(Reporter Ma Jinfeng) Recently, a video of "a 14-year-old junior high school student driving a bus without authorization and injuring a female college student" was circulated on the Internet. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the local police that the junior high school student was obsessed with the bus driving profession, so he had the idea of stealing a bus to "enjoy it" and accidentally injured someone. The local police detained him for 20 days and fined him in 500 yuan, but he was not sent to the detention center for execution because he was under 16 years old.

　　The online video shows that a boy in a yellow T-shirt was driving a bus, and suddenly stopped at a corner. After a few seconds, he started to go straight ahead and then went backwards.

　　Yesterday afternoon, the reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted an eyewitness. According to her introduction, at about 8: 40 pm on May 26, at the entrance of a commercial street in Xiangtan University, an empty No.106 bus knocked down a female college student at the corner. "The girl fell to the ground at that time. However, after the driver injured the person, he did not stop but continued to drive forward until the crowded place in front was forced to stop by the girl’s companions and onlookers. "

　　A policeman from the accident squadron of Yuhu Brigade of Xiangtan Traffic Police Detachment told Beiqing Daily that the perpetrator was a 14-year-old boy. That night, he drove the bus alone and drove all the way from Xiangtan Railway Station to the incident site, with a driving distance of more than 7 kilometers. According to the police, the injured female college student was taken to the hospital for treatment after the accident, and it is no longer a serious problem.

　　In response to this matter, on May 27th, Xiangtan Public Transport Co., Ltd. gave a detailed briefing. According to the circular, on the evening of May 26th, Zhou Moumou, a student of No.2 Middle School of Xianggang, took advantage of the night security patrol patrol to open the emergency valve of the No.106 bus door parked on Yihuan East Road without authorization, entered the car and rummaged for the vehicle key. At about 20: 47, he stole the bus to Lianjian District, South Gate of Xiangtan University, and rubbed Zhang Moumou, a passing college student, during the turning, causing his skin injury. That night, Zhou was taken away by the traffic police department for investigation, and the injured were sent to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.

　　It is understood that the party Zhou Moumou dreamed of becoming a bus driver because of his "obsession" with the bus driving profession, and he paid attention to the bus for more than a year. That night, by looking at the traffic APP software, I found that the vehicle was not running on the line, so I had the idea of stealing the bus to "get addicted".

　　The circular mentioned that after the accident, Xiangtan Public Transport Co., Ltd. made a decision on the person responsible for the accident. Zhu Zhiguang, the driver of No.106 bus, failed to take the vehicle keys as required, causing major hidden dangers and bad consequences, and the labor contract was terminated, which will take effect on the same day; Cai Jie and Zhou Weidong, night security patrol personnel of Hexi Company, were laid off and investigated for serious negligence in their work; Chen Liang, the duty manager of Hexi Company, and Zhang Jin, the person in charge of night shift safety management, were suspended from their duties and investigated.

　　Yesterday, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from Yuhu Brigade of Xiangtan Traffic Police Detachment that according to the Procedures for Handling Administrative Cases by Public Security Organs, the punishment of administrative detention for 20 days was combined and 500 yuan was fined. However, because Zhou was over 14 years old and under 16 years old, he was not sent to the detention center for execution.

Special feature of 1905 film network "What is the biggest secret of China’s atomic bomb? It can be made. " "I believe that the plane is the same, whether it is an engine or a stealth fighter, it can be made."

In the movie, these words played by Zhang Ting and Lei Yu explain the firm and victorious belief that generations of China aviation people have made great powers.

The film portrays the heroic image of a new generation of China Air Force test pilots through starring YiBo, Hu Jun, etc. At the same time, it reveals the history behind the difficult birth of new fighters in China.

After the release of "King of the Sky", a bright report card was handed over: after four days of release, the cumulative box office broke 300 million, ranking as the May 1st box office champion so far. Taobao Film 9.7, Cat’s Eye 9.6, Douban 7.0, ranked first in May 1st, with popcorn index of 97% and IMDb8 score of 8, which was well received by the whole network at home and abroad.

Then, as a film, How was King of the Sky made? In 1905, the film network interviewed the director of "King of the Sky" and listened to him decrypt the behind-the-scenes story of the film from many angles.

It is both a film project and a scientific research project.

Director Liu Xiaoshi is an aviation fan. When he was studying in the director department of Beijing Film Academy, he made a documentary for the aviation industry group. After graduation, he also worked in the aviation industry for 15 years.

Liu Xiaoshi knows the story of the test pilot group and the flight test process very well. He participated in the riveting ceremony of the first screw produced by the J -20 and contacted the J -20 fighter many times. Li Gang, the chief test pilot of the J -20, is also his good friend.

"I am very touched by what happened to the test pilot. It is necessary to make a film about the test pilot to let more people know about such a group and how difficult it is to know the progress of aviation equipment in our country."

The first draft script of "The King of the Sky" was released in 2019. He and the screenwriter Guiguan spent more than three years repeatedly revising and polishing. "There are about forty scripts with numbers, and there are about one or two hundred scripts without numbers."

Liu Xiaoshi said that this script has a lot of rigorous aviation science logic, which needs to be repeatedly demonstrated with relevant engineers and scientists, and it is a very big challenge and topic to write the story satisfactorily and write the characters with flesh and blood.

Because of his work, he has photographed many planes and accumulated some failed experiences and lessons. Liu Xiaoshi didn’t want to make mistakes again in this film, so he spent nearly a year exploring the previous technology. "I very much hope that there will be a leap and improvement in shooting technology. For example, we used virtual shooting to control the linkage between the background image and the mechanical device by programming. "

The crew also prepared for the production one and a half years in advance. Every aerial scene will not only prepare one shooting plan. "It’s really like scientific research, there are several ABC plans. We did tests in Beijing, Fuzhou, Xiangshan and other places, and the plan was very rich and sufficient. "

In the view of director Liu Xiaoshi, the production of "The King of the Sky" is "both a film project and a scientific research project."

Aviation equipment is growing, and so are people.

"The King of the Sky" is not only a passionate Chinese air force blockbuster, but also a film about growth. "The film is about the growth of a generation of young test pilots and the progress of a generation of equipment. Equipment is growing and people are growing. "

Liu Xiaoshi said that Zhang Ting, the captain played by Hu Jun, was an example for the test flight team. "Zhang Ting voluntarily gave the chief to others, which was very touching to both Lei Yu and Deng Fang. What everyone thinks is very important, Zhang Ting doesn’t care at all, because he wants to inspire everyone to compete and improve their ability. Only through these experiences can Lei Yu and others really grow up.

Including the sacrifice of Zhang Dadui. He told Lei Yu who would jump first, but Zhang lied to him. Because someone must fly the plane out of the city and land in no man’s land, in order to skydive completely. This is all an inner influence on a person, which enables Lei Yu to grow up. "

In the film, Lei Yu and Deng Fang changed from competitors who looked down on each other to working together to accomplish difficult tasks, and became real comrades-in-arms. The formation of this friendship is also very moving in Liu Xiaoshi’s view.

Repeated trials and transformations have given Lei Yu a complete growth line. Among them, when he made a mistake, he was sent to pack an umbrella, which is rare in similar air force movies, which stems from the advice provided by the air force leaders. Before shooting, Liu Xiaoshi led the creative team to visit the umbrella bag room, and saw that the umbrella bag man, like a skilled craftsman, carefully filled a messy rope into the umbrella tube, which inspired him.

"Once there is a small negligence in the process of umbrella packing, it may have a particularly great impact on the landing and safety of the aircraft. At that time, we felt that this was very important for the growth of the characters, so we wrote it in the story. " The process of learning to wrap an umbrella made Lei Yu understand his mission better, and inspired him to design ideas to alleviate the problem of airplane spin.

As a new actor, Lei Yu played by YiBo brought many surprises to Director Liu Xiaoshi. "Now Lei Yu, YiBo is very suitable, he should play such a person. Yibo is a very polite and thoughtful person, and so is Lei Yu. "

"He is a very sensitive actor and enters the situation quickly. When he played many plays for the first time, I was quite surprised. Many details were entirely his own play. " For example, in the first scene of filming, Lei Yu fell into the sheepfold. "After he pulled out from under the umbrella, he looked at the sky. At this look, I think he can do it, completely putting himself into the situation after a pilot fell into the sheepfold. "

"In the more than 100 days we filmed, he was never late once, and he was very dedicated every day. No matter whether it was dangerous or suffering, he did not give a discount to carry out it." Liu Xiaoshi recalled.

Write the story of Chinese and don’t blindly imitate western movies.

The test pilot is a dancer on the tip of a knife and a warrior in the blue sky. Only when they break through the limits again and again can they try out the limits of new planes and explore new fighters that roar in the sky.

"The biggest difference between a test pilot and a front-line combatant is that one has to beat himself and the other has to beat his opponent. The target of frontline combatants is the enemy. The test pilots should improve their flying ability and aviation theory knowledge, and overcome their fears. " There is a line in the movie that says, "The new generation of test pilots are designers and engineers who can fly." They should know not only actual combat and theory, but also design technology.

Liu Xiaoshi believes that only by approaching the current test pilot group, feeling, seeing and observing can we write their stories well. "Be sure to write Chinese’s own story, we can’t blindly imitate western movies. They ride motorcycles, and we also ride motorcycles in movies, but China soldiers don’t; They go to the bar, so do we. Our troops are not like this. "

The film has a hopeful ending. Instead of captain Zhang Ting, Lei Yu flew by on the football field, realizing Zhang Ting’s son’s wish. The growth story of Lei Yu and the younger generation and their dream of flying are still going on. Liu Xiaoshi revealed that "The King of the Sky" does not rule out the plan of making a sequel.

He hopes that the audience can understand the spiritual outlook of contemporary young test pilots and soldiers through King of the Sky, so that more and more people can understand the difficulties behind the development of China’s aviation industry and inspire the next generation to embrace the beautiful ideal of loving flying.

According to Beijing Daily News, after the recent controversy over the authenticity of vehicle background data, on May 6, Tesla announced that it is developing a vehicle owner data platform, which may create an industry precedent for sharing new energy smart car data with users.

According to insiders of Tesla, in order to allow users to freely view the background data of vehicles, an online information system platform is being developed for all car owners to inquire about and obtain the data of vehicle-machine interaction, which is expected to be launched this year.

With the incident of Tesla Shanghai Auto Show rising to a public opinion event, in order to dispel public doubts, Tesla submitted the driving data 30 minutes before the accident to the owner, and announced the driving data 1 minute before the accident. Once the data was published, it was hotly debated, and even some voices questioned the authenticity of the data.

In this regard, Tesla said that as more consumers choose intelligent networked cars, vehicle data has attracted more and more attention. This involves how all smart car companies deal with the relationship with consumers in the future and how to deal with the forward-looking problem of data security in the smart car industry. Tesla made several responses to smart car data.

Response 1

Why should we monitor the vehicle operation data?

Nowadays, smart cars generate a large amount of data every day, but many people have doubts about why and what data to collect. In fact, China has made clear provisions in this regard. The Regulations on the Administration of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Products Access and the relevant national standards for electric vehicles have made clear requirements on vehicle operation data monitoring, allowing the data monitored by enterprises to be limited to information on vehicle operation status such as vehicle operation safety, failure, charging and energy consumption.

Then why monitor the data generated by vehicle driving? Industry experts have said that the massive data sources generated by vehicle driving can provide accurate and rich reference data and guidance for the industry, which is very helpful for the development of the smart car industry. For enterprises, the collection of vehicle data can also better help them improve their products and services, and even prevent potential risks.

It is worth mentioning that, after conducting research and in-depth discussion in related fields through the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and testing institutions, the China Automobile Association has launched a solution of automobile big data platform based on blockchain technology, and released the "blockchain platform for data trusted storage", aiming at strengthening the security in the process of data monitoring by using blockchain technology, providing enterprises with data trusted storage services, and enabling consumers to enjoy better information services.

Response 2

Where is the data generated by vehicle operation stored?

According to the relevant national requirements, all new energy vehicle manufacturers in China should establish their own product operation safety monitoring platform to monitor the operation status of their products.

After Tesla provided 30 minutes of data to the Shanghai Auto Show, there were many voices on the Internet questioning the authenticity of the data.

In this regard, Tesla said that Tesla’s vehicle data should be regulated by the state and local governments. In addition, Tesla’s vehicle data is read by the vehicle gateway and stored in encrypted form. The stored data is recorded by encryption technology, so it is impossible to directly read, modify or delete related data. The background vehicle related data is transferred from the server, which is transmitted to the vehicle by various sensors during driving and then to the server through the network. It is authentic and complete vehicle data.

At the same time, the data of the black box (EDR) in the car is stored locally in the vehicle and frozen. The reading of EDR data usually requires physical connection between special equipment and vehicles, which can ensure that EDR data will not be modified. EDR data has gradually become an important basis for law enforcement agencies to investigate accidents.

EDR has played a key role in many accident investigations of Tesla vehicles in China and the United States, and has been adopted by law enforcement agencies.

Response 3

Who has the right to use the data?

Regulatory authorities, law enforcement agencies and enterprises all have the right to use vehicle data, and consumers also have the right to know their own vehicle driving data according to law.

By reading the contents of Tesla user manual, we can find that there are detailed instructions on data monitoring and use. First of all, the data is stored by the vehicle. During vehicle maintenance, it can be accessed, used and stored by Tesla maintenance technicians, or transmitted to Tesla periodically by wireless through the vehicle telematics system. Tesla can use this data to provide Tesla telematics services, conduct troubleshooting, evaluate the quality, function and performance of automobiles, and conduct analysis and research to complete the improvement and design of vehicles and vehicle systems.

Previously, Tesla also provided the car owners with the vehicle data 30 minutes before the accident according to the requirements of Zhengzhou Market Supervision Administration. However, for the protection of users’ privacy, at present, individual users want to obtain vehicle data, and they need to apply for a written request through government supervision departments such as the Public Security Law. However, Tesla insiders also revealed that in order to allow users to freely view the background data of vehicles, an online information system platform is currently being developed for all car owners to inquire about the data of vehicle-machine interaction, which is expected to be launched this year.

expert

Smart car data supervision to be standardized

Shortly after the Tesla Shanghai Auto Show, CCTV’s Newsweek column pointed out the current regulatory problems faced by smart cars. "How to identify smart car accidents is reliable? Is driving data private? Who should put it in? If we just watch the excitement and can’t make progress from the system, our consumption environment will pay a higher price. To solve this problem, the whole industry should pass the customs, otherwise the brakes of the industry will not work! "

In a recent report, People’s Daily questioned "how the regulatory authorities should act". Liu Changsong, director of Beijing Mugong Law Firm, said in the article: "Public safety is no small matter. Due to the safety and public safety of vehicle users, the regulatory authorities are expected to take responsibility. "

In fact, under the background of the rapid development and popularization of smart cars, the supervision has been in a relatively weak state. Dr. Wang Yao, Assistant Secretary-General and Minister of Technology of China Automobile Industry Association, said that there are no clear legal provisions on the confirmation of autonomous driving data and the process of publishing data after accidents. Although there are many laws and regulations on the supervision of autonomous driving data security, there are still some inapplicability in the field of intelligent networked vehicles.

As for the improvement of the supervision mode of intelligent vehicles, he also put forward his own views, suggesting that government departments can revise and supplement the regulations and standards that are not suitable for the development of intelligent networked vehicles according to different data types involved in intelligent networked vehicles, and at the same time suggest that the data supervision system of intelligent networked vehicles should be further improved by adopting a multi-centralized data governance model.

Tesla’s incident exposed many problems in the industry, which is a good thing from the perspective of development. This made the public know the importance of data and put forward higher requirements for corporate responsibility and government safety supervision. Wang Yao said that relevant legislation will be accelerated in the future, and I believe that more car companies like Tesla are willing to make safety data transparent through "data sharing", so that consumers can trust smart car products more.

Original title: Tesla: Developing a data platform that will share data with car owners.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

　　Chinanews. com, March 1 ST, the long-distance passenger transport in real-name registration system, the information of imported cosmetics can be traced back to the whole process, the time limit for postal delivery has been greatly shortened, and the people’s court trial must be recorded and videotaped … … Since March, the Regulations on the Administration of Road Passenger Transport and Passenger Stations, the Universal Postal Service Standard, the Film Industry Promotion Law and other laws and regulations have been officially implemented, which have affected our lives in many ways.

　　The revised "Regulations on the Management of Road Passenger Transport and Passenger Stations" by the Ministry of Transport has been implemented since March 1. The new regulations point out that real-name ticket sales and real-name inspection of passenger tickets will be fully implemented for inter-provincial and inter-city passenger lines. The long-distance bus ticket will be printed with the identity information of the passengers. If passengers lose their tickets, they can apply for and reissue them free of charge after verifying their identity information.

　　According to the new regulations, passengers who purchase tickets online through online travel agencies must also provide accurate and valid certificate information, and they must also carry this valid certificate when they go to the station to collect tickets; When purchasing tickets on behalf of others, the purchaser must show the valid certificates of the purchaser and the passenger at the same time; Those who bring children free of charge should apply for real-name registration system tickets free of charge with their valid identity documents.

　　Seven kinds of goods purchased online are not applicable for seven days without reason to return.

　　The Interim Measures for the Seven-Day Unreasonable Return of Goods Purchased on the Internet, which will be implemented on 15th of this month, clarifies that seven types of goods are not applicable to the seven-day unreasonable return:

　　Goods ordered by consumers; Fresh and perishable goods; Digital commodities such as audio-visual products and computer software downloaded online or unpacked by consumers; Newspapers and periodicals delivered; Commodities that are easy to affect personal safety or life and health after unpacking, or commodities that are easy to change the quality of commodities after unpacking; Once activated or tried, the value of the goods is derogatory; Goods near the expiration date and defective goods that have been clearly stated at the time of sale.

　　The "Measures" stipulate that when consumers return goods, they should return the accessories and gifts together, and the freight generated by the return shall be borne by the consumers according to law. Unless otherwise agreed between the operator and the consumer, the agreement shall prevail. The measures also made clear punishment rules for online commodity sellers who violated regulations.

　　Imported cosmetics can be traced back to the whole process of information

　　The Provisions on the Administration of Filing, Import Records and Sales Records of Domestic Consignees of Imported Cosmetics issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine came into effect on March 1st. This regulation details the filing, import records and sales records of domestic consignees of imported cosmetics. Tracing the information of imported cosmetics in the whole process can ensure that the defective products can be recalled quickly when quality and safety problems occur, and ensure the safety of consumption.

　　New postal service standard: the delivery time limit is greatly shortened

　　The newly revised "Universal Postal Service" standard came into effect on March 1st. The requirements of the new standard for the whole time limit of mail are obviously improved. The longest time for letters is 7 or 8 days, and ordinary parcels can be received in 8 or 9 days.

　　The new standard stipulates that each county-level administrative region should have at least one postal business place that provides international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan mail services, and each township and town should have at least one postal business place that provides parcel collection services.

　　In terms of protecting users’ rights and interests, the new standard has increased the business hours to be publicized, the mail time limit, and refined the provisions on users’ complaints. The time limit for responding to users’ complaints has been reduced from 30 working days stipulated in the current standard to 15 days.

　　The trial of the people’s court shall be recorded and videotaped throughout.

　　"Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Audio and Video Recording of People’s Courts" will come into force on March 1st. The "Regulations" clarify that when a people’s court hears a case, it shall record and video the whole trial. Without the permission of the people’s court, no one may record or videotape the trial activities, and may not record, copy, delete or transfer the audio and video recordings of the trial.

　　The "Regulations" point out that the people’s court should take overlapping synchronous recording time or other measures to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the audio and video recordings of the trial. The "Regulations" emphasize that the recording of court trial activities involving state secrets, commercial secrets, personal privacy, and the storage, inspection, copying, and transcription of court trial audio and video should comply with relevant regulations such as confidentiality management.

　　The names of public figures in political and cultural fields shall not be used as trademarks.

　　The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases of Trademark Authorization and Confirmation, which came into effect on March 1, clearly states that the application for registration of the names of public figures in the fields of politics, economy, culture, religion and nationality as trademarks belongs to "other adverse effects" as stipulated in Item (8) of Article 10 of the Trademark Law. Therefore, according to the Trademark Law, the names of the above public figures shall not be used as trademarks.

　　Film practitioners should abide by professional ethics in virtue and artistry.

　　The Film Industry Promotion Law came into effect on March 1st. For the first time, the law clearly requires filmmakers: actors, directors and other film practitioners should adhere to the dual virtues of morality and art, abide by laws and regulations, respect social morality, abide by professional ethics, strengthen self-discipline and establish a good social image.

　　The law makes it clear that film distribution enterprises and cinemas should truthfully count the film sales revenue and provide true and accurate statistical data, and must not take improper means such as making false transactions, making false reports or concealing sales revenue to deceive or mislead the audience and disrupt the film market order. At the same time, the law stipulates corresponding penalties.

　　The Film Industry Promotion Law not only decentralizes the examination and approval authority, but also standardizes the procedures for the formulation and disclosure of film censorship standards, and sets up provisions for retrial in case of disputes.

　　The government should provide corresponding public cultural services according to the characteristics of the group.

　　People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Cultural Service Guarantee Law will come into force on March 1, 2017. The law stipulates that no unit or individual may occupy the land for the construction of public cultural facilities or change its use without authorization. If it is necessary to adjust the construction land for public cultural facilities due to special circumstances, the construction land shall be re-determined.

　　The law clearly stipulates that no unit or individual may dismantle public cultural facilities without authorization, change their functions and uses without authorization or hinder their normal operation, occupy or misappropriate public cultural facilities, or use public cultural facilities for business activities unrelated to public cultural services.

　　According to this law, people’s governments at all levels should provide corresponding public cultural services according to the characteristics and needs of minors, the elderly, the disabled and the floating population.

● 　Key points of investment

China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration. China highway logistics freight volume accounts for 80% of the total freight volume, which is the main artery of China economy. However, the efficiency of the industry is not high. China’s trucks have an average effective mileage of 300 kilometers per day, while the United States can reach 1000 kilometers. There are more than 20 million trucks in China, and the empty rate is as high as 40% or more. The average interval between vehicle parking and distribution is about 72 hours. There are more than 7.5 million highway logistics enterprises in China, and each household only has 1.5 trucks, and more than 90% of them are in the hands of individual drivers. The crux of the current resource mismatch lies in the asymmetry of freight logistics information.

China Car-Goods Matching Market: Two Operating Models Coexist. Information asymmetry has given birth to the demand for matching between cars and goods. In the past, the traditional vehicle-cargo matching platform was mainly offline entities, including distribution stations, highway ports and logistics parks. At present, with the intervention of Internet, a virtual vehicle-cargo matching platform has been formed. By using the Internet, offline vehicle sources and goods sources are integrated through the development of logistics APP, WEB or other systems, and information is released online through APP, web or other systems and accurately matched, hoping to solve the asymmetry of logistics information.

Enlightenment from the development of American freight logistics industry. Truck transportation in the United States is extremely developed and is the main mode of transportation in the United States. Among them, truck transportation market scale exceeded US$ 600 billion, accounting for about 80% of the total. Developed infrastructure and high degree of intensification are the two main reasons for its high efficiency. The revelation of Robinson’s case is that the ability to integrate information and resources is the core. It does not own a truck, but it is the first truck transportation company in the United States, which basically monopolizes most of the road transportation resources in the United States and ranks seventh in global freight transportation.

Future Outlook: The Ultimate Version of Car-Goods Matching? Highway ports are built to eliminate them. In the past year, more than 200 car and cargo matching apps have been produced, but there have been few successes. There are three bottlenecks: 1. It is difficult to standardize supply and demand information; 2. Lack of integrity certification system; 3. Vehicles tend to have a stable supply of goods, and shippers prefer a stable transportation capacity, which makes it difficult for existing software to get involved in the mainstream market. We believe that the highway logistics industry will have offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks for a long time, and they have the strongest ability to gather traffic and people in scattered industries. They have the strongest resources and ability to integrate and innovate, and the ultimate mode of their development is to eliminate intermediary matchmakers.

Investment strategy. We suggest paying attention to the distribution and integration of logistics park resources in the country to form the Chuanhua shares of highway port network. For details of Chuanhua shares, please refer to our in-depth report "Chuanhua Logistics-China Highway Integrators Reloaded into Battle" on July 3 this year.

Risk warning. The economic downturn has led to a decline in freight demand; The offline matching platform is invested too much; The promotion of value-added services failed to meet expectations.

● 　The following is the text of the report.

catalogue

1. China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration …-3-

1.1. Current situation of highway logistics industry: Highway is the main form of goods flow, but its efficiency is low …-3-

1.2. Information asymmetry is the crux, and there is a huge demand for matching cars and goods …-4-

Second, the matching market of vehicles and goods in China: two major operating modes coexist …-5-

2.1. Two camps gave birth to two business models …-5-

2.2. Comparison of Typical Case Studies …-5-

Iii. International Experience: Enlightenment from the Development of Freight Logistics in the United States …-11-

3.1. Overview of American road freight industry: Truck transportation is the main mode of transportation …-11-

3.2, no car is better than a car, the inspiration of Robinson’s case: the ability to integrate information and resources is the core …

Fourth, the future outlook: the ultimate version of car and cargo matching? … – 15 –

4.1 What are the pain points of car-cargo matching? … – 15 –

4.2 What mode does road freight need? … – 16 –

4.3 Investment strategy …-16-

Risk warning …-17-

1、China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration

Modern logistics industry is the basic industry and producer service industry of national economic development, which is connected with production and consumption at one end. Since 2007, the scale of domestic social logistics market has shown a steady linear growth. In 2013, the total logistics cost was 10 trillion, and in 2014 it exceeded 11 trillion. At present, the proportion of China’s logistics cost to price cost and GDP is much higher than that of developed countries. In 2013, the ratio of China’s total social logistics cost to GDP was 18%, which dropped to 16.6% in 2014, while it was only about 8% in western countries. The overall capacity of China’s logistics industry is obviously insufficient.

1.1. Current situation of highway logistics industry: Highway is the main form of goods flow, but its efficiency is low.

At present, the freight volume of highway logistics in China accounts for 80% of the total freight volume. Therefore, the reason why the overall logistics capacity of China is weak is the low efficiency of highway logistics capacity. At present, China’s trucks have an average effective mileage of 300 kilometers per day, while the United States can reach 1000 kilometers. There are more than 20 million trucks in China, and the empty rate is as high as 40% or more. The average interval between vehicle parking and distribution is about 72 hours. Among them, a lot of time is wasted on waiting for goods and distributing goods, which causes great waste of resources and inefficient tail gas emission, which intensifies air pollution; At the same time, it also increases the management pressure of expressways and urban roads.

1.2. Information asymmetry is the crux of the problem, and the demand for vehicle and cargo matching is huge.

Due to the small scale and large number of road freight operators, according to statistics, there are more than 7.5 million road logistics enterprises in China, and each household only has 1.5 trucks on average; However, its operation is basically in a state of "straggle", and the level of industry organization is very low. More than 90% of the transportation capacity is in the hands of individual drivers, and the industry concentration is only about 1.2%. We believe that the crux of the current situation of resource mismatch and inefficiency lies in the asymmetry of freight logistics information.

In the current freight logistics service chain, the individual car owners are at the end. Due to the low participation threshold of employees, oversupply and low organizational level, the game of these individual vehicles in freight transactions is very passive. Unless there are some structural reasons such as special time periods, special routes or special vehicle needs, the source and pricing power of most individual vehicles are often in the hands of shippers. In view of this, the vehicle-cargo matching market came into being. Under the current transportation market pattern of "more vehicles and less goods", its value lies in optimizing the resource allocation of goods and drivers in the downstream of the supply chain by virtue of the platform’s information integration ability, providing transportation capacity to shippers, providing goods to car owners and ensuring a certain freight rate, reducing the empty rate of vehicles, improving the efficiency of drivers in finding goods, and further reducing transportation costs. The high idle driving cost of truck drivers also makes the driver have a strong demand for the vehicle-cargo matching platform.

Schematic diagram of road freight service chain in China

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

2. China’s car and goods matching market: two major operating modes coexist.

In fact, the vehicle-cargo matching platform is de-intermediated through the online platform. Internet technology and information technology are used to improve the information retrieval ability and matching efficiency, reduce drivers’ waiting time and empty driving distance, de-intermediate and improve the full load rate. Vehicle-cargo matching platform mainly uses the advantages of "internet plus", integrates off-line vehicle sources and goods sources through the development of logistics APP, WEB or other systems, and publishes information online through APP, web or other systems and accurately matches it, thus solving the asymmetry of logistics information.

2.1, two camps gave birth to two business models.

At present, there are two main models for the online and offline differentiation of the car and goods matching market:

Offline+Online mode: Offline is laid out nationwide, service nodes are established, local transportation resources are integrated, and a controllable transportation resource network is established to form a "transportation pool", on the basis of which vehicle and cargo matching services are provided online. The core of this mode is to integrate the vehicle and cargo resources, ensure the truthfulness, effectiveness and uniform service rules of the vehicle source information on the vehicle and cargo matching platform, and carry out vehicle and cargo matching on this basis.

Representatives: Chuanhua Logistics, Ka Xing Tian Xia, Anneng Logistics, Robinson Logistics of the United States.

Pure platform mode: The earliest pure platform mode was a short and simple freight information publishing website (such as Jincheng Logistics Network and National Logistics Information Network), and then it developed into an information transmission, matching and trading platform with software as the core, connecting the online and offline, connecting the consignor and the transportation capacity, and becoming a car-free carrier.

Representatives: oTMS, Driver’s Station, Yunmanman, Luoji Logistics.

2.2. Comparison of typical case studies

Chuanhua Logistics: Online Platform+Offline Highway Port Mode

Chuanhua Logistics is actually a form of the fourth party logistics (4PL), which belongs to the online platform+offline highway port mode from the online and offline classification. Chuanhua Logistics entered the logistics industry in an all-round way from the modern logistics base in 2002, innovatively developed the "highway port" logistics platform, and established the closed-loop logistics ecology of O2O. In fact, the mode of uploading logistics is the fourth-party logistics mode, which realizes the integration of capital flow, information flow and logistics through the combination of online and offline. Offline, Chuanhua Logistics has established a national "highway port" logistics model, forming a national highway port network with 100 outlets in four major hubs. At present, it has occupied the card position advantage in key transportation hubs, and has rapidly expanded through the self-built and extended model. Online, Chuanhua has developed an Internet logistics platform with "Easy Distribution", "Barter Di" and "Yunbao Net" as its core. Through Chuanhua logistics portal+mobile phone distribution APP+ O2O truck calling platform in the same city, the freight problem between highway trunk lines and the city in the last mile has been solved. At present, Chuanhua Logistics has a revenue of over 10 billion yuan and is an invisible giant of China highway logistics.

Schematic diagram of online platform+offline highway port mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, Chuanhua Logistics has formed two major business segments: highway port investment operation and supporting services and O2O logistics network platform services. In the future, when the platform of Chuanhua Logistics grows to a certain scale (the main indicators are the number of active members and the total transaction amount), more profit models will be generated. Generally speaking, the main profit sources of Chuanhua Logistics in the future can be divided into: infrastructure rental income of highway ports, commission income of various logistics transactions, membership service income and financial services based on traffic and big data. Among them, the aforementioned fourth income will constitute the main profit model under the future logistics big data economy, such as personalized insurance group purchase income based on driver membership and behavior data, and logistics scale intensive income based on the whole network supply transaction.

Schematic diagram of profit model of Chuanhua Logistics

Source: official website, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Card line in the world: online portal+offline joining mode

The operation mode of Card Bank is divided into two parts: offline transportation network and online portal network construction. Offline, by first establishing a regional center for goods collection and distribution, and at the same time, through the network radiation ability of this center, we will establish franchise outlets outside the park by joining to attract high-quality special line members, and finally build a nationwide logistics and transportation network. On the online side, through the construction of the portal website, we can provide a unified information system for the franchised enterprises, realize the tracking statistics, assessment and evaluation of the franchised enterprises, make the whole process of transportation services visible online, make the service settlement completed by platform members more convenient, improve the customer experience of delivery, and make the whole logistics chain run in a standardized way.

In terms of profit model, the Bank of China makes profits by charging initial fees, management fees and providing value-added services. The card bank charges a certain joining fee to the joining members. After the members join the card bank, the card bank charges management fees and system usage fees for 1% of the new business volume of the members. The profit of value-added services in the supply chain is mainly the insurance of centralized procurement and the financial services provided, including the cost of intensive distribution operation of the park platform.

Schematic diagram of online portal+offline joining mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Anneng Logistics: Online Portal+Main Line Self-operated+Joining Mode

The mode adopted by Anneng Logistics is the mode of self-operated trunk line and regional joining: the national distribution and trunk feeder buses are directly invested by the headquarters to ensure the operational stability and sustainability of the whole system to the greatest extent. By establishing the franchise mode of terminal outlets through online portal, franchisees can apply for joining on the website, thus avoiding the investment in building national outlets, concentrating on customer service in their own regions, and minimizing the risk of individual LTL express joining entrepreneurs. At the same time, customers can directly order delivery, waybill inquiry, order inquiry, order management and other services through the portal.

Schematic diagram of online portal+offline self-operation+joining mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, Anneng Logistics has established more than 130 distribution centers nationwide, with 8,000 staff and 5,000 outlets, serving 31 provinces and cities nationwide, planning more than 2,000 transportation routes and controlling more than 4,000 box trucks. It is estimated that by the end of 2015, Anneng Logistics will have more than 10,000 nationwide network points and 157 distribution centers, achieving the annual target turnover of 2.4 billion yuan and becoming the largest LTL logistics enterprise in China.

In terms of profit model, Anneng Logistics makes profits by collecting venue rent, joining fees and providing value-added services. On the one hand, by constantly eliminating unqualified networks and attracting new franchise outlets, and maintaining the gradual improvement of the quality and quantity of outlets, Anneng can provide brand support and certain source information for franchisees, and make a profit by charging franchisees a certain franchise fee. On the other hand, as the core product of Anneng Logistics, "Timing Arrival" provides customers with "safe, punctual, service and economical" road transportation services, with the service quality comparable to that of aviation and express delivery, and the price is only one third; At the same time, Anneng provides customers with services such as to pay the freight, receipt recovery, quotation claim settlement, etc., and makes profits by charging a certain value-added service fee.

OTMS: Community Platform Model

OTMS is a community-based transportation management system, which seamlessly connects the owner, the third-party logistics company, the transportation company, the driver and the final consignee from the top of the transportation chain, pays attention to the whole chain of transportation management, and forms a balanced and win-win online ecosystem based on the core process, which is equivalent to an online mirror image of its offline actual operation network. This online ecosystem will be an open community based on the credit system (real data). All community members can better manage their existing businesses and have the opportunity to find better resources or more new businesses. OTMS will not be involved in the actual operation, such as being a fourth party logistics company (4PL), and oTMS is just a community platform based on core software.

At present, there are 130 consignors in oTMS, and the consignors connect drivers through "Where are you" and "Kaka". Logistics companies use oTMS products to manage transportation orders, and the monthly orders are about one million.

Schematic diagram of community platform mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, oTMS has a Saas service platform with the main version of goods, a Saas service platform with the carrier version, an APP "Kaka" used by truck drivers, and an APP "Where is it" for the consignee to monitor logistics information. The transparent information management platform of the whole process formed by the combination of PC-side service platform and mobile APP brings all relevant parties, including consignors, logistics companies, transport carriers, drivers and consignees, into a business network, realizing the unification of tools.

In terms of profit model, oTMS currently focuses on selling Saas service systems and system maintenance services, and will get involved in the logistics finance industry in the future. In the B2B logistics and transportation industry, China still has a lot of room for growth, and B2B logistics and transportation also involves the cash flow of delivery enterprises, receiving enterprises and logistics companies. The accounting period of transportation companies is about 60 days to 120 days. How to participate in it and integrate this cash flow with financial institutions is the focus of oTMS’s future development.

Yun Man Man: Mobile phone logistics information matching platform model

Yun Man Man is a mobile phone online logistics information matching platform based on mobile Internet technology, which is dedicated to providing efficient vehicle management and distribution tools for road transport logistics industry, and providing comprehensive information and transaction services for vehicle finding (distribution) and vehicle finding (consignment). Its service targets cover all types of goods and vehicles, meet the needs of logistics companies, information departments and small and medium-sized enterprises for long-distance road vehicle transportation, and at the same time improve the distribution efficiency of car owners and reduce the empty return rate; Improve the efficiency of cargo owners in finding cars and improve the operational efficiency of the overall logistics industry.

At present, Yunmanman has branches and offices in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Fujian and other provinces, and plans to open more information on vehicle sources and goods sources and lay out the national road transport information network, so as to promote the road transport industry in China to enter an era of mobile Internet with high efficiency and low altitude.

Schematic diagram of mobile phone logistics information matching platform mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Through the "Yun Man Man" mobile APP, the owner can publish the information of goods supply and price comparison, and at the same time, he can also find the source of the car himself. With the permission of the driver, the driver can be located and managed to quickly understand the supply dynamics. The owner can search for the source of goods independently, compare the sources of goods, and contact the owner directly by telephone after finding satisfactory information. Car owners can also take the initiative to release empty car information and wait for the owner to come to the door. And logistics companies can also publish the information of goods supply and their own logistics lines, find the goods supply while knowing the freight price of vehicles in time, and further expand the online goods collection business.

At present, Yunman is not profitable. After building the whole ecosystem and attracting enough user traffic, Yunman can collect enough information, establish a credit system through big data, further improve payment and financial value-added services, and make profits through capital precipitation and value-added services.

Luoji Logistics: Online Logistics Information Matching Platform Model

The Luoji logistics platform is similar to the mode of "Yun Man Man", and it is also an online logistics information matching platform. It uses data mining technology, search matching technology and mobile Internet of Things technology to provide drivers and shippers with free information on the source of goods and vehicles, and carries out multi-dimensional matching between goods and car owners, in addition to distance matching based on geographical location, there are also multi-dimensional matching such as route, time and load capacity. Luoji logistics platform realizes de-intermediation through the mobile Internet, which reduces logistics costs, the empty rate of trucks and improves the overall logistics efficiency. With the more registered users of platform owners and cargo owners, the success rate of vehicle-cargo matching will be higher and higher. By the end of 2015, the number of users on the Luoji platform will reach 4 million, including 3 million drivers and 1 million shippers.

Luoji logistics platform can solve the two problems of truck drivers and suppliers: first, quickly and effectively integrate the supply and capacity, and reduce the owner’s empty driving rate; The second is to make the freight market more orderly and smarter. At present, Luoji Logistics APP is divided into four versions: Luoji Looking for Goods (Driver Edition), Luoji Looking for Cars (Shipper Edition) and Luoji City (Delivery/Driver End).

Schematic diagram of Logitech logistics information matching platform model

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Logitech has launched two different softwares for shippers and car owners, "Logitech Find Cars" and "Logitech Find Goods". The truck driver opens the "Luo Ji Looking for Goods" and clicks the "List of Goods" to see the geographical location, goods type, weight, delivery time and vehicle demand of the goods, and the owner will dock the consignor as required. The barter between Luoji City and Chuanhua Logistics is similar, which mainly solves the transportation demand of the last kilometer and the first kilometer in the same city.

Similar to Yun Man Man, Logitech is not profitable at present, and its main task is to promote users. After the platform is formed, it collects huge data to realize its traffic value. For example, there can be derivative insurance services, refueling services, auto repair services, etc. on the platform, which are all potential value-added spaces. On the other hand, Luoji will consider further extending its business to the financial leasing of vehicles and supply chain finance of logistics companies.

3. International experience: Enlightenment from the development of American freight logistics industry.

3.1. Overview of American road freight industry: Truck transportation is the main mode of transportation.

Truck transportation in the United States is extremely developed and is the main mode of transportation in the United States. In 2011, transportation market scale in the United States was about 770 billion US dollars, of which truck transportation market scale exceeded 600 billion US dollars, accounting for about 80%. The volume of transportation and the value of goods delivered account for 70% of the total. The turnover of goods is second only to railway transportation, with an average annual growth rate of 2.5%, which is much higher than the overall growth rate of 0.8%, making it the fastest-growing sector.

The trucking market accounts for about 80% of transportation market scale.

Source: DOT, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, there are nearly 100,000 transportation enterprises in the United States with more than 1.3 million employees, of which more than 90% have fewer than 20 employees, and there are only more than 600 transportation enterprises with a scale of more than 500 employees, accounting for less than 1%. The fleet size is generally small, and more than 50% of the transportation enterprises are Owner-Operator, that is, there is only one truck, and only 6.3% of the enterprises have more than 100 trucks. This is similar to the main business situation of China freight market at present.

Number of employees in American transportation enterprises

Fleet size of American transportation enterprises

Source: US Department of Commerce (DOC), Industrial Securities Research Institute.

American trucking carriers are divided into non-public carriers and public carriers. Non-public carrier (In-Housefleet) means that production and retail enterprises own transport vehicles and operate them to meet their own transport needs, and generally do not provide transport services to the outside world. PublicCarriers are engaged in commercial transportation, and for the purpose of making profits, they are entrusted by the owner to provide transportation services and get paid.

American trucking market participants

Source: Industrial Securities Research Institute

According to the mode of transportation, public carriers can be divided into vehicle transport enterprises, LTL transport enterprises and road freight forwarders. The first two are truck companies based on heavy asset fleets, represented by YRCW and FedexFreight; The other is the road freight forwarder represented by Robinson Global Logistics. Many individual carriers provide transportation services for customers through the sales end of road freight forwarders or by joining large truck companies.

It can be seen that the developed infrastructure and high degree of intensification are the two major reasons for the high efficiency of highway logistics in the United States.

3.2, no car is better than a car, the inspiration of Robinson case: the ability to integrate information and resources is the core.

Robinson Logistics, founded in 1905, is the largest fourth party logistics company in the United States. The company is the representative of American car-free carriers. It doesn’t own trucks, but serves large shippers through the integration of many small and medium-sized fleets. Relying on value-oriented value-added services, exquisite business operations and advanced information systems, it has integrated 63,000 carriers and 46,000 shippers. In 2014, its operating income reached 13.471 billion US dollars, of which 80% came from road freight. At present, Robinson Logistics has become the first truck transportation company in the United States, basically monopolizing most of the road transportation resources in the United States, ranking seventh in global freight transportation; There are more than 218 branches in the world, of which the United States accounts for 158.

Robinson car-free transport mode

Source: Industrial Securities Research Institute

Robinson takes a completely light asset route. Instead of investing money in buying trucks and building logistics real estate, Robinson invests capital in the field of information technology, establishes TMS and Navisphere information platforms, and controls the transportation capacity through the information platform and remotely signs a cooperative enterprise logistics warehouse. By setting up technology-led outlets and branches offline, the online information platform will be connected with the needs and information of customers in offline areas. As a light asset enterprise, its human expenditure has also been greatly reduced. In 2014, Robinson only had 11,000 employees. Debon Logistics in China has more than 30,000 employees.

Robinson’s light asset operation mode and mature management mode make it have strong growth. Since the company went public in 1997, the average annual growth rate of main business income is 12.6%, while the average annual growth rate of net profit reaches 17.8%. In most years, the company’s net profit growth rate is higher than the income growth rate, and the company’s performance has the potential for sustained growth. Therefore, the development of the company does not need to be based on asset expansion, but by integrating local transportation resources, exporting technology and management, and opening up new customer markets, it will bring profits and long-term growth to the company.

The compound growth rate of the company’s net profit is higher than the income growth rate.

Source: Bloomberg, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

As the world’s largest fourth-party logistics company, Robinson’s revenue mainly comes from providing transportation and logistics services to suppliers, consulting services and payment services to customers. Robinson builds his value-added service system, such as supply chain analysis, transportation optimization, carrier management, big data services and business intelligence, and meets the needs of shippers and carriers through these high value-added solutions. Robinson does not charge the franchisees on the platform the joining fee, but charges the corresponding service fee through the solutions for different customers.

4. Future Outlook: The Ultimate Version of Car-Goods Matching?

4.1 What are the pain points of car-cargo matching?

The large-scale success of taxi-hailing software has made various funds intensively lay out the platform for car-cargo matching in the logistics industry, hoping to create a "drip taxi version of freight". According to incomplete statistics, more than 200 car-cargo matching APP taxi-hailing applications have been produced in one year, but there are few successful cases. Most car-cargo matching software has been criticized for relying on subsidies, untrue freight information and complicated transaction processes. Judging from the current situation, the reasons for the slow development of vehicle-cargo matching software are as follows:

1. Supply and demand information is difficult to standardize.

The information of the supply and demand sides in the taxi industry is very standard: cars are all cars with similar shapes, and the demand is the displacement of people, so it is very easy for the supply and demand sides to meet each other through the Internet.

However, when it comes to freight, the situation is much more complicated. Cars are different in length, load and power, and goods are also different in size and physical and chemical properties, which makes online matching much more complicated. Even if the information can be roughly matched, some personalized needs must be met and discussed (an interesting case: a consignor has a batch of fresh fruits to be transported, and a truck with the required load and size is found through the car-goods matching app, so that the driver can drive the car to the designated place. As a result, the consignor immediately cancels the intention because the truck has just been transported. Therefore, we see that many apps now only stay in the step of publishing information, and it is difficult to reach a trading intention without meeting.

2. Lack of integrity certification system

Road freight is a mixed market, and the general quality of employees is not high. It is difficult for many vehicle-cargo matching platforms to grasp the capital flow of freight transactions, because the proportion of logistics freight to the value of goods is still relatively low, and people are more accustomed to the traditional mode of paying with one hand and delivering with one hand.

3. Vehicles tend to have a stable supply of goods, and shippers prefer a stable transportation capacity, which makes it difficult for existing software to get involved in the mainstream market.

The capacity of individual trucks of about 14 million in China has seriously exceeded the demand for relatively scarce goods. At present, the trend of highway logistics is that vehicles tend to cooperate for a long time to ensure their high operating costs, so more and more individual vehicles are linked to the fleet; Shippers also tend to find long-term transportation capacity to ensure the stability of their logistics operation. And this long-term cooperative relationship has been established slowly, so the car-goods matching software has actually intervened in a relatively marginal market. Because of this, we will see more false information on the software, because the scarce real demand has already been spontaneously matched offline.

4.2 What mode does road freight need?

At the beginning of the report, we mentioned that the reason for the low efficiency of road freight transportation is information asymmetry. Therefore, the ideal state is that the waste of resources is zero: as soon as the goods leave the factory, there is a truck waiting at the door; And the truck will never be empty or stop for nothing, it will always go from A to B to C to D …, and it will be fully loaded in the process. In this ideal state, there will be no intermediary matchmaker and resources will match spontaneously. This is the ultimate mode of road freight.

However, under the condition that the current technology has not reached the above level, offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks will exist for a long time. The reason is that it is difficult to standardize the freight supply and demand information we mentioned earlier, and the matching platform must have physical entities that enable both parties to meet. This makes these offline matching platforms naturally have the ability to gather people and traffic, and only when they carry out technological innovation and model innovation with real matching scenes can they promote the transformation and development of the road freight industry. Just like our comment on the highway port: "The construction of the highway port is to eliminate the highway port in the future".

4.3 Investment strategy

According to our judgment, the highway logistics industry will have offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks for a long time, and they have the strongest ability to gather traffic and people in scattered industries. That is to say, they have a strong premium ability to shippers and car owners. As long as these offline entities try to continue to cut into the deeper value-added and financial needs of shippers and car owners, the profit model will continue to innovate.

In view of the fact that there are regional offline matching entities all over the country, we suggest paying attention to Chuanhua, which can take the lead in arranging and integrating the resources of logistics parks nationwide to form a highway and port network.

For details of Chuanhua shares, please refer to our in-depth report "Chuanhua Logistics-China Highway Integrators Reloaded into Battle" on July 3 this year.

● Related reading:

In the era of big data, the car-goods matching logistics APP triggered a big change.

However, the combination of eggs: the matching of vehicles and goods can not solve the problem of logistics park

Note: The content of this article is reproduced from other media, please respect the copyright and keep the source, and bear all legal responsibilities. Truck House published this article for the purpose of transmitting more information, which does not mean agreeing with its views or confirming its description, nor does it mean that this website is responsible for its authenticity. If you have any questions or doubts about the content of this manuscript, please contact Truck House immediately, and this website will give you a quick response and handle it.

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Education Department (Education Committee), Intellectual Property Office (Intellectual Property Management Department), Science and Technology Department (Committee, Bureau), Education Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Intellectual Property Office, Science and Technology Bureau, Education Department (Bureau) of relevant departments (units), Intellectual Property Management Agency, Science and Technology Department, and colleges and universities jointly established by the ministries and provinces:

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of the Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy, the level of creation, application and management of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities has been continuously improved, and the number of patent applications and authorizations has been greatly improved. However, compared with foreign high-level universities, there are still some problems in Chinese university patents, such as "emphasizing quantity over quality" and "emphasizing application over implementation". In order to comprehensively improve the quality of university patents, strengthen the creation, application and management of high-value patents, and give full play to the important role of universities in serving economic and social development, the following opinions are put forward.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, implement the deployment of the National Education Conference, adhere to the new development concept, closely follow the main line of high-quality development, thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property rights, comprehensively improve the quality of patent creation, utilization efficiency, management level and service ability of colleges and universities, promote new progress in scientific and technological innovation and discipline construction, and support the construction of a strong country with education, science and technology and intellectual property rights.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Adhere to quality first. Firmly grasp the requirements of high-quality development of intellectual property rights, adhere to quality priority, identify the breakthrough, enhance pertinence, and always run high-quality through the whole process of intellectual property creation, management and application in colleges and universities.

　　Highlight the transformation orientation. We should establish the idea that innovation value can only be realized by transforming scientific and technological achievements such as patents in colleges and universities, and that non-transformation is the biggest loss, and highlight the orientation of transformation and application, which will force the optimization and promotion of intellectual property management in colleges and universities.

　　Strengthen policy guidance. Give play to the important role of policies such as financial aid, evaluation and evaluation in promoting reform and guiding work, and establish and constantly improve various policies and measures that are conducive to improving patent quality and strengthening transformation and application.

　　(III) Main objectives

　　By 2022, the whole process management system of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities covering patent navigation and layout, patent application and maintenance, patent transformation and application will be more perfect, and it will be organically integrated with the scientific and technological innovation system of colleges and universities and the transfer and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements. By 2025, the patent quality of colleges and universities will be significantly improved, and the patent operation ability will be significantly enhanced. The patent authorization rate and implementation rate of some colleges and universities will reach the level of world-class universities.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) improve the intellectual property management system

　　1. Improve the overall coordination mechanism of intellectual property rights. Colleges and universities should set up a leading group for the management and operation of intellectual property rights or a leading group for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, coordinate scientific research, intellectual property rights, state-owned assets, personnel, transfer and transformation of achievements, libraries and other relevant institutions, actively implement the "Regulations on the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in Colleges and Universities" (GB/T 33251-2016), and form an overall coordination mechanism integrating scientific and technological innovation with intellectual property rights management and transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities that have set up leading groups for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements should bring intellectual property management into the scope of responsibilities of the leading groups.

　　2. Establish and improve the intellectual property management process of major projects. Colleges and universities should embody intellectual property management in all aspects of project selection, project establishment, implementation, conclusion, achievement transfer and transformation. Explore and establish a sound patent navigation mechanism around major national scientific research projects such as major scientific and technological innovation 2030 projects and key R&D plans. Before the project is established, patent information and literature information are analyzed, intellectual property risk assessment is carried out, the research technology route is determined, and the starting point of research and development is improved; During the implementation of the project, track the work trends in the research field of the project, adjust the research direction and technical route in a timely manner, evaluate the research results in a timely manner and form intellectual property rights; Before the acceptance of the project, we should take the transformation and application as the guide, do a good job in patent layout and technical secret protection, and form a list of intellectual property rights of the project results; After the completion of the project, strengthen the implementation of patent application and promote the transfer and transformation of achievements. Encourage colleges and universities to strengthen the layout of intellectual property rights in strategic emerging industries and related industries in major national economic fields around advantageous and characteristic disciplines, and strengthen the application for international patents.

　　3. Gradually establish the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities should strengthen the management and service of scientific and technological innovations from the source, and gradually establish and improve the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Scientific researchers should actively and timely disclose their post-related scientific and technological achievements to their universities. Colleges and universities should improve the legal risk awareness of scientific researchers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, guide scientific researchers to carry out scientific and technological achievements transfer and transformation activities according to law, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of colleges and universities. Without the permission of the unit, no one may use the scientific and technological achievements of his position to engage in the establishment of enterprises and other acts. The disclosure of scientific and technological achievements in classified positions should strictly abide by the relevant provisions on confidentiality.

　　(two) to carry out pre-application evaluation of patent.

　　4. Establish a pre-application patent evaluation system. Conditional colleges and universities should speed up the establishment of pre-patent application evaluation system, clarify the evaluation institutions and processes, cost sharing and incentives, and evaluate the technology to be patented, so as to decide whether to apply for a patent and effectively improve the quality of patent application. The evaluation work can be carried out by the intellectual property management department (technology transfer department) of our school or by the entrusted market-oriented institutions. For the post-service scientific and technological achievements that the evaluation institution considers unsuitable to apply for a patent after evaluation, and the losses caused to the university due to the abandonment of patent application, if the relevant responsible person has fulfilled the obligation of diligence and did not seek illegal interests, he may be exempted from the decision-making responsibility of giving up patent application according to the law and regulations. For the job-related scientific and technological achievements formed by projects entrusted by enterprises and other social organizations, the parties involved in the contract are allowed to decide independently whether to apply for patents.

　　5. Clear ownership of property rights and cost sharing. Colleges and universities are allowed to explore the ownership reform of service inventions, and give full play to the role of property rights incentives and cost sharing in accordance with the principle of equal rights and obligations to promote the quality of patents. Inventors may not use financial funds to pay patent fees.

　　After the patent application evaluation, inventors are encouraged to bear the patent fees for the post-service scientific and technological achievements that universities decide to apply for patents. If the university divides the ownership with the inventor, the inventor shall bear the patent fee in proportion to the property right. If the ownership is not divided, it is necessary to clarify the patent cost sharing and income distribution; If colleges and universities bear all the patent fees, the income from patent transformation will be distributed according to the established proportion after deducting the patent fees and other costs; If the inventor bears part or all of the patent fees, the patent fees and other costs shall be deducted from the income obtained from patent transformation, and the patent fees borne by the inventor shall be deducted twice and returned to the inventor, and then distributed according to the established proportion.

　　After the patent application evaluation, the university should conclude a written contract with the inventor to transfer the patent application right or patent right in accordance with legal procedures, and allow the inventor to apply for a patent on his own. After authorization, the patent right belongs to the inventor, and the patent expenses are borne by the inventor. After deducting the patent application and operation and maintenance expenses, the inventor will pay the income to the university according to the agreed proportion.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of specialized institutions and talent teams

　　6. Strengthen technology transfer and the construction of intellectual property operating institutions. Support qualified universities to establish specialized institutions integrating technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation, and guarantee personnel, venues and funds. Through the platform and pilot demonstration construction such as "National Intellectual Property Pilot Demonstration University", "University Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation and Technology Transfer Base" and "University National Intellectual Property Information Service Center", we will promote the construction of technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation system, and continuously improve the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements in universities. Encourage colleges and universities to explore the market-oriented operation mechanism and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of professional institutions and talents.

　　Support the construction of market-oriented intellectual property operating institutions and provide professional services such as intellectual property, legal consultation, achievement evaluation and project financing for universities. Encourage colleges and universities to cooperate with third-party intellectual property operation service platforms or institutions, and give intermediary service fees to third-party professional institutions from the proceeds from the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Encourage the combination of universities and localities, and set up industrial intellectual property operation centers around the industrial planning and layout of various localities and the academic advantages of universities.

　　7. Accelerate the construction of professional talents. Support colleges and universities to set up courses related to technology transfer and intellectual property operation, strengthen the construction of intellectual property related majors and disciplines, create a professional talent team of intellectual property management and technology transfer by combining introduction and education, and promote the construction of professional talent team. Encourage colleges and universities to set up expert committees on the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and introduce technical managers to participate in the whole process of the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, such as invention disclosure, value evaluation, patent application and maintenance, technology promotion and docking negotiation, so as to promote the application of patent transformation.

　　8. Establish an intellectual property management and operation fund. Support colleges and universities to raise funds to set up intellectual property management and operation funds through school grants, local awards, and the proceeds from the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, so as to entrust third-party professional institutions to carry out intellectual property management and operation such as patent navigation, patent layout and patent operation, as well as the construction of technology transfer professional institutions and talent teams, so as to form a good cycle of transformation benefits and promotion of transformation.

　　(D) Optimize the policy system

　　9. Improve the talent evaluation and employment system. Colleges and universities should be guided by quality and transformation performance, pay more attention to indicators such as patent quality and transformation application, and resolutely put an end to simply taking the amount of patent application and authorization as the assessment content and increase the weight of patent transformation application performance in policies such as title promotion, performance appraisal, post appointment, project completion, talent evaluation and scholarship evaluation. Support colleges and universities to independently set up a series of technical and management posts for technology transfer and transformation according to the relevant regulations on post setting management, and encourage researchers and managers to engage in the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　10. Optimize the incentive policy for patent funding. Colleges and universities should take optimizing patent quality and promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements as the guide, stop funding and rewarding patent applications, greatly reduce and gradually cancel the rewards for patent authorization, and reward inventors or teams by increasing the proportion of transformation income and other "post-subsidy" methods.

　　Third, organize the implementation

　　(1) Improve the working mechanism. The Ministry of Education, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the Ministry of Science and Technology shall establish a regular communication mechanism to study the patent application, authorization and transformation in colleges and universities in a timely manner. Colleges and universities should deeply understand the importance of further improving patent quality, adhere to quality first, actively promote the patent quality improvement work to be included in the important agenda, further improve the level of intellectual property work, and promote the creation and application of intellectual property rights. Other types of intellectual property management can be implemented with reference to this opinion.

　　(2) Strengthen policy guidance. The transfer and transformation performance of scientific and technological achievements, such as patent transformation, is regarded as an important indicator of dynamic monitoring, effectiveness evaluation and discipline evaluation of the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines. It is not only to assess the number of patents, but also to highlight the transformation and application. Select a number of universities to carry out professional intellectual property operation or technology transfer personnel training, and constantly improve the intellectual property operation and technology transfer capabilities of universities. China National Intellectual Property Administration strengthens the examination of patent applications and strictly controls the quality of patents. Oppose the publication and resolutely resist the ranking of patent applications and authorizations in colleges and universities.

　　(three) the implementation of record monitoring. Before the end of March each year, colleges and universities will record the patents that have been transformed and implemented in the form of license, transfer, price share or joint ownership with enterprises through the China National Intellectual Property Administration system. According to the filing situation, the Ministry of Education and China National Intellectual Property Administration publish the implementation of patent transformation in colleges and universities every year, and monitor the patent transactions. According to "Several Provisions on Standardizing Patent Application Behavior" (China National Intellectual Property Administration Decree No.75, 2017), abnormal patent applications in colleges and universities are monitored every quarter. For colleges and universities with more than 5 abnormal patent applications per quarter or with abnormal patent applications accounting for more than 5% of the total patent applications this year, China National Intellectual Property Administration will cancel its qualification to declare the China Patent Award next year.

　　(4) Innovative licensing model. Encourage colleges and universities to carry out patent implementation transformation by means of ordinary license, and improve the transformation efficiency. Support the innovation licensing model of colleges and universities, and patents that have been granted the patent right for three years and have not been implemented without justifiable reasons can determine the relevant licensing conditions, publish them through the relevant platform of national intellectual property operation, and open the license to the society within a certain period of time.

Ministry of Education China National Intellectual Property Administration Ministry of Science and Technology

February 3, 2020

Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, July 6th Title: The water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River has maintained Class II for three consecutive years.

Xinhua News Agency reporters Hui Xiaoyong, Li Siyuan and Tanaka Quan.

The reporter recently learned from a marching interview along the Yangtze River that with the continuous implementation of the great protection of the Yangtze River, the water ecological quality of the Yangtze River has improved significantly. According to the data of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, since 2020, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River has remained Class II for three consecutive years, and the Yangtze River, which was once "not seriously ill", has achieved "initial recovery after illness".

"The national control section of the main stream of the Yangtze River has reached Class II water quality for three consecutive years, which meets the drinking water standard." Xu Yi, director of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that overall, the health level of the water ecosystem in the Yangtze River Basin has improved year by year, and the ecological function has been significantly improved. The proportion of water quality section with Grade III in the Yangtze River Basin has increased from 81.8% in 2015 to 98.1% in 2022.

The Yangtze River, the mother river of the Chinese nation, has nourished thousands of waters and Qian Shan for thousands of years. Influenced by the extensive development mode for many years, "the Yangtze River is sick, and it is not very sick". In recent years, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the Yangtze River basin have placed the restoration of the Yangtze River ecology in an overwhelming position, successively implementing the "closing and moving" of chemical enterprises along the Yangtze River, tackling the key problems of comprehensive improvement of the Yangtze River coastline, and banning fishing in key waters of the basin for 10 years … Many times of "surgery" and several doses of "good medicine" have gradually solved a series of water ecological problems in the Yangtze River.

Up to now, a total of 60,000 kilometers of river and lake shorelines have been investigated in the Yangtze River basin, and more than 85,000 sewage outlets have been found, which has solved more than 42,000 problems of direct and disorderly sewage discharge. 1,703 centralized sewage treatment facilities were built in provincial and above industrial parks, and 752 problems such as imperfect sewage pipe network and abnormal operation of facilities were solved. 1054 tailings ponds with environmental problems have been rectified.

People don’t live up to rivers, and rivers will live up to people. At present, the Yangtze River, finless porpoises frequently appear, and the number has gradually increased to 1249, becoming the new favorite of cities along the Yangtze River; The frequency of the fish disappeared in the Yangtze River for many years increased rapidly. Coilia ectenes, one of the "Three Seasons of the Yangtze River", returned to Dongting Lake to lay eggs. In 2022, 193 species of fish were detected in key waters of the Yangtze River, an increase of 25 species compared with 2020.

Institutional changes related to the water ecological protection of the Yangtze River are also under way. At present, the Yangtze River basin is taking the lead in pilot water ecological assessment, which is another major progress and innovation in ecological protection.

"From focusing only on water quality in the past to focusing on water ecological changes now, it marks that the main task of water ecological protection in the Yangtze River has shifted from water pollution prevention to equal emphasis on overall water ecological protection and restoration." Xu Wei said.

Chinese Business Network March 25, 2017

　　As a new type of health care product, Lycium barbarum is deeply loved by many people, but how to identify it is confusing. Is it true that the price of "wild black wolfberry" in the market varies widely? The curiosity of Huashang Daily in this issue will take you to find the answer through experiments.

　　> > Market visits Black Lycium barbarum prices vary greatly, and sellers say it is wild.

　　Mr. Wang, a citizen, pays attention to health preservation. He heard that "Black Lycium barbarum" has a high anthocyanin content, and it has an antioxidant effect. When traveling abroad, he bought a box of black Lycium barbarum with a net content of 100 grams, which is worth 200 yuan. Calculated, it costs 2,000 yuan per kilogram. "It is said to be wild, but I don’t understand it. I don’t know how to identify it." Mr. Wang said that the price of black wolfberry in the market is generally high, but because of the lack of professional knowledge, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false and good and bad.

　　A reporter from Huashang Daily recently visited the market and found that the price of black wolfberry varies greatly. There are one kilogram from 60 yuan and 140 yuan on the Internet, one kilogram from 360 yuan and 400 yuan in the fruit wholesale market, and as high as 3,600 yuan per kilogram in the black wolfberry specialty store. The sellers all claim that they sell wild Lycium barbarum, which is produced in Xinjiang, Ningxia and Qinghai.

　　> > Experiments verify that the seller claims that the wild Lycium barbarum is not wild.

　　So are these black wolfberry really wild as the seller said? The reporter from Huashang Daily collected five samples of Lycium barbarum and identified them through experiments.

　　Experimental institution: College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University.

　　Experimenters: Teacher Li Ziyan, Ph.D. in Plant Nutrition, School of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, and reporter from Huashang Daily.

　　Experimental samples: Sample 1: Wild Lycium barbarum in Nuomuhong, Qinghai (provided by Teacher Li Ziyan); Sample 2: Hujiamiao Fruit Wholesale Market, one kilogram in 360 yuan, said by the merchant to be produced in Xinjiang; Sample 3: Hujiamiao Fruit Wholesale Market, one kilogram in 400 yuan, said by the merchant to be produced in Ningxia; Sample 4: Mr. Wang bought it at the airport, 2000 yuan a kilogram; Sample 5: Online shopping, one kilogram in 64 yuan, said by the merchant to be produced in Qinghai.

　　Experimental method:

　　At first glance, the wild Lycium barbarum L. has an irregular spiny petiole and is harder.

　　The first sample is dark purple, the fruits are different in size and irregular in shape, and the pulp is similar to the touch of raisins. There is a spiny petiole at the tail, which is hard and sharp, and there are three white flower-like dry leaves at the junction of petiole and pulp. The second sample is also dark purple, the fruit size is different and irregular, and the pulp is similar to the touch of raisins. There are also spiny petioles and three white dry leaves at the tail, but the spines are soft. The third sample is also dark purple, with irregular fruit sizes and hard pulp. There are also spiny petioles and three white dry leaves at the tail, but the spines are soft. Most of the four samples are normal pulp, but a small part is dry yellow dried fruit. Most of the five samples are dry yellow dried fruits, which are very regular in shape and similar to pepper grains. After crushing, many grains are larger, while the grains of other samples are very small.

　　Expert’s explanation: Teacher Li Ziyan said that wild Lycium barbarum is a kind of bush berry in wasteland, with sparse fruit, which is purple-black oblate fruit. Fresh fruit can only be preserved for one day after ripening, so the black wolfberry in the market is dried and dried. There will be extrusion in drying, so the real wild Lycium barbarum will be partly irregular, and the flesh is full and the seeds are very small. From the appearance, samples 2 and 3 should be planted black wolfberry, because the planted black wolfberry tree is shorter, so the thorns will be softer. Moreover, the planted black wolfberry will be bigger than the wild one because of the abundant nutrients such as sunlight. Sample four and sample five are adulterated, especially sample five, most of which are unknown small dried fruits, which can be judged as fake black wolfberry. It is worth reminding that the three petals of dry leaves and spiny petioles at the tail of wild Lycium barbarum must be white, but dyeing Lycium barbarum will first dye the three petals of dry leaves and spiny petioles black and purple.

　　Second taste: wild black wolfberry is slightly sweet and has wolfberry fragrance.

　　When the sample is chewed in the mouth, it feels like raisins, tastes slightly sweet and smells like medlar. After eating, the mouth and teeth will turn purple. Sample 2 and sample 3 taste sour, while Lycium barbarum tastes weak. After eating, the mouth and teeth will turn purple. Sample 4 will melt quickly in the mouth, basically tasteless, and the mouth and teeth will turn purple after eating. Sample 5 has no taste, the taste is very dregs, and the mouth will not be stained after eating.

　　Expert’s explanation: Teacher Li Ziyan said that because of the strong sunshine and large temperature difference in the wasteland, wild Lycium barbarum has a high sugar content and tastes sweet fruity and Lycium barbarum. It is worth reminding that although the fifth sample is not dyed after eating, it does not rule out that other dyed Lycium barbarum will dye its mouth and teeth after eating.

　　Three bubbles: wild Lycium barbarum "drawing" is slow.

　　Take five samples, about 10 capsules each, and put them into a cup filled with tap water. After soaking for a while, the first sample quickly turns into uniform blue, and the second sample is slightly purple, the third sample is blue, the fourth sample is blue and purple, and the fifth sample is dirty purple. After soaking, the pulp of sample 1 is still dark purple, the pulp of sample 2 and sample 3 is slightly pale, a few particles in sample 4 have turned white, and sample 5 is still yellow as before soaking.

　　Expert’s explanation: Teacher Li Ziyan said that Lycium barbarum is rich in anthocyanins, which is blue in weakly alkaline water (such as tap water and mineral water) and purple in weakly acidic water (such as purified water). No matter whether it is wild or planted, Lycium barbarum will have this characteristic. Wild Lycium barbarum L. has a high anthocyanin content, so the color is still blue-purple after four or five soaks. Ordinary cultivated Lycium barbarum L. has no color after two or three soaks, while fake Lycium barbarum L. has no color after one soak.

　　Take one of the five samples and put them into a cup filled with tap water respectively. After a while, the samples will slowly separate out blue vertical lines, which is called "drawing". Samples 2, 3 and 4 will separate out blue faster, and sample 5 will not separate out after separating out little blue.

　　Experts dispel doubts: Teacher Li Ziyan said that the flesh of wild Lycium barbarum is tight and the anthocyanin precipitates slowly; The tissue of planting Lycium barbarum is loose, so the drawing is fast; Fake black wolfberry does not contain anthocyanins, and some may be dyed, so blue will not precipitate soon.

　　Experimental results: the online shopping of black wolfberry is fake, and the fruit market is to grow black wolfberry.

　　Teacher Li Ziyan said that from the experimental results, it can be preliminarily judged that the online purchase of black Lycium barbarum is fake, which may be other small fruits with similar shapes, but only partially doped with black Lycium barbarum. The black wolfberry that Mr. Wang bought at the airport was also mixed with a few other small fruits. Black Lycium barbarum sold in fruit market should be planted black Lycium barbarum, not wild black Lycium barbarum.

　　Expert reminder

　　It is difficult to buy real wild Lycium barbarum at a low price.

　　See more and taste more when buying.

　　Teacher Li Ziyan said that many investors now contract the wild base of Lycium barbarum in the saline-alkali desert of Qinghai, and pick it from July to October every year, which can be picked three times a season. However, the distribution of wild Lycium barbarum is sparse, and the trees are thorny, so it can only be cut one by one with gloves and scissors. The yield is very low. Each person can only pick 6 kilograms of fresh fruit every day and finally make a catty of dried fruit. However, a person’s daily salary is about 100~200 yuan, and with the costs of maintenance, drying and sterilization, the cost of a catty of wild Lycium barbarum is at least 700 yuan. Due to the scarcity of resources, plus the optimization of large regular fruit types and hardcover, the market price of black wolfberry will be higher, reaching thousands of yuan, but it also depends on the market conditions. Therefore, it may not be the real wild Lycium barbarum bought at a low price, but it may be the black Lycium barbarum planted conventionally or the unqualified products mixed with other fruits. It is recommended that you see more and taste more when buying.

　　Teacher Li Ziyan also said that in terms of nutrient elements, there is not much difference between wild Lycium barbarum and cultivated Lycium barbarum, but the concentration of wild Lycium barbarum is higher, and the wild Lycium barbarum is dry and cold due to climatic conditions, and the cultivated Lycium barbarum is prone to produce pests and diseases, which will inevitably lead to pesticide residues.

　　Teacher Li Ziyan said that the variety of Lycium barbarum in China’s organic crop catalogue has been suspended for more than ten years. Due to the improvement of the organic management level of Lycium barbarum in China, Lycium barbarum is expected to return to China’s organic catalogue in 2017, and it is currently in the demonstration stage. At present, the organic Lycium barbarum on the market is mainly certified by foreign countries, which is mainly used for export and domestic sales.

　　She introduced that black wolfberry is rich in anthocyanins, containing sodium ions, potassium ions and minerals, which can tonify the kidney, nourish the liver, improve eyesight, blacken hair and resist oxidation. It is better to eat or drink on an empty stomach in the morning and at night, but it is not suitable for people with excessive internal heat and inflammation.

　　Original link: http://news.hsw.cn/system/2017/0325/702711_3.shtml#pic? rand=ZjQcGwTk

Edit: 0

Final review: 0

　　　　ZTE has always been committed to improving the user experience and has never compromised on the road of creating intelligence.On January 16th, 2018, ZTE did not fear the pressure of the full-screen storm, and launched the folding Axon M, which can "make" a bigger screen. Undeniably, the launch of the folding mobile phone promoted the dual development trend of "appearance" and "interactive mode" in the mobile phone industry, and pried open the novelty that Chinese had been addicted to for a long time. Now, if you are optimistic about this product and have the idea of buying Axon M in your pocket, let’s take a look at 10 questions you may care about first.

1、The benefits of folding screen, what can it do?

　　　　It can be said that ZTEOnce Axon M came out, it caused quite a stir in the industry, and many of them were mixed with some questioning voices: Is it a gimmick to fold a screen into two pieces?

　　　　What’s the use of this folding screen? In fact, the answer is also very simple, nothing more thanEnlarge the screen as the coreAnd the user experience is improved. A smaller body gives people a bigger screen at the same time.Shocking visual effect.

　　　　For everyday useStudent partyGenerally speaking, the display effect of the two models with 6.7 screens is indeed better than that of mainstream mobile phones. Whether reading web pages, comics, videos or e-books, the big screen is much better.

ZTE Axon M expansion model

　　　　Take myself as an example. The apps I use are the most friendly to folding mobile phones, such as HD, QQHD, and live broadcast, all of which have exclusive folding interfaces. The display is also much larger than the buttons of mainstream mobile phones.

Large keyboard more suitable for input in extended mode

　　　　Although there is no special folding screen optimization for other applications, the biggest advantage is that it is convenient to see anything, for example, it is much more comfortable to chat and watch.

Chat interface in extended mode

　　　　When you brush Zhihu, you can see more previews without clicking on the answer.

ZTE Axon M Brush Zhihu Q&A

ZTE Axon M Brush Zhihu Q&A

　　　　By the time of final review, it is much more comfortable to brush the courseware with a folding screen than with a mobile phone.

ZTE Axon M Brush Courseware

　　　　Brushing an American drama can also bring its own bracket function, and you can also use the mirror mode and the audio one-to-two-to-two connector to realize the double viewing mode, which is beautiful.

Mirror mode

　　　　The addition of the handle and enables users toHave a perfect present and recall a wonderful childhood..

The glory of the king handle operation/NDS Simulation in Extended Mode

　　　　In a word, everything is big and everything is comfortable. It’s more friendly to you, even if it’s a tablet.restoreAxon M, you can understand it as aFolding tablet computer.

　　　　And thanks to the larger plane area of the fuselage, the heat dissipation pressure is smaller, which is also beneficial compared with the mobile phone with the same configuration.

2、restoreIs Axon M suitable for business people?

　　　　with regard toBusiness peopleGenerally speaking,Axon　MThe role played by folding mobile phones is more inclined toImprove daily efficiency and quality of life.

　　　　As friends who have been to Guangzhou know, if you buy cakes, steamed buns and other breakfasts on the roadside early in the morning, small vendors often put them aside early, and few of them are selling them now. This is due to the fast-paced lifestyle in Guangzhou. There are too many young and capable business people who disdain to waste too much time on trivial things such as "eating" and "shopping".restoreAxon M’s folding mode can fit this fast-paced life atmosphere well, and open dual screens, so that users can communicate with customers and colleagues through WeChat while staring at stock prices:　　　　

Daily application of ZTE Axon M dual screen

　　　　One screen to open the data for analysis, one screen to write manuscripts, etc., easily realize multi-task intuitive display.

Daily application of ZTE Axon M dual screen

　　　　In the dual-screen mode, because the mobile phone is held horizontally, the input method occupies the lower side of the screen. If it is in the expansion mode, that is, two screens are combined into one screen, I guess the input method will be confused, which will make it difficult to input. I didn’t expect ZTE Axon M to skillfully optimize the input method, divide it into two sides, assign some letters to each thumb, and input the left and right thumbs with space buttons. This design is reminiscent of the well-known ergonomics 5kV-000 developed by Microsoft a few years ago.

ZTE Axon M vs Microsoft 5KV-00006 Sculpt

　　　　I have to admit that the original compact keyboard key design is convenient for typing input to some extent after it is slightly opened according to the input habits of fingers.

　　　　Nowadays, mobile phones have increasingly evolved into scientific and technological products to replace computers, and become the first choice weapon for mobile office. In the past, the work content such as writing PPT, text manuscript, and modifying copywriting, which could only be realized in computers, has now all been moved to mobile phones for application, and the birth of folding screens is like a dual display in a computer.Generate is convenient in light office and refined in high efficiency..

3、How about ZTE’s after-sales service?

　　　　ZTE has thousands of maintenance service centers all over the country, and provides services such as reservation service, sending repair service, maintenance progress inquiry, warranty policy, authenticity identification, etc. in official website, and sends them to after-sales experience stores for maintenance. The postage of mobile phones is free, whether within or outside the warranty period, and it is mailed by SF Express. It also has ZTE customer service APP, which can be said to be relatively comprehensive in today’s after-sales industry.

ZTE’s after-sales service project

　　　　In addition, when I browsed the Baidu Post Bar of ZTE, I also found that there will be ZTE’s official customer service to answer questions and reply below each post. Generally speaking, ZTE’s after-sales service is very powerful.

The key function of the car networking technology is the driver, who can remotely control the car and monitor the safety of the car through mobile devices. Therefore, the car networking platform and the user’s APP form a complete car networking system.

In 1996, General Motors cooperated with Motorola Motor Company to launch the first networked car equipped with OnStar system. By using OnStar’s push-to-talk voice calling function, the owner will route the call to the call center in case of road emergency, so that professional staff can arrange emergency rescue. With the passage of time, the technology of car networking has been continuously upgraded, and it has gradually matured until today.

A typical example:

Car owners need to check whether the car can be locked when they leave the parking space. The car networking system enables car owners to ensure that their doors are locked by simply accessing the application on their mobile phones.

The key function of the car networking technology is the driver, who can remotely control the car and monitor the safety of the car through mobile devices. Therefore, the car networking platform and the user’s APP form a complete car networking system.

Each vehicle is connected to the vehicle networking system as an independent individual. The central control system, gateway system and electronic control system of the vehicle are the important hardware foundation of the vehicle networking. The central control system, gateway system and electronic control system are mainly composed as follows:

• Central control system:Air conditioning control system, vehicle entertainment information system, vehicle navigation and positioning system;
• Gateway system:T-Box (mainly including GPS/AGPS, SIM and some low-power GPS with its own power supply);
• Electronic control system:Automobile digital instrument, body control module BCM, battery management system BMS, driving computer ECU, engine management system EMS…… …

The main functions of the vehicle networking platform include vehicle information management, vehicle monitoring, vehicle control and statistical analysis of vehicle data.

• Information management:Model, T-Box, battery, sensor, SIM card, etc.
• Vehicle monitoring:Location, fault, CAN data, etc.
• Vehicle control:Control of car locks, doors, lights, windows, etc.
• Statistics:Speed, power, mileage, fault, etc.

The user APP can directly interact with the data of the car networking platform, or transfer the data to the car networking platform through a third-party business platform. The main function of the user APP is vehicle control, and the body system of car locks, doors, lights and windows is controlled.

The vehicle-mounted device controller and the vehicle-mounted T-Box form a local area network, and the vehicle-mounted T-box can access the Internet, so the vehicle-mounted device, the vehicle networking platform and the user’s mobile phone APP can interact with each other.

（1）CAN BUS

• High-speed CAN bus:The speed can reach 500kb/s, and the transmission information is large and the speed is fast. It is used to drive the system, and it is mainly connected with the driving system such as engine control unit, ABS control unit, airbag control unit and instrument cluster.
• Low speed CAN bus:The speed is 100kb/s, which is used in the car body system, and it is mainly connected with the car body system that does not require high data transmission rate, such as central locking, electric doors and windows, rearview mirror and interior lighting.

At present, the CAN bus connection modes in automobiles mainly include high-speed and low-speed CAN buses. In addition, there are some buses such as entertainment systems or intelligent communication systems in middle and high-class cars, and their transmission rates are higher, which can exceed 1 MB/s.

（2）OBD

OBD can monitor engine, catalytic converter, particulate trap, oxygen sensor, emission control system, fuel system, EGR and other systems and components.

• The OBD is connected to the electronic control unit ECU through various components information related to emissions, and the ECU can detect and analyze emissions-related faults;
• When there is an emission fault, ECU records the fault information and related codes, and sends out a warning through the fault light to inform the driver;
• ECU ensures the access and processing of fault information through standard data interface.

(3)I/O hardware

I/O hardware control vehicle is a part of the system that controls the vehicle by closing the relay, which is mainly used to modify the vehicle. Because the CAN protocol of the vehicle main engine factory can’t be obtained, we can only modify the vehicle, use T-Box to directly connect with some systems, and control the relay in the middle.

The vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform can connect the vehicle-mounted T-Box to the Internet through the 2G, 3G and 4G network cards installed on the T-Box, and report the real-time state data of the vehicle to the vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform in the form of messages, and the vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform also actively issues instructions to the T-Box to control the vehicle.

(1) The uplink data reported by the vehicle to the vehicle networking platform includes vehicle status (vehicle status, operation mode, vehicle speed, mileage, gear position, accelerator pedal stroke value and brake pedal status), positioning data (longitude, latitude, speed, etc.), BCM status (central locking, trunk, window, lights, horn, door and other body parts) and EAS status (air conditioning status, AC).

The methods of reporting data mainly include:

• Periodically, T-Box actively reports the state data of vehicles at regular intervals;
• Trigger reporting, when some state data of the vehicle changes, T-Box reports the vehicle data, for example, when the vehicle starts;
• Immediately call for reading, the vehicle networking platform actively inquires about the data, issues the command to obtain the data, and the T-Box immediately feeds back the vehicle status data;
• Feedback reporting: after the control command is issued through the vehicle networking platform, the execution result of the command is fed back.

(2) Downlink instructions issued by the vehicle networking platform to vehicles mainly include vehicle control (switch control of doors, windows, air conditioning, central control, lights, trunk, motor, etc.) and air conditioning control (switch, wind speed, cold and hot, wind direction, air volume, etc.), which are divided into the following three steps:

• The vehicle networking platform sends instructions to the t-box;
• T-Box sends instructions to the vehicle system;
• The execution result is fed back to the vehicle networking platform.

At present, users can directly interact with the car networking platform through the mobile APP, or interact with an independent business platform first, and then the business platform interacts with the car networking platform. This method is mostly used for time-sharing leasing. The user can issue control instructions for the vehicle and the acquired state data of the vehicle.

(1) Control instruction

Users control vehicles through APP, mainly including locks, doors, windows, trunks and air conditioners.

(2) Status data

The user needs to obtain the state data of the vehicle mainly including the real-time state of the lock, door, window, trunk and air conditioner and the feedback information of the result of issuing control instructions.

Bluetooth communication between vehicle and mobile phone mainly prevents the vehicle from controlling the vehicle by mobile phone through the network in the scene of no signal, so Bluetooth communication between vehicle and mobile phone mainly realizes the door lock control and start authorization of the vehicle.

(1) Static binding

Static binding is suitable for the use of private cars, and one-to-one long-term binding of mobile phones and vehicles.

• When vehicle information is entered on the vehicle networking platform, the Bluetooth information and MAC address of the mobile phone are entered, and the information is sent to the vehicle-mounted T-Box, and the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth information is sent to the mobile phone, thus completing the Bluetooth binding between the vehicle and the mobile phone.
• The mobile phone applies to bind the car Bluetooth, sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the car networking platform, and then the car networking platform forwards it to the car T-box, and sends the car Bluetooth information entered into the car networking platform in advance to the mobile phone to complete the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the vehicle.

(2) Dynamic binding

• When the vehicle-mounted SIM card has a signal, the mobile phone applies to bind the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth, sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the vehicle networking platform, which then forwards it to the vehicle T-box, and sends the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth information entered into the vehicle networking platform in advance to the mobile phone, thus completing the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the vehicle;
• When there is no signal from the car SIM card, the mobile phone applies for binding the car Bluetooth, and sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the car networking platform, which forwards it to the car T-box, but it is unacceptable. At this time, the Bluetooth pairing information stored in the car networking platform and generated by the last car can be sent to the user’s mobile phone to complete the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the car. In this way, every time the Bluetooth pairing information is used, a new pairing information is generated.

A few decades ago, you might not have imagined the Internet of Things in your life or the connected cars running on the highway.

However, today, the car, the car networking platform, the user APP and the data interaction among them form a complete car networking system. All this is happening now, and the future days are full of many possibilities. We have reason to believe that the Internet of Things will have a great impact on the automobile industry, mobile Internet enterprises and consumer groups.

　

This article was originally published by @ Dream by Dream. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.