On October 2nd, 2015, as a RMB clearing bank in Hungary, Bank of China held a launching ceremony in Budapest, Hungary. The bank became the first RMB clearing bank in Central and Eastern Europe.

　　People’s vision

　　The new immigrant village building (left) in Pajing Village, Meng wei county, Luang Prabang Province, Laos, built by China Power Construction Group Laos Southern Europe River Basin Power Generation Co., Ltd., has greatly improved the living environment of local villagers. The picture on the right shows the old house before relocation.

　　On August 27, 2015, local workers installed solar panels at ZTE’s 900 MW photovoltaic ground power station in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The total investment of the power station is more than 1.5 billion US dollars, which is one of the priority projects of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

　　Xinhua news agency

　　Chen Jianqi (Deputy Director of the World Economic Office of the Institute of International Strategy of the Central Party School, main member of the G20 Finance and Economics Research Group of Peking University, G20 expert of the Ministry of Finance)

　　Xin li (doctoral supervisor of Beijing Normal University, main member of G20 Finance and Economics Research Group of Peking University, G20 expert of Ministry of Finance)

　　Li Yuanfang (Secretary-General, International Finance Research Center, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

　　Advocate the construction of a new international financial order and transcend the existing conflicts of interest in terms of ideas and patterns.

　　Chen Jianqi: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are two important international financial institutions at present. Together with GATT (the predecessor of the World Trade Organization), they constitute the three pillars of the Bretton Woods system. After World War II, the international financial system has been dominated by developed countries such as the United States, and this phenomenon has not changed substantially so far. Nevertheless, the progress made by China in recent years in promoting the adjustment of the international monetary and financial system and preventing global financial risks cannot be underestimated.

　　First of all, China, together with other emerging economies, called on international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank to reform their governance mechanisms, so as to push the IMF to transfer more than 6% of the voting rights to emerging developing countries and countries that are under-represented, thus steadily increasing the voting rights of emerging developing economies. China’s voting rights in the IMF rose to the third place in the world. In recent years, China has repeatedly appointed personnel to hold senior official positions in the IMF and the World Bank, and the number of China employees in the two organizations has also increased. These changes are a more representative embodiment of the international financial governance mechanism.

　　Secondly, the internationalization of RMB accelerated last year, especially the entry into the SDR currency basket became a landmark event, which is of great significance for optimizing the international monetary system. The RMB exchange rate market fluctuated greatly in the second half of last year, but China took active measures to deal with the risks, and the current exchange rate has gradually shown two-way fluctuations. At the same time, China, together with other countries, advocated the implementation of responsible macro-policies through the G20 Summit to prevent countries from adopting competitive devaluation. All these are of positive significance to the current global financial governance and financial risk prevention.

　　Xin li: Since the international financial crisis, China has not only vigorously advocated the construction of a new international financial order on multilateral occasions, including the G20, but also put this idea into practice through its own actions. First of all, the AIIB is an important measure for China to improve the existing international financial order. The AIIB is not only widely representative, but also creates a new situation in promoting global financial cooperation, especially intergovernmental financial cooperation, which indicates that the international financial system has begun to issue the voice of China. Secondly, the establishment of RMB international settlement center, the opening of RMB cross-border payment system, and the entry of RMB into SDR currency basket all mark the steady progress of RMB internationalization. Thirdly, as a new mechanism created in the field of international finance, the BRICS New Development Bank is also a perfection of the old international financial order. Finally, Chiang Mai initiated the multilateralization mechanism and the establishment of the Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) between ASEAN and China, Japan and Korea (10+3), which became the "Asian version" of the International Monetary Fund and played the role of regional financial stability anchor.

　　At present, the international financial center is gradually shifting from the west coast of the Atlantic to the west coast of the Pacific. This means the change of the global financial system with the dissolution of old financial interests and the weaving of new financial interests as the main contents. China is actively participating in this change and actively safeguarding the fundamental interests of developing countries in the process.

　　Li Yuanfang: The international financial crisis in 2008 exposed the deficiency and inadaptability of the old global economic governance in solving global imbalances, stabilizing the global financial system and preventing global financial risks. The era of globalization and the global economic structure have put forward extensive reform requirements for global economic governance, including reforming the international financial institutions under the original Bretton Woods system to make them play more effective global functions; Reforming the international monetary system to reduce systemic risks and promote global economic development; Global cooperation strengthens the supervision of transnational financial institutions and prevents moral hazard.

　　The reform of global economic governance order involves the relative changes of existing rights and responsibilities of countries, which will inevitably lead to complex contradictions and conflicts. If it is not handled properly, the reform may be stagnant. At the same time, it takes time to develop more fair, just and effective global governance. How to make a smooth transition and gather determination and confidence for further development requires the guidance and efforts of key participants. Due to China’s huge size and rapid rise in the global economic system, China is a stakeholder and a key actor in the global economic governance transition, and faces very complicated relationship problems. From the current practice, we can see that China has responded to these challenges with a very positive and pragmatic attitude. On the one hand, it has maintained enough respect and attention to the existing order and institutions. On the other hand, it has never been passive at critical moments, dared to innovate, and surpassed the existing conflicts of interest in terms of ideas and patterns, forming a favorable reform situation.

　　Mechanisms such as the AIIB and the BRICS New Development Bank have made the multilateral financial system more perfect.

　　Chen Jianqi: Multilateral international financial institutions have become important financing platforms in terms of infrastructure gaps in major economies such as Asia and the promotion of global economic growth. However, multilateral financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank mainly focus on poverty alleviation assistance, while multilateral development financial institutions such as the AIIB and the BRICS New Development Bank initiated by China focus on infrastructure, making the multilateral financial system more perfect.

　　The establishment of the AIIB gave birth to an Asian multilateral development bank system with the participation of developed countries outside the US-led system, and adjusted the ecology of Asian multilateral development banks dominated by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, which is of great significance to China’s participation in global economic governance.

　　Xin li: As a new regional international financial institution, the AIIB is not a substitute for the original international financial institutions, but a remedy for its deficiency in meeting the capital needs of developing countries. On the one hand, the AIIB is more open, free and inclusive. As an international multilateral financial institution spanning Asia, Europe and Latin America, the AIIB will undoubtedly have an impact on the dollar-dominated international financial system formed after World War II, and developing countries represented by China may become an important pole in the international financial system. On the other hand, the AIIB can help countries along the "Belt and Road" to continuously deepen interconnection construction, improve investment capacity and diversify investment risks in the "Belt and Road" region. "One Belt, One Road" is a new regional cooperation arrangement based on interconnection and aiming at regional common prosperity. Its concept of openness and tolerance determines that the AIIB will not only not challenge or replace the current international order, but also be able to work in parallel with the current regional economic cooperation mechanism and complement each other.

　　Li Yuanfang: It must be admitted that the reform process within the existing framework of global economic governance has greatly touched the old interests, so the reform is bound to be difficult and slow and needs a major opportunity to promote. The growth of emerging economies does not suddenly appear. China’s initiative of the AIIB and the BRICS New Development Bank jointly initiated by other BRICS countries are efforts to improve global economic governance outside the existing framework. On the one hand, they fill the gaps and shortcomings in the existing global economic governance, on the other hand, they are also of great significance to encourage and promote the reform and development of the original institutions.

　　The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area has pointed out the direction for promoting the integration of rules in the field of international trade and investment.

　　Chen Jianqi: The 13th Five-Year Plan proposal comprehensively expounds China’s concept of promoting open development and achieving win-win cooperation from the aspects of perfecting the strategic layout of opening up, forming a new system of opening up, promoting the construction of the Belt and Road, actively participating in global economic governance, and actively assuming international responsibilities and obligations. Although specific governance rules related to win-win cooperation have yet to be formulated, it is certain that win-win cooperation constitutes the core thinking of China’s China plan to participate in global economic governance.

　　Xin li: Since the new century, the development of globalization is increasingly manifested in the refinement of different processes, sections and links in the process of product production and supply and the optimal allocation of spatial areas. In this process, the status of China and some emerging economies as "world factories" will continue to rise, and they will undertake more division of commodity production, thus demanding a larger world market. Economic and trade integration in the Asia-Pacific region came into being.

　　With the increasing global influence of China, it is bound to have broader and deeper economic and trade exchanges and cooperation with its trading partners. Allocating domestic and international resources and coordinating domestic and international markets will not only endow China’s economic development with richer connotations, but also profoundly affect the situation of economic globalization and multipolarization of the world economy. Therefore, it is not only in line with China’s interests, but also the practical needs of regional countries to achieve long-term development to establish a broader regional cooperation mechanism and promote the continuous extension of regional and even global production chains. The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area advocated and promoted by China is more inclusive, which is a concrete measure for China to contribute "China wisdom" to build a new pattern of opening up the Asia-Pacific region and achieve win-win regional development.

　　Li Yuanfang: Due to the development of global value chain trade, the development of multilateral trade and investment governance framework such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) is facing more and more difficulties. At present, there is a trend of regional, bilateral and plurilateral trade and investment governance in the field of global trade and investment, and the fragmentation of governance rules in the Asia-Pacific region is obvious, with the emergence of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) promoted by the United States and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) led by ASEAN and actively participated by China. If TPP is independent of the existing rules system and absorbs members on the new high-standard platform, RCEP is more integrated, open and gradual. This cooperation is committed to narrowing the development gap among participating countries and achieving maximum mutual benefit in the implementation of the agreement, taking into account high-level goals and gradual implementation. These are two different ideas, and the latter is more inclusive. There is a certain competitive relationship between them, but different ideas also mean that they have the potential of complementarity and strategic interaction.

　　The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area promoted by China is not only compatible and coordinated with the WTO multilateral trading system, but also regards TPP and RCEP as possible realization paths, with higher-level integration, so as to unify the opening process of the Asia-Pacific region and reduce the market segmentation that may be caused by the fragmentation mechanism. This has pointed out an important direction for promoting the integration of rules in the field of international trade and investment.

　　The "Belt and Road" construction is an important practice of China’s characteristic openness.

　　Chen Jianqi: Promoting the "Belt and Road" construction is a concrete practice of China’s win-win cooperation and opening-up concept. While promoting the economic and trade development of countries and regions along the route, it is also expected to build a win-win regional governance system in this region. In the long run, the "Belt and Road Initiative" will inevitably face the problem of docking with TPP and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP).

　　Xin li: From an economic point of view, the Belt and Road Initiative is not only conducive to the integration and development of China and countries along the Belt and Road, but also conducive to global economic recovery and sustainable growth in the post-crisis era.

　　On the one hand, the "Belt and Road" spans Asia, Europe and Africa and involves dozens of countries, connecting the active East Asian economic circle with the developed European economic circle. In fact, based on its existing economic aggregate, trade scale, foreign exchange reserves and increasing overseas investment and development financing, China can do more to promote the globalization process and improve the world economic governance system, and the implementation of the "Belt and Road" will play a positive role in this regard. On the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative can promote regional economic integration through closer cooperation among countries, form new production networks and consumer markets, enhance the international competitiveness of industrial economies in Asian countries, and inject new impetus into global economic recovery in the post-crisis era.

　　Li Yuanfang: Under the background of weak global economic growth and the urgent need for a breakthrough, improving regional infrastructure and comprehensively promoting trade, investment and financial cooperation are of great value to improving the efficiency of regional resource allocation and promoting economic development. This is the fundamental reason why countries and regions along the "Belt and Road" have maintained very high attention and enthusiasm for it.

　　The "Belt and Road" construction is an important field to practice the openness with China characteristics of "co-operation, co-construction and sharing". In the process of transformation from a participant in the international system to a provider of public goods, China will inevitably face difficulties, such as investment income protection and investment security, financing channels and risk management, and relations with local governments and people. On the basis of learning from the experience of relevant countries, China adheres to the concept of common prosperity and solves these problems more creatively, which will not only bring remarkable economic achievements, but also contribute China’s best practices to global economic governance and support the substantive progress of bilateral and multilateral relations with concrete cooperation.

　　(Interviewed by our reporters Li Yan and Meng Xianglin)

In order to actively respond to the pneumonia epidemic in novel coronavirus and minimize the spread risk of the epidemic, the Taxation Bureau of Xizang Autonomous Region City, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, according to the principle of "doing it online as much as possible", and aiming at the hot issues of online taxation that taxpayers are concerned about, compiled the "Answers to Hot Issues of Non-contact Tax Payment in Tibet Taxation". Taxpayers can rely on three types of "non-contact" tax payment service channels, such as electronic taxation bureau of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau, electronic taxation bureau of natural persons and social security fee management client of the unit, to handle all major tax-related payment matters.

[Answers to Hot Questions of Electronic Taxation Bureau]

1. How to quickly enter the electronic tax bureau to handle tax-related business?

A: Taxpayers visit the portal website of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau (http://xizang. chinatax.gov.cn/) through the browser, and click "Electronic Taxation Bureau" on the home page to jump in. In case of any problems during use, you can directly call the hotline marked at the bottom of the homepage of the Electronic Taxation Bureau for consultation.

2. What tax functions does the electronic tax bureau mainly include?

A: The electronic tax bureau mainly includes five functions: My Information, I want to do tax, I want to inquire, Interactive Center and Public Service. Among them:

"My Information" is used to provide taxpayers with their own basic information and account management. Including taxpayer information, taxpayer electronic data access and maintenance, user management and user login and other specific functions.

"I want to pay taxes" is used to provide taxpayers with tax-related matters. Including taxpayer’s comprehensive information report, invoice use, declaration and payment of various taxes and fees, tax relief, certificate issuance, tax refund processing, tax administrative licensing, verification processing, VAT deduction voucher management, tax escrow fund collection, advance pricing arrangement negotiation and signing application, tax credit, tax-related professional service organization management, and legal accountability and relief matters.

"I want to inquire" is used to provide status inquiry to taxpayers. Including tax progress and result information, invoice information, declaration information, payment information, tax arrears information, preferential information, quota verification, violation of laws and regulations, certification information, tax-related intermediary information, tax credit status, electronic data and other specific functions.

The "interaction center" is used for information interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers. Taxpayers can get all kinds of news pushed by tax authorities and customized by taxpayers, as well as reminders involving risks, credit and to-do items; And realize online booking tax and tax collection interaction. Including my to-do list, my reminder, tax appointment, online interaction, tax evaluation, taxpayer demand and other specific functions.

"Public service" is used to provide taxpayers with services such as tax authorities’ notice and announcement, consultation and counseling, and public information inquiry, and can be used directly without registration and login. Including announcements, mainly including announcements of policies and regulations, announcements of major tax violations, announcements of A-level taxpayers with credit rating, announcements of tax arrears, and announcements of information of tax-related professional service organizations; Auxiliary tax, mainly including taxpayer school, tax policy and interpretation, tax guide, operating rules, download service, hot issues, key topics, tax map, tax calendar; Public information inquiry mainly includes invoice status, major tax violation cases, A-level taxpayers with credit rating, tax arrears, certification information, information inquiry of tax-related professional service institutions and other specific functions.

In addition, the electronic tax bureau also provides some one-click entry:

"My To-Do List" can provide information such as messages, notices, reminders of to-do items actively pushed by tax authorities to taxpayers.

"I want to make an appointment" can make an appointment for online and offline tax matters.

In the Notice Announcement, you can directly inquire about tax-related notices, important reminders, announcements and other documents and information issued by tax authorities to taxpayers and the public.

"Personalized service" can handle personalized tax matters such as tax packages, customized services and innovative services.

3. How to check the latest changes in the levy period and declaration period of various taxes and fees?

A: Taxpayers do not need to register and log in. They can check the start and end dates of tax declaration and payment by selecting "Public Service", entering "Consultation and Counseling" and then selecting "Tax Calendar".

4. If taxpayers have difficulties in filing, how can they apply for extension of filing?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can choose "I want to do tax" to enter "Approval of Taxpayers’ Delayed Declaration", fill in and submit the Approval Form for Delayed Declaration Application and the Application Form for Tax Administrative License. After the tax authorities have completed the examination and approval, taxpayers can obtain the information of the examination and approval results, and query and print the acceptance results. Taxpayers can also log in and select "I want to inquire" to enter the "information inquiry of tax progress and results" to inquire about the progress and results of handling.

5. If taxpayers have difficulty in paying taxes, how can they apply for an extension of tax payment?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can select "I want to pay taxes" to enter the "Approval of Taxpayers’ Deferred Payment of Taxes", fill in and submit the Application Form for Deferred Payment of Taxes and the Application Form for Tax Administrative License. After the tax authorities have completed the examination and approval, taxpayers can obtain the information of the examination and approval results, and query and print the acceptance results. Taxpayers can also log in and select "I want to inquire" to enter the "information inquiry of tax progress and results" to inquire about the progress and results of handling.

6. How do taxpayers apply for tax relief?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can choose "I want to pay taxes" and enter "tax relief" to handle tax relief filing and tax relief approval. After the completion of the tax authorities, taxpayers can obtain the result information, and query and print the acceptance results. Taxpayers can also log in and select "I want to inquire" to enter the "information inquiry of tax progress and results" to inquire about the progress and results of handling.

7. How can taxpayers apply for not adding late fees?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can enter the "general tax refund (credit) management" by selecting "I want to pay taxes", and then select "No application for late payment", fill in and submit relevant information according to the system prompts, upload the required information, and after the tax authorities have completed the audit, taxpayers can obtain the result information. Taxpayers can also log in and select "I want to inquire" to enter the "information inquiry of tax progress and results" to inquire about the progress and results of handling.

8. What matters can the newly-opened taxpayers handle in a "non-contact" way?

Answer: Newly-opened taxpayers can choose to enter the "Newly-opened Taxpayer Package Service" through the electronic tax bureau, and handle the registration and account opening of the electronic tax bureau, the confirmation of registration information, the filing of financial accounting system and accounting software, the account number report of taxpayers’ deposit accounts, the registration of general VAT taxpayers, the verification of invoice types, the examination and approval of the maximum invoicing limit of special VAT invoices, the real-name taxation, the initial issuance of special equipment for the VAT tax control system, and the receipt of invoices. In the specific handling, taxpayers can selectively complete the above-mentioned matters according to their own situation and relevant tips.

9. How do taxpayers apply for invoicing and voiding invoicing?

Answer: Small-scale taxpayers (including self-employed) who have registered for tax and other taxpayers who can issue special VAT invoices on their behalf can apply for issuing special VAT invoices by selecting "I want to do tax" after logging in.

For taxpayers who meet the conditions of issuing VAT general invoices, they can apply for issuing VAT general invoices by selecting "I want to do tax" and entering "Issuing VAT general invoices" after logging in.

After the issuance, the electronic tax bureau pushes information to inform taxpayers to collect invoices. If it is sent by mail, the tax authorities will push the distribution information to taxpayers.

After the tax authorities issue invoices on behalf of taxpayers, if the taxpayers need to void the invoices in case of sales return or sales discount, they can select "I want to do tax" after logging in, enter "Void Invoicing on behalf of taxpayers", and submit an application for void invoicing and relevant attached materials, which can be voided after the tax authorities complete the audit.

10. How to declare and pay VAT and additional taxes?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can complete the declaration and payment of value-added tax and additional taxes by selecting "I want to pay taxes", then selecting "Declaration of value-added tax and additional taxes (fees)". If multiple kinds of taxes and fees, such as value-added tax, consumption tax, additional tax (fee) and cultural undertakings construction fee, are involved, you can choose to enter the "Joint Declaration and Payment Package of Main and Supplementary Taxes" to complete the declaration of value-added tax, consumption tax, additional tax (fee), cultural undertakings construction fee and the corresponding tax (fee) payment.

11. How to declare and pay consumption tax and additional taxes?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can complete the declaration and payment of consumption tax and additional taxes by selecting "I want to pay taxes", then selecting "Declaration of consumption tax and additional taxes (fees)".

12. How to sign a tripartite agreement online?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can choose "I want to pay taxes", enter "Other Services" and enter the "Tripartite Agreement on Online Signing", and fill in and submit relevant bank information and taxpayer information. According to the prompt information, the taxpayer contacts the bank to complete the follow-up business. At present, some deposit banks can complete the tripartite agreement online signing.

13. How do taxpayers change their tax registration information?

Answer: Taxpayers can choose "I want to do tax" after logging in, and according to the taxpayer’s category, they can enter "one photo, one household information change", "two certificates integrated individual industrial and commercial households information change" or "tax registration information change", fill in and submit the Change Tax Registration Form and related attached materials to complete the change of tax registration information.

14. How do taxpayers apply for the qualification registration of VAT general taxpayers?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can select "I want to pay taxes", enter the "Comprehensive Information Report", then select "Qualification Information Report", enter the "VAT General Taxpayer Registration", fill in and submit the "VAT General Taxpayer Registration Form" to complete the registration of VAT general taxpayers. Taxpayers can log in and select "My Information" to enter "Taxpayer Information" to view the effective qualification information.

15. How do taxpayers apply for cancellation?

Answer: Taxpayers can choose to enter the Package of Tax Clearance and Cancellation (Fees) Declaration and Payment by logging into the Electronic Taxation Bureau, and complete the filing of enterprise income tax liquidation, the declaration of value-added tax and additional taxes, the declaration of consumption tax and additional taxes, the declaration of enterprise income tax, other declarations, comprehensive declarations, the submission of financial statements and the payment of taxes respectively according to the types of taxpayers.

16. How do taxpayers who need to cancel apply for the declaration and tax payment of the tax (fee) that should be declared in the cancellation period?

Answer: Taxpayers who have no outstanding taxes and fines and fail to declare within the time limit can choose to enter the "Package of Tax Clearance and Cancellation (Fees) Declaration and Payment" by logging in to the provincial electronic tax bureaus, and handle the current period [cancellation of the previous period of the current month (quarter, year), and the date of cancellation application is within the levy period declared in the previous period] and cancellation of the period [cancellation of the period of the current month (quarter, year)]. At the same time, for taxpayers who have identified corporate income tax categories, in addition to branches, they can also complete the enterprise liquidation income tax declaration.

17. What should taxpayers do if they need to adjust the regular quota?

Answer: If taxpayers need to adjust the fixed quota, they can choose "I want to do tax" after logging in, enter "Fixed-term households apply for verification and adjustment of quota", fill in and submit the Approval Form for Verification and Approval of Individual Industrial and Commercial Households’ Quota and related attached materials. After the tax authorities have completed the examination and approval, taxpayers can obtain the information of the examination and approval results, and view and print the acceptance results in the electronic tax bureau.

18. How do taxpayers apply for tax refund?

A: Taxpayers can enter the "General Tax Refund (Refund) Management" by selecting "I want to pay taxes" after logging in, and fill in and submit the Tax Refund (Refund) Application Form. After the tax authorities have completed the examination and approval, taxpayers can obtain the information of the examination and approval results. After logging in, taxpayers can also select "I want to inquire" of the electronic tax bureau and enter "Information Inquiry on Tax Progress and Results" to inquire about the progress and results of handling.

Taxpayers can apply for tax refund, which mainly includes: tax refund due to wrong collection and overpayment, tax refund due to warehousing reduction and exemption, tax refund due to overpayment of tax refund due to final settlement, tax refund for vehicle purchase tax, tax refund due to vehicle and vessel tax, tax refund due to remaining tax at the end of value-added tax, etc.

19. How can taxpayers issue tax-related certificates?

A: Taxpayers who need to issue tax-related certificates can apply for issuing tax-related certificates by selecting "I want to do tax" and entering "Certificate Issuance" after logging in.

Tax-related certificates that taxpayers can issue mainly include: tax payment certificate (documentary form), tax payment certificate (tabular form), China tax resident ID card, foreign payment tax filing for service trade and other items, transfer tax payment book (special for export goods and services), export tax refund (exemption) related certificates, etc.

20. How do tax agencies submit relevant information and materials to the tax authorities?

A: Tax agencies can choose to enter the "Management Package of Tax-related Professional Services" by logging in to the Electronic Taxation Bureau, and submit information such as institutions, personnel and entrustment agreements to the tax authorities.

The management package of tax-related professional service institutions includes: administrative registration of tax agency; Change and termination of administrative registration of tax agency; Basic information collection of tax-related professional service institutions (personnel); Information collection of tax-related professional service agreements; Information collection of tax-related professional services; Information change and termination of tax-related professional service agreement.

21. How to make an appointment for tax payment through the electronic tax bureau?

A: Taxpayers can make an appointment to pay taxes by choosing "I want to make an appointment" after logging in, or by choosing "Interactive Center" and entering "Tax Appointment" after logging in.

22. How to obtain all kinds of notices and announcements of tax authorities through the electronic tax bureau?

A: Taxpayers do not need to register and log in. They can choose "Public Service" and enter "Notice Announcement" to obtain various notice announcements issued by tax authorities.

The notice announcements provided by the Electronic Taxation Bureau mainly include the notice of policies and regulations, the notice of major tax violation cases, the notice of A-level taxpayers with credit rating and the notice of tax arrears.

23. How to check the online training issued by the tax authorities through the electronic tax bureau?

A: Taxpayers don’t need to register and log in. They can check the online training plan issued by the tax authorities by selecting "Public Service", entering "Consultation and Counseling" and then selecting "Taxpayer Academy". Taxpayers can set class reminders under this function and participate in online training in time.

24. How to check tax-related policies and interpret documents through the electronic tax bureau?

A: Taxpayers do not need to register and log in. They can choose "Public Service", enter "Consultation and Counseling" and then choose "Tax Policy and Interpretation" to view various tax-related policies and interpretation documents of tax authorities.

25. How do taxpayers upload, download and print their own electronic materials through the electronic tax bureau?

A: After logging in, taxpayers can select "My Information" and enter "Electronic Information" to consult, download and print the relevant electronic information generated by their own tax through the Electronic Taxation Bureau at any time. In the process of handling tax-related business, if taxpayers need to upload attached information, the electronic tax bureau will intelligently associate the electronic information that taxpayers have submitted or generated in the past, prompting the existing information in the electronic database for taxpayers to choose; At the same time, for the electronic materials that need to be supplemented, the data uploading function is provided.

26. How can taxpayers check the progress of the tax-related matters they apply for without going to the tax service hall?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can select "I want to inquire" and enter "Information Inquiry on Tax Progress and Results" to inquire about tax progress and results.

27. How can taxpayers query invoice information without going to the tax service hall?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can select "I want to inquire" to enter "Invoice Information Inquiry", select conditions such as the start and end date of issuance, the name of invoice type, etc., and can also export or print one or several pieces of invoice information.

28. How can taxpayers inquire about the detailed information of declaration through the electronic tax bureau?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can select "I want to inquire" to enter "Inquire about declaration information", and select conditions such as declaration date, tax date and declaration form type to inquire about the declaration information at the corresponding time. At the same time, you can further click to view the declaration form and attached information, and you can print or export it.

29. How can taxpayers check the tax payment through the electronic tax bureau?

Answer: After logging in, taxpayers can enter "Payment Information Inquiry" or "Tax Arrears Information Inquiry" by selecting "I want to inquire" and enter the inquiry criteria to inquire about the specific payment or tax arrears. If there is tax arrears, you can skip to the corresponding tax (fee) payment function module to pay tax arrears through the "Tax Arrears Payment" link provided by the system.

[Answers to Hot Issues of Natural Person Electronic Taxation Bureau]

30. Where can I download and install the natural person electronic tax bureau (withholding end)?

Answer: The natural person electronic tax bureau (withholding end) is applicable to withholding agents to withhold and remit personal income tax. Withholding agents can download it from the official website of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau. The steps are as follows: Go to official website of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau-click "Data Download"-click "Software Download"-click "Soft Link" of "Natural Person Electronic Taxation Bureau (Withholding End)" to download. After the download is successful, double-click the installation package and click Install Now to install the withholding agent to the local computer.

31. How does the natural person electronic tax bureau (withholding end) register?

A: After the system is installed, you need to register. The process of registration is roughly the process of obtaining the corresponding enterprise information from the tax system through the taxpayer identification number and saving it to the local withholding terminal. Specifically, click [Experience Now] on the installation completion interface (or click the shortcut of "Natural Person Electronic Taxation Bureau (withholding terminal)" on the desktop), that is, enter the registration process. There are five steps in registration: Step 1: Enter company information; The second step of registration: obtain tax information; The third step of registration: filing the information of tax payers; The fourth step of registration: set the login password; Registration Step 5: Set up automatic data backup.

32. How does the natural person electronic tax bureau (withholding end) update the tax information?

Answer: Click System Settings → Declaration Management → Tax Information Update → Download on the left side of the withholding software to indicate that the information has been obtained successfully.

33. The natural person electronic tax bureau (withholding end) made a backup on the original computer. Can the previous data be restored after replacing the computer? What should I do?

A: First of all, the data of the withholding end of the natural person electronic tax bureau exists on the local computer. After replacing the computer and reinstalling the client, the original data of the client will no longer exist. Therefore, it is suggested that the withholding unit must enable the automatic backup function when using the withholding end. The operation of the automatic backup function is as follows: after using the withholding terminal, directly click "X" in the upper right corner to exit, and click "OK" for the confirmation message that pops up. After clicking OK, the system prompts "Do you need to back up the database automatically?" , click "Yes", and the system will automatically back up the data. If the withholding company changes the operating computer and reinstalls the withholding terminal, the original data recovery operation is as follows: find the previous backup file on the original computer, and the path of the original computer backup data can be viewed by opening the withholding terminal on the original computer and entering System Settings-System Management-Backup Recovery-Automatic Backup.

After finding the backup file, copy it to any directory of the new computer, then enter the withholding terminal on the new computer, enter the system management-backup recovery-recovery settings, select the backup file, and click Restore to restore the original data of the withholding terminal.

34. When logging in to the withholding end of the natural person electronic tax bureau, the registration system pops up a message that "enterprise information does not exist or is in a state that does not need to be distributed". What should I do?

Answer: This prompt message may be caused by the following reasons: (1) The taxpayer identification number is not entered correctly, so it is recommended to check whether the tax number is entered correctly. (2) For newly-established enterprises or enterprises that have changed their tax registration, the information is not automatically extracted into the tax background database in time. Please wait for one hour before logging in to the withholding terminal for operation. If the tax number is correct and the same question is still prompted after waiting for one hour, please contact the competent tax authorities or use the tax service center for online consultation.

35. What are the status of identity verification in the withholding end of the natural person electronic tax bureau? What’s the meaning?

Answer: [To be verified]: the default status when the personnel information is added or modified for the first time, which means that the withholding client has not initiated the verification of the taxpayer’s identity information; [Verifying]: It means that the resident identity registration information of the public security organ has not been obtained, and the system will automatically obtain the verification result without further operation; [Verification Passed]: It means that the collected personnel information is completely matched with the information of the public security system; [Verification Failed]: It means that the identity information of the natural person is inconsistent with the resident identity registration information of the public security organ, and the information needs to be verified and corrected correctly.

36. When uninstalling the withholding terminal and reinstalling it, you will be prompted with the following screenshot. How to solve it?

Answer: When uninstalling the withholding terminal, you must follow the standard uninstallation process of the operating system, that is, enter the control panel to uninstall. The error in reporting this screenshot is due to the use of quick uninstall tools such as 360. After uninstalling 360, a prompt "Do you want to delete the registry" will pop up without deleting it. The solution is as follows: delete the registry "HKEY _ current _ usersoftwareYouEPPortal _ DS 3.0". (win+R—regedit)

37. How can I get the declaration password if I forget it or register for the first time?

Answer: The application password has been forgotten and needs to be reset, or the application password obtained during the first registration has been greatly changed. In addition to going to the tax hall to reset the declaration password, there is also an additional channel, that is, self-reset through the company’s financial controller or legal person’s tax mobile APP or web terminal.

38. When the natural person tax management system is updated and other tax-free income is filled in, the exemption items will pop up. There is no tax-free deduction in the options. Which one should I choose?

A: Some individual income tax returns were revised according to the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Revising Some Individual Income Tax Returns (No.46, 2019), so the system version was added with verification. When declaring normal wages and salaries, if "tax-exempt income" or "tax reduction and exemption" is filled in, the schedule of tax reduction and exemption must be filled in. Combined with the special policies of our region, when filling in the "tax-free income", select "qualified Tianjin subsidies are exempt from personal income tax" in the column of tax exemption in the schedule of tax reduction and exemption.

39. The natural person tax management system closes and opens the withholding client after reloading, and there is no declaration record?

Answer: The query statistics function does not update data in real time, and the synchronization time is T+1 mode, so you can’t see the declaration record immediately when you open it. The declaration data is processed every night, and the declaration records can only be found the next day.

40. The natural person tax management system has an interface related to personal income tax withholding fees. Can I apply for online return in the system?

A: According to the requirements of relevant policies, if the withholding agent or agent terminates the withholding obligation or the agent-collecting relationship during the year, they should submit the application materials for handling fees to the tax authorities within 3 months after the termination, and the tax authorities will handle the handling fees settlement.

The tax authorities will take the statement confirmed by the withholding agent as the basis for refunding the handling fee and automatically start the tax refund process.

[Answers to Hot Issues of Corporate Social Security Fee Management Client]

41. How do I download the client for reporting social insurance premiums?

Answer: It is necessary to declare and pay the social insurance premiums of government agencies and institutions, which can be declared and paid through the social insurance premium declaration client of the unit. You can log on to the portal website of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau "Tax Service/Download Center/Software Download/"to download and install the social security fee declaration client.

42. How to use the client for reporting social insurance premiums of the company?

Answer: You can download the operation manual from the portal website of Xizang Autonomous Region Taxation Bureau "Tax Service/Download Center/Software Download/"and follow the operation manual.

43. What is the login user name and declaration password of the company social security fee declaration client?

Answer: The login user name is a unified social code. The declaration password is 6 digits after the unit social security code.

　　618 has greatly promoted the decline. Many consumers are worried about the routine of "going up first and then falling down" while sorting out shopping carts and calculating how to buy more cost-effective.

　　At present,In view of this situation, Taobao launched a new function "Price Protection Center" and opened it to all users.

　　After opening the "My Taobao" interface, click on the official customer service (or exclusive customer service) to enter the price protection center page. Users can apply for price protection through "one price protection". During the price protection period, the price difference can be refunded if the goods are reduced.

　　This means that,Consumers will not need to worry about product price fluctuations when shopping. If there is an operation of lowering the price immediately after the end of 618, they can directly apply for a refund of the price difference.

　　However, it should be noted that,Not all goods are suitable for this function.

　　First of all, only those products that support price protection service and reduce the price within the promised service period can support one-click price difference refund.

　　Secondly, if the price reduction of commodities is caused by participating in promotional activities such as 618, using exclusive benefits such as new people’s special offers, using red envelopes or subsidies of 10 billion yuan, it will not be covered by the price insurance.

　　At the same time, products with fluctuating prices such as jewelry, diamonds, vehicles and flowers, as well as intangible goods such as games and tourism services, will not support price protection services.

　　Although there are certain restrictions, the launch of this function can still make consumers feel more at ease while "buying in buy buy", without worrying about whether the merchants will deliberately raise prices.

1905 movie network news　sixmoon17The closing ceremony of the first SCO National Film Festival was held in Qingdao West Coast Star Island Grand Theatre on the evening of November. At the closing ceremony,togetherSix awards, namely, the best film, the best director, the best screenwriter, the best actor, the best actress and the special prize of the jury, were announced. In the end,middleChinese filmInto the capitalAnd Afghan filmsMina Go ForwardWin the best film award together. It is worth mentioning that China actors.Zhou XunI also won the honor of best actress tonight.

That night, Han Sanping, chairman of the jury of Shanghai Film Festival, made an appearance with the judges from all over the world. At the same time, Zhou Xun, Ruby Lin, Duan Long, David, Sheng Ding, Tang Jili, Gong Beibi and many other star filmmakers also gathered in Starlight Glimmer.

China filmmakers talk about "the Covenant of Light and Shadow" Sheng Ding: Qingdao is a part of my film.

That night, four filmmakers, director Sheng Ding, actors Zhang Kaili, Duan Long and Zhu Yuanyuan, jointly kicked off the closing ceremony, bringing a sincere and enthusiastic opening show — — The Covenant of Light and Shadow.

On the stage of light and shadow, actor Duan Long said frankly: "My hometown is about 3,400 kilometers away from Qingdao, where there is a beautiful Tianshan Mountain, which connects different histories and civilizations. Once, we were separated by mountains and rivers and the sea. Now, we are gathered here because of movies. At this moment, we use light and shadow to talk and cross the language barrier. "

As a director from Qingdao, Sheng Ding also expressed his love for his hometown: "Qingdao is my hometown. I was born here, grew up here, and watched my first movie here. My movie dream is given by the sea breeze in Qingdao. "

Han Sanping, Chairman of the Jury: Different countries have a common understanding of art.

Han Sanping, the chairman of the jury of this year’s film festival, brought judges from all over the world to the closing ceremony. Han Sanping, who took to the stage, first expressed his gratitude to all the judges and the organizing committee present: "Thanks to the organizing committee of the film festival, which allowed us to see so many excellent works, and also thanks to my judges and colleagues, who worked for more than ten hours every day during the film festival. It was really hard."

Finally, Han Sanping also said: "Although we come from different countries, our feelings about art are common. Bless all the countries in Shanghai, each with its own beauty and beauty. "

Bai Baihe, the propaganda ambassador, gave a cross-border speech "Ocean" to show the vitality of Qingdao.

The scene of the closing ceremony was full of stars. In addition to many well-known filmmakers in the industry attending the ceremony, actor Bai Baihe served as the publicity ambassador of the film festival.

The first Shanghe Film Festival held in Qingdao can be said to have extraordinary significance. As a beautiful city surrounded by the sea, Qingdao’s waves have also sent the desire for communication and ushered in the warmth of friendship. At the closing ceremony, Bai Baihe, a native of Qingdao, as the propaganda ambassador of this film festival, sang the song "Ocean" across the border — — The beautiful melody sings the profound friendship between SCO countries and praises the story of light and shadow that is attached to the ocean.

Duan Long and Ruby Lin join hands in Mary and look forward to co-acting with David in comedy.

In the awarding session, Duan Long and Ruby Lin won a very high voice from the scene. Before they announced the best actor, Duan Long shared a compulsory course about an excellent actor: "Always keep creative enthusiasm and rigorous creative attitude is necessary for every actor."

The Best Actress Award was awarded by David and Mary, a pair of interesting partners. The two started with a mutual applause, and then Mary expressed the hope to cooperate together in the future: "It would be great if we could cooperate with Teacher David in a comedy."

At the end of the awarding session, Zhang Yibai and Bai Baihe came on stage together to announce the Golden Gull Award for Best Film for the audience. Zhang Yibai praised the beauty and charm of Qingdao as the oriental film capital at the beginning. As a fellow of Qingdao, Bai Baihe is also very emotional: "I am really proud and excited to be able to return to my hometown to participate in the Shanghe event this time."

"Into Beijing" won the best film award and Zhou Xun won the best actress.

The 2018 SCO National Film Festival follows the Shanghai spirit of "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations and seeking common development", promotes film cooperation and exchanges among SCO countries, and invites film delegations, film artists and representatives of film enterprises from eight SCO member countries and four observer countries to participate. A total of 23 films participated in the "Golden Gull Award" competition.

In this year’s film festival, China sent two participating films, The Film and The Film. The two films are of different types, but both of them are of good quality. In the end, the China film "Into Beijing" and the Afghan film "Mina Go Forward" won the best film award. Hu Mei, director of Entering Beijing, expressed his joy to the audience at the scene: "Thank you, Qingdao, and the jury of Shanghe Film Festival for awarding such a heavy prize to Entering Beijing, and also for the colleagues who have been working hard for six years. I also want to pay tribute to our national art with this film. "

The representative of Afghanistan was also very excited after winning many awards today: "The greatness of a nation depends on its enthusiasm, tolerance, equality and generosity. And we deeply felt all this in China. "

In addition, the actress Zhou Xun won the Best Actress Award together with Mongolian actress Odongqimeg Ashido for her outstanding performance in the film.

When delivering his acceptance speech, Zhou Xun said: "Thank you to the jury, director Xu Anhua and Mr. Yu Dong. Gratitude is the most important thing in life, and thanks to the efforts of those revolutionary ancestors in the movie, we have our present life. "

The Shanghai Film Festival ended successfully today, with Qingdao as a new starting point. The SCO will set sail again, and filmmakers from 12 countries will also go out again to launch future-oriented invitations.

Attached is the list of winners of the first SCO National Film Festival "Golden Sea Gull Award":

Best actress: China, When is the Bright Moon? Zhou Xun.

Mongolian Odongchi Meg Ashido

Best actor: Aqeel of Kyrgyzstan, Buick Abdikakov. 　

Kazakh Tolyubek Ayral Bay

Best Director: Yusuf Balacchi, Afghan Mina Forward.

Best film: China’s "Into the Capital"

　Mina Forward in Afghanistan

Best Screenplay: Russian Andreetta Latukin and Dimitri Ranchikin.

Indian Mahesh narayanan, P.V. Shojaei Kumar

Jury Special Award: Searching for Relatives in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Pakistan and Belarus.

Recently, SAIC-GM-Wuling officially released the official picture of the brand-new Hongguang MINIEV. The new car not only continued the classic design elements of its family, but also introduced four-door design for the first time, bringing more diversified choices.

The new Hongguang MINIEV is built on the platform of Tianyu architecture S, and its positioning is still aimed at the A00-class mini-electric vehicle market. Judging from the official map released, the new car has been innovated in appearance design, and the body contour is more rounded and full, and the overall style is closer to the recent hot-selling Bingo SUV. What is particularly striking is that the new Hongguang MINIEV has added a four-door layout, which helps to improve the practicality and convenience of vehicles. It is reported that the length, width and height of the new car are 3256/1510/1578mm and the wheelbase is 2190mm, which is consistent with the two-door model and adopts a four-seat layout.

In terms of power, the two-door and four-door versions of the new Hongguang MINIEV are equipped with 30kW motors, which is consistent with the current high-power version. The maximum speed can reach 100km/h, and it is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery to meet the daily needs of urban transportation. As a micro-electric vehicle with outstanding performance in the market, Hongguang MINIEV has won the love of consumers with its low price and small and cute appearance since its listing. According to the data of the Association, the cumulative sales volume of Hongguang MINIEV in 2022-2023 reached 444,800 and 237,900 respectively.

However, with the constant emergence of competitors in the market, such as Changan Lumin, Chery QQ ice cream and Geely Panda, the competition in the mini-car market is becoming increasingly fierce. These models are similar to Hongguang MINIEV in appearance design and price positioning, which brings certain challenges to their market position. From January to August this year, the cumulative sales volume of Wuling Hongguang MINIEV was only 125,514 vehicles, which was 51.66% lower than that of January to August 2022.

It is worth noting that although the mini-car market is booming, its profit is relatively low. Many car companies lay out the mini-car market, which is driven by the double-point policy in addition to pursuing sales growth. The latest financial report shows that in the first half of this year, SAIC-GM-Wuling’s operating income was 32.963 billion yuan and its net profit was only 97 million yuan. The guide price of the current Wuling Hongguang MINIEV is 32,800-99,900 yuan, of which the price of the main sales model is about 40,000 yuan. It is expected that the price of the new model will be raised.

Special feature of 1905 film network If you pay close attention to the movie credits, you will find a special department — — Corpse prosthetic prop group.

This department has been standard in Hollywood blockbusters, but it is the first time in domestic films.

Realistic injuries, delicate prostheses and tragic corpses have become an indispensable part of the film through the skillful hands of these behind-the-scenes craftsmen, allowing the audience to feel the cruelty of war and the fearless sacrifice spirit of the volunteers.

Xue Song, director of The Battle at Lake Changjin’s series of cadaver prosthetic props, revealed that they produced a total of 110 corpses and a large number of corpses and injuries for the film, the largest scale of which was made in China.

In this issue of Behind the Scene, let’s follow Xue Song to explore this little-known special department together.

tirelessly seek improvement

Restore the cruelty of the battlefield with details

What is the responsibility of the "corpse prosthetic prop group", which sounds a little mysterious and scary? Xue Song summed it up with four key words: "Scar and corpse blood".

"The first is the design of the blood effect of the injury; Second, it is necessary to solve the production of prosthetic props and cosmetic materials for corpses; The third is to complicate the execution in live shooting. "

Once upon a time, the scenes of death and injury in war films were mainly played by extras. However, with the development of visual effects technology and the increasing demand of audiences for war films, professional cadaver prosthetic props departments came into being to create effects that real actors could not achieve.

"For example, burning, burying, crushing, hanging, flooding, rotting, etc., this kind of thing is impossible for a real actor." Xue Song said, "You can also use artificial limbs to connect with real actors. For example, the body has been exploded in two parts, and it is impossible to use real people to do this effect. We need to use artificial limbs to connect with real people."

In this case, it is necessary to pay special attention to details and realism. "The reduction degree of the’ corpse’ and the real person should reach more than 90%, and it must withstand the level of large close-up and meticulous shooting of pores. The direction of hair scales, the texture of the skin, the blood vessels under the skin, the posture of death, and the expression before death must be restored. "

Take The Battle at Lake Changjin as an example. In the scene of fighting in a residential building in the Mid-Levels, an American soldier’s body was crushed by a tank in the process of fighting, so he needed to use a "corpse" to meet the actor.

It takes about 20 days to make such a "lifelike" corpse, from the scanning, modeling and sculpture of actors to the restoration of injuries and the texture of hair and eyeballs. The effort is reflected in the details.

Another common use of props such as cadaver prostheses is to "lay out the battlefield", which shows the extreme environment of the battlefield with a large number of corpses, body pieces, plasma and so on, showing the tragic cruelty of the war.

In The Battle at Lake Changjin, Wu Wan Li, who plays the first time in the battlefield, lies on the dry river bed with his comrades to avoid the US bombing, which is impressive. The air-dried bodies around the soldiers are also chilling.

During the production, Xue Song and his team referred to the cold, dry and windy climate in northern Korea, and did not make the corpse rotten, but made it air-dried.

"The atrophy of muscles, the collapse of soft tissues, the exposure of teeth, and the natural aging of clothing after wind and sun have formed the final effect."

For this kind of corpse prop that doesn’t need to take part in the play with the actors, Xue Song pays more attention to the visual effect shown to the audience and the communication of the film theme in the design.

"This scene wants to show that Wan Li, as a recruit, really feels the cruelty of war, which is very necessary for his personal growth. Our task is to create a battlefield environment full of death and promote his growth."

Pay equal attention to technology and art

Advanced assistance for domestic war film technology

Prop making and special effect makeup of cadaver prosthesis are not only hard-core technical activities, but also need rich knowledge reserves, including human anatomy, forensic medicine, military medicine and so on.

"First of all, we must have an understanding of the human body, subcutaneous fat layer, muscle layer and bone layer. The whole effect design is carried out according to the human muscle tissue structure."

According to the different ways of injury, injuries can be divided into different types, from the simplest subcutaneous bruises to superficial scratches, knife wounds, gunshot wounds, injuries, burns, chemical injuries, biological injuries, mechanical injuries, etc. "For each play, we will do the restoration of injury effects and the design of injuries in the environment described in the script," Xue Song explained.

Take it as an example, the old iron who was shot in the face formed a penetrating wound. The entrance of the bullet was very small, but after tumbling in the human body, the exit "exploded" the whole muscle tissue. These injury effects were supported by medical knowledge.

What is the difference between the wounds caused by pistols and rifles? What are the injuries caused by grenades, mines and incendiary bombs?

In order to restore the injury realistically, prop artists usually look through a large number of forensic anatomical illustrations and battlefield trauma materials to accumulate real materials.

Xue Song said with a smile that the team members, both boys and girls, are very "taste-oriented". Instead of being afraid of seeing pictures of various injuries, the first thought is "This injury is really beautiful. This person died with characteristics. I want to make them."

When evaluating excellent domestic war films, the two most common words are "truth", but this truth is enclosed in double quotation marks.

Prop design should also grasp the balance between restoring reality and artistic processing. Being too realistic and bloody will bring psychological and physical discomfort to the audience and affect the artistic expression of the film.

"Props are a part of the violent aesthetics of war movies, and it is more necessary to restore the artistic truth, filter out the bloody parts, and then become an artistic creation to serve the idea of the whole movie. We have always stressed the need to make technology with stories, and technology should be hidden behind art, not before it, "Xue Song said.

With the development of domestic war films, Xue Song and the props team have been accumulating behind-the-scenes production experience, from The Eight Hundred’s injury effect design to The Battle at Lake Changjin’s corpse prosthesis production.

During the production of The Battle at Lake Changjin, the team developed a batch of wearable injury effects, including frostbite finger covers, foot covers, etc. It is easy to wear, and the preparation time is only 10 minutes, which can meet the close-up level shooting and can be reused, saving costs.

After The Eight Hundred, a special technical system of domestic war films was gradually established, including creation mode, production mode and service mode, which provided reference for subsequent film production.

At the end of the The Battle at Lake Changjin film, the "corpse prosthetic prop group" first appeared in the behind-the-scenes team of domestic films, which was only the beginning and a new starting point for the continuous breakthrough of domestic war films.

Previously, Tengshi Automobile announced its new car plan for 2024 in the "Tengshi Automobile User Communication Day 2024", and Tengshi D9 and N7 will be upgraded. At the same time, Tengshi will launch three flagship models, and may complete the appearance of two flagship cars at the Beijing Auto Show in April, one of which is the Hunting Car, and this product has ushered in road test spy photos overseas, and the official has just named this product-Z9GT.

Let’s take a brief look at this product. Compared with the Tengshi products currently on sale, the new car design of this car is more concise and generous, which may be due to camouflage. I haven’t seen too many copied designs, but it just happens to be this style, which is more in line with the current new energy trend. In detail, the new car uses a long and narrow light group, and the front enclosure is somewhat similar to the new Tengshi N7, with strong sports attributes.

The side of Tengshi Z9GT looks more personalized, with smoother lines, and it also uses a big slip back, which is completely sporty. At the same time, due to the low posture of the whole car and the sense of dive in the front of the car, there is a momentum that is ready to go, and the hidden door handle and borderless door will be used together this time.

Tengshi Z9GT uses penetrating taillights at the rear, as well as a wide rear surround and a sports tail, which looks very solid and full of fighting sense, and also lowers the visual center of gravity. At some angles, the sports presentation is completely not lost to Porsche Panamera, which is a style that young people like.

It is worth noting that from the news given by Tengshi before, Tengshi Z9GT can benchmark Panamera. Of course, this refers not to price, but to product strength. Among them, Tengshi Zhao Changjiang also said that it will bring a product with a length of more than 5.2 meters and a turning diameter of less than 10 meters, and this car will be a brand-new hunting car without accident. If this technical index can be achieved, then it will drive and control the best product at this level.

However, this also brings a question, what method is used to reduce the turning radius? First of all, BYD has a variety of technical routes to achieve the purpose of reducing the turning radius. For example, before looking up to U8, it can use the easy-to-square technology, cooperate with four motors to make an in-situ U-turn, and make an agile turn. Equation Leopard Leopard 5 can also reduce the turning radius by locking one rear wheel under the condition of two motors, but these are all skills suitable for hard-core off-road vehicles. Even if Tengshi Z9GT can do it, it is obviously not elegant to use. For example, the ideal MEGA can reduce the turning radius in this way before, but in the actual driving process.

So not surprisingly, the Tengshi Z9GT should use the active steering technology of the upper rear wheel, which is the mainstream scheme to improve the driving control and flexibility at present. Tucki X9 and Mercedes EQS have been used, and the effect is obvious. As a car with a length of over 5.2 meters, if the turning diameter can be less than 10 meters, it means that it can be almost as flexible as Honda Fit with a length of over 4 meters, or even better. The main reason is that with the active steering technology of rear wheels, the advantages are not only to reduce the turning radius, but also to improve the flexibility and stability when driving. When changing lanes at high speed, the rear wheels will turn in the same direction as the front wheels, so that the rear of the car has better tracking performance. Even if dual motors or three motors are added, four wheels can turn at the same time to achieve "crab walking", that is, sideways driving. At present, Zhiji L6, which is about to be listed in the market, already has this technology. BYD, which is keen on black technology, will naturally not fall behind, so we guess that Tengshi Z9GT should have new technology in the driving equipment, which is still worth looking forward to.

　　CCTV News:At the beginning of 2020, everyone’s life became unusual because of an unknown and sudden epidemic. In the face of an unprecedented and menacing epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core made overall plans and decisive decisions, adhered to the principle of putting people first and life first, put people’s life safety and health first, made concerted efforts from top to bottom, and adopted the strictest, most comprehensive and thorough prevention and control measures, thus starting a people’s war, an overall war and a blocking war for epidemic prevention and control.

　　In order to publicize the great anti-epidemic spirit, show the elegant demeanour of advanced grass-roots party organizations and outstanding Communist party member in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, deepen and expand the educational achievements of the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission", expand the achievements in the selection and commendation of outstanding Communist party member and advanced grass-roots party organizations in China, and create a strong atmosphere of unity, encouragement and promotion of righteousness, the Central Organization Department and the Central Radio and Television General Station jointly produced the special program "Example 5".

　　"Example 5" will be premiered at 20:06 pm on March 22nd on CCTV-1, the Central Radio and Television General Station. The Communist party member Network (www.12371.cn), CCTV Video and CCTV Network will broadcast live simultaneously and provide on-demand services.

　　The seven (group) "role models" are outstanding Communist party member and advanced grass-roots party organizations from various positions. They are soldiers in white, People’s Liberation Army, public security police, grassroots cadres, community workers and volunteers. They all have a common name: Communist party member.

　　Next, let’s go back to that late spring again, to the battlefield where we can’t see the smoke, and listen to their stories. ……

Zhang Xijing
　　Deputy head of the expert group of Vulcan Hospital,
　　Director of the first department of critical care medicine
　　Director, Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University

　　He insisted on being a soldier and charged first. In Wuchang Hospital with counterpart support, he took the initiative to fight, led 19 party member backbones to enter the intensive care unit first, checked the patients one by one, grasped the condition, gave full play to the advantages of 24 years of experience in intensive care medicine, and worked closely with local medical staff to accurately formulate the individualized treatment plan for each patient. He has great trust in his life, and every minute counts. As the deputy head of the expert group of Vulcan Hospital, he participated in the consultation of all critically ill patients in the hospital, discussed the treatment plan with colleagues on the commuter bus to and from the hospital, returned to the station to watch the academic seminar video about CT images, and carried out research on the diagnosis and treatment plan of pneumonia in danger ….. He was busy everywhere. "Race against time and grab people with death, we must cherish time like gold". Ward, station and consultation are the normal state of his daily work. In September 2020, Zhang Xijing was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Zhang hong
　　Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
　　Head nurse of gynecological oncology department

　　She stood up to the danger. When the epidemic came, she volunteered, entered the isolation ward in the first batch, led the nurses to stay awake, and completed the transformation of the isolation ward within 48 hours. 80% of the patients in her ward are critically ill, and she takes the lead in scrubbing, nursing urine and feces, collecting throat swabs, debridement and dressing changes for patients with pressure ulcers. She has always adhered to her post, and has not left the fever ward for 15 consecutive days, working for more than 13 hours a day. She treats patients like family members. Some patients can’t take care of themselves. She helps them turn over and knock on their backs, do oral care, and feed them bite by bite at the bedside. One stop is more than an hour. She goes to the patient’s bedside every day to give them psychological counseling and relieve their psychological pressure. Before work, she always chats with patients in the ward to encourage them to maintain their confidence in recovery. In September 2020, Zhang Hong was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Du Yun
　　Fangcao Community, Longyang Street, Hanyang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province
　　Secretary of the Party branch and director of the neighborhood committee

　　Based on her post, she led party member cadres to stick to the front line of community prevention and control. At the beginning of the outbreak, she immediately set up an epidemic prevention and control publicity group and party member Pioneer Group, posted nearly 4,000 publicity notices, raised more than 2,000 masks for community residents, and instructed residents to do a good job in home isolation. She mobilized the community party member, the head of the door and the grid staff to conduct a dragnet investigation on 3,846 households, check the situation of each household by telephone one by one, and establish the residents’ health records. She established a "residents’ grocery shopping group", turned community cadres into "purchasing agents" and "couriers", and carried out non-contact condolences to elderly residents with children alone, making residents feel more at home. Residents in the community all said, "The community has Secretary Du ‘ Take charge ’ Everyone is very relieved and comfortable. " Du Yun was awarded the 24th China Youth May 4th Medal, and in September 2020, Du Yun was awarded the titles of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Dawa kurakusho
　　Director of nagqu prefecture Police Station, Seni District Public Security Bureau, Naqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　She gave up her family for everyone and devoted herself to epidemic prevention and control. After the outbreak of the epidemic, she volunteered to join the investigation team, and has been sticking to the post of epidemic prevention and control inspection and investigation. In the early stage of the epidemic, she was often busy until three or four in the morning, with an average sleep of less than five hours every day, and did not take a day off. From January 28th, 2020 to the end of June, a total of 188,425 people and 70,040 trips were investigated, 148 people were persuaded to return, 16 people were found to have fever, and 11,993 people were investigated as suspicious people, providing a green passage for 938 vehicles transporting materials. She persisted in her work despite her illness, and she was selfless and dedicated. On average, she calls more than 300 times a day to verify and record the information of relevant personnel. She has been working under high load in a cold and anoxic environment for a long time, causing ear canal infection and suppuration. Because she can’t let go of the epidemic prevention and control work, she has been unable to take care of treatment, resulting in perforation of the eardrum, and her hearing is getting worse and worse. Now she can hardly hear the sound in her left ear. In September 2020, Dawakura was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Yong Wang
　Manager of Jianghan Branch of Hubei SF Express

　　He is a "life ferryman" who volunteered to send medical staff off work. During the epidemic, the city of Wuhan was closed and the public transportation operation was suspended. He stepped forward, one person and one car, and volunteered to pick up and drop off the medical staff from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital late at night every day since the New Year’s Eve. Inspired by him, many drivers joined in, and gradually formed a volunteer team with more than 30 cars, which solved the commuting problem of medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. He is a volunteer service organizer who serves medical staff well. He mobilized social forces to participate in epidemic prevention and control, contacted restaurants for meals, implemented 15,000 meals, quickly set up an emergency distribution network for meals, and solved the problem of eating more than 7,800 medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. He acts as the "stationmaster of the material station", purchasing down jackets and other daily necessities for the medical staff of Jinyintan Hospital, and sending them warmth. He is a "bosom friend" of medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. Because of his outstanding performance in fighting the epidemic, Wang Yong was approved by the Party branch of Wuhan Shunheng Express Co., Ltd. on February 28, 2020, and reported to the Working Committee of Jianghan Economic Development Zone in Wuhan for approval to join the Party. In September 2020, Yong Wang was awarded the title of "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Huoshenshan Thunder God Mountain hospital Construction Unit Party Organization

　　At the tense moment when the COVID-19 epidemic was raging, China Construction Third Bureau took the lead, gathering more than 40,000 management and construction personnel from all over the country and putting more than 3,500 sets of machinery and equipment into the battlefield. On the construction site, 14 temporary party branches, 14 party member commandos and 2,688 party member took the lead in fighting, and party flag, who held high everywhere, gave the builders the greatest encouragement. With the support of the people of the whole country, it created the "China speed" of building two infectious disease hospitals and adding 2,600 beds in about 10 days, which fully demonstrated the "Chinese strength" of unity and hard work. Seeing this achievement, Tan Desai, Director-General of the World Health Organization, said: "I have never seen such mobilization in my life." In September 2020, they were awarded the title of "National Advanced Grassroots Party Organization" and the 24th "China Youth May 4th Award Collective" by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the All-China Youth Federation.

Temporary Party Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Aid Wuhan Anti-epidemic Front Command

　　Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Provisional Party Committee of the Front Command of Anti-epidemic in Wuhan, Zhejiang Province has led 1,844 medical personnel (including 852 in party member and 159 in party member) to support the anti-epidemic in Wuhan, and successively transferred to 11 intensive care hospitals, 4 shelter hospitals and relevant disease control institutions, with a total of 2,964 patients, including 858 critically ill and critically ill patients, and 1,993 people were cured and discharged, thus successfully completing the anti-epidemic task of aiding Wuhan. In September, 2020, the Provisional Party Committee of Wuhan Anti-epidemic Front Command of Zhejiang Province was awarded the title of "National Advanced Grassroots Party Organization", and its nine collectives and 33 individuals were commended by the national ministries and commissions and the provincial level respectively.

　　The special program "Example 5" shows the dauntless spirit of Communist party member Do not forget your initiative mind, who actively participated in the epidemic prevention and control work, remembering the mission, daring to fight and dare to win, highlighting the role of grassroots party organizations as a fighting fortress and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, and interpreting the great anti-epidemic spirit of life first, national unity, giving up one’s life and forgetting one’s death, respecting science and sharing destiny.

Moderator Wang Xiaolei, Wang Ning

Wang Xiaomei recited "I sent the youngest baby to the battlefield"

The representative of "Example 5" took the oath on stage.

　　This is an arduous and vigorous struggle against the epidemic; This is a heroic song of the Chinese nation, united as one and overcome difficulties together. China unites people with "life first", confronts major epidemics with the strength of the whole country, and overcomes the difficulties with "the community of human destiny", which shows the strength of China, the spirit of China and the efficiency of China.

　　Some people are fighting hard in the front line, while others are sticking to it in the rear. In this arduous war and epidemic struggle, they built a series of solid barriers, and left a precious wealth for mankind to fight against Covid-19 with blood, sweat and even life. They showed party member’s responsibility and dedication, as well as the powerful forces of joint prevention and control, mass prevention and mass control, and demonstrated the great power of winning the people’s war to prevent and control the epidemic.

　　In this "epidemic" struggle, there are more than 4.6 million grass-roots party organizations and more than 90 million Communist party member, with party member commandos charging at the forefront and bright red party flag holding high at the forefront. They practice their initial heart and mission with the power of vanguard and example, regard ordinary jobs as a life stage to display their talents and ambitions, forge ahead in a new journey, build a new era and create new achievements! Tonight, let us pay tribute to the role models!

Central radio and television main station
　CCTV Integrated Channel (CCTV-1)
At 20:06 on March 22nd.
Cctv special page
Central video "Moral Observation" account
　Communist party member Network (www.12371.cn)
Example 5
　　 Stay tuned!

　　Hangzhou, April 2 (Reporter Liu Leping and Yu Qin) On the afternoon of the 2 nd, the Zhejiang Working Conference on Building a Safe Province was held in Hangzhou. At the meeting, Yuan Jiajun, secretary of the provincial party committee and leader of the Zhejiang Leading Group for Building a Safe Province, stressed that it is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on safe construction, vigorously promote "security in danger removal" and iteratively improve the great safety mechanism of closed-loop risk management. Form a powerful situation of grasping security in the whole range, in all fields and in the whole process, build an iron wall to prevent risks and protect security, and create a safe and stable political and social environment for the successful convening of the 20 th Party Congress and the 15 th Provincial Party Congress and the successful holding of the Asian Paralympic Games in Hangzhou.

　　Wang Hao, Deputy Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Governor and Deputy Head of Zhejiang Leading Group for Building a Safe Provincial Party Committee, presided over the meeting, and Huang Lixin, Chen Jinbiao, Wang Cheng, Chen Yijun, Liang Liming, Zhao Guangjun, Wang Chengguo and Li Zhanguo attended. At the meeting, Wang Changrong read out the commendation for Ping ‘an city, county (city, district) in 2021 and 2020— In 2021, the notification of advanced collectives and individuals in the construction of Ping ‘an Zhejiang, the leaders of the participating provinces presented awards to the winners. The Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Lishui City and Pujiang County made typical speeches, and the person in charge of the Political and Legal Committee of the Provincial Party Committee focused on "improving the drying mechanism and promoting ‘ Security ’ The theme of "full coverage of the whole world" was given.

　　Yuan Jiajun pointed out that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to the construction of peace, delivered a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions, especially in recent years, he has made new important expositions on preventing risks and deepening the construction of peace, which has pointed out the direction for us to do a good job in peace and provided fundamental follow-up. We should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of peace, and earnestly enhance the political consciousness, ideological consciousness and action consciousness of promoting "danger removal and security".

　　In his speech, Yuan Jiajun fully affirmed the remarkable achievements made in the construction of Ping ‘an Zhejiang in the past year, but also pointed out the weak links and potential risks existing in the current work, and stressed that we should fully understand the new stage characteristics and regional characteristics faced by the construction of Ping ‘an in our province, focus on the 20th National Congress of Juli Ping ‘an Escort Party, and further polish the gold business card of Ping ‘an Zhejiang with the help of the drying mechanism of "danger removal and security".

　　Yuan Jiajun stressed that it is necessary to put political security first, further strengthen the defense line of political security, strictly guard against all kinds of infiltration and sabotage activities, deepen the special campaign to crack down on terrorism, and constantly purify the ecology of online public opinion. We should do our utmost to prevent and resolve the risks of social contradictions, carry out in-depth social risk assessment of major decisions, focus on special actions to investigate contradictions and disputes, and do our best to resolve the accumulated cases of letters and visits. It is necessary to strengthen the rectification and improvement of outstanding problems in the construction of peace, strengthen the service management of floating population, promote the three-dimensional, intelligent and rule-based prevention and control of social security, strengthen the care for special groups, and strive to improve the efficiency of maintaining public safety. It is necessary to speed up the creation of a "one center, four platforms and one grid" grassroots social governance system, promote the iterative upgrading of the "141" system, accelerate the convergence of the "141" system, give better play to the role of the "141" system in epidemic prevention and control, and continuously improve the ability and level of effective governance at the grassroots level. It is necessary to deepen the digital reform in the field of Ping ‘an construction, continuously iterate the digital rule of law system framework, comprehensively support major reforms in Ping ‘an construction, accelerate the construction of a "rule of law brain", and promote system reconstruction, process reengineering and system reshaping in all fields of Ping ‘an construction. It is necessary to establish and improve the drying working mechanism of "danger removal and security" and establish the working system of "danger removal and security".Accelerate the construction of the comprehensive application of "danger removal and security" drying, and form a "discovery — Handling — Draw inferences — Improve the closed-loop of regulations, establish and improve the responsibility implementation mechanism, respond to the uncertainty of risks with the certainty of the mechanism, and strive to achieve the security from one domain at a time to full-time global security.

　　Finally, Yuan Jiajun put forward clear requirements for doing a good job in the Qingming holiday, stressing that it is necessary to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, strictly strengthen the investigation and control of people who come to Zhejiang and return to Zhejiang, strengthen the epidemic prevention and control in key places during the Qingming period, strictly implement the inspection measures for key personnel, and strictly implement the measures for preventing people, things and the environment and diverting people from airports and ports; Pay close attention to the work of safety in production, carry out in-depth inspection of safety in production and investigation of hidden dangers, and do a good job in traffic guidance; Strengthen emergency duty, strictly implement the system of 24-hour special person on duty, prepare for emergency support in advance, and ensure that the people have a safe, healthy and peaceful holiday.

　　Wang Hao stressed that it is necessary to learn and understand the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of peace, focus on the 20th National Congress of the Peace Escort Party, the 15th Party Congress of the province and the Asian Paralympic Games of the Hangzhou Asian Games, highlight key points, eliminate risks and ensure security, and iteratively improve the risk closed-loop management and control mechanism to ensure social stability and people’s peace. It is necessary to take laying the foundation at the grass-roots level as a long-term plan and a solid policy, adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, strengthen the construction of "one center, four platforms and one grid" in grass-roots governance, lay a solid foundation, grasp early and grasp small, and lay a solid foundation for safe construction and weave a more dense defense line. It is necessary to tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control, adhere to external defense input and internal defense rebound, strengthen the investigation and control of those who come to Zhejiang and return to Zhejiang, make good use of grassroots grid management and other mechanisms, and resolutely guard the "gate" of entering Zhejiang and the "small gate" of epidemic prevention; We will improve the emergency duty system for epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the transition from peacetime to wartime, put out the epidemic in the shortest time as soon as there is any situation, and resolutely hold the bottom line of no large-scale rebound.

　　The meeting was held in the form of video conference, and each city and county (city, district) set up sub-meeting places. The main person in charge of the relevant units under the provincial Ministry attended the main venue.

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The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee took "ruling the country according to law" as the theme for the first time, and clearly and comprehensively promoted the rule of law, built Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s legal system and built a socialist country ruled by law.

"Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core and strengthen the implementation of the Constitution."

"To adhere to the rule of law, we must first adhere to the constitution, and to adhere to the rule of law must first govern according to the constitution."

"Improve the constitutional implementation and supervision system, improve the constitutional supervision system of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation."

……

The series of statements in the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee are raising the full implementation of the Constitution to a new level, and have laid down a clear "road map" for comprehensively promoting and governing the country according to the Constitution, and then fully implementing the basic strategy of governing the country according to law.

党内重要文件首提“依宪治国”

党的十八届四中全会闭幕了，一张依法治国的新的“路线图”也由此展开。

“坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。”这是新中国成立以来，中国共产党第一次在重要文件里明确提出“依宪治国”和“依宪执政”的概念。

著名法学家郭道晖对此格外看重。他和李步云、江平一起被学界尊称为中国“法治三老”，他说：“这是公报里一个重要的亮点，也是最高领袖总书记在几次会议上提到的。”

的确，当选中共中央总书记刚刚20天，最高领袖就在纪念现行宪法公布施行30周年大会上提出：“依法治国，首先是依宪治国；依法执政，关键是依宪执政”。今年9月他在全国人民代表大会成立60周年大会讲话中再次强调这一理念。

关注有关信息，多位专家认为，这次四中全会公报给出了一个明确的信号，只有推进依宪治国和依宪执政，才能将形式上的法治逐步上升为实质上的法治。

上海交通大学凯原法学院院长季卫东解读认为，对于党来说，依宪治国是一个要不要把统治建立在共识的基础上的问题，要不要履行对人民的承诺的问题，要不要使得整个法律体系不会发生矛盾、一以贯之的问题，更重要的是要不要保障人的基本权利。

Xiaomei Liu, an associate researcher at the Institute of International Law of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country and the rule of law can form a platform by governing the country according to the Constitution, and the three can be unified under the Constitution.

Another expert explained that the life of law lies in its implementation, and the constitution is no exception. Without the comprehensive and effective implementation of the constitution, the goal of governing the country according to law cannot be truly realized. How the constitution is implemented can be regarded as a "yardstick" for governing the country according to law.

Insisting on governing the country according to the constitution still faces challenges and problems in concrete practice. Han Dayuan, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that civil servants, especially some senior cadres, have a weak constitutional concept, a weak constitutional consciousness and a lack of constitutional self-confidence on issues related to the core values and interests of the country, which leads to confusion of social values, damage to constitutional authority, and the phenomenon that the society does not act in accordance with the Constitution from time to time.

Mo jihong, vice president of china law society Constitutional Law Research Association, thinks that governing the country according to the constitution mainly refers to the specific strategies and methods of governing the country according to law. Governing the country according to law means that under the leadership of the party, the people are the masters of the country and govern the country according to the law, and the premise is the leadership of the party, and the key point is to govern the country according to the constitution.

Mo jihong said that every piece of legislation put forward in the communique is in line with the spirit of the Constitution. If legislation is not based on the Constitution, the Constitution will be shelved. Therefore, the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session particularly emphasized the guiding role of the Constitution in legislative work. To govern the country according to the constitution, we should do a good job in several tasks: constitutional implementation, constitutional interpretation and constitutional legislation.

Improve the constitutional supervision system, and the unconstitutional review will be ready.

The communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward: "Improve the system of constitutional implementation and supervision, and improve the system of constitutional supervision of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee".

This is the first time that the "constitutional supervision system" was written into the important document of the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Plenary Session after it was written into the 1982 Constitution.

"A timely investigation of unconstitutional acts is better than a thousand lectures on constitutional provisions and values." According to experts, during the 32 years since the "constitutional supervision system" entered the constitution, there has not been a constitutional review of a certain law, normative document or one of its provisions in China.

In this context, the new formulation of perfecting this system in the communique is particularly interesting. Among them, around "why should we implement constitutional supervision? Who will supervise? How to supervise? " Relevant experts made an interpretation.

"Without the supervision system, the constitution is a constitution without teeth." Li Buyun, a member of the Honorary Faculty of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that "to establish the authority of constitutional laws, we must establish a constitutional supervision system."

Guo Daohui, on the other hand, said that some laws and regulations and red-headed documents that only take care of the narrow interests of the department and local area, but infringe on the interests of the whole and citizens, and some administrative laws and regulations are ultra vires and violate the legislative procedures in formulating procedures, which are essentially unconstitutional.

The top leadership of the country has noticed that unconstitutional situations exist in different degrees throughout the country. On the 30th anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the current Constitution, when talking about the shortcomings and problems in the implementation of the Constitution, the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the main performance is that the supervision mechanism and specific system to ensure the implementation of the Constitution are still not perfect".

At present, there are two kinds of unconstitutional review systems in the world, one is the unconstitutional review system of ordinary courts, and the other is the unconstitutional review system of specialized agencies, the names of which are mostly constitutional courts or constitutional committees.

Articles 62 and 67 of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulate that one of the functions and powers of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee is to "supervise the implementation of the Constitution".

To improve this system, people in the legal field have concentrated their opinions on setting up a special constitutional supervision institution in the National People’s Congress.

Some experts pointed out that a basic common sense of constitutional science is that the ruling of constitutional disputes by the subject of constitutional supervision and unconstitutional review must be legally binding on all public authorities in the country, otherwise the relevant ruling will not be a real constitutional ruling.

A representative idea is that, on the basis of the existing nine special committees of the National People’s Congress, a constitutional supervision committee, composed of members of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the most qualified jurists, can be set up to put forward opinions on unconstitutional review and report them to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and finally the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress will discuss and decide.

"It is not of great significance to conduct an abstract review of the constitution, because it is unlikely that there will be a blatant violation of the explicit provisions of the Constitution." Ji Weidong believes that the unification of the legal system and the protection of human rights should be the two most important functions of unconstitutional review.

Improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation and make the constitution "live"

It is noteworthy that the Central Plenary Session with the theme of ruling the country according to law proposed to "improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation".

Ma Huaide, vice president of China University of Political Science and Law, explained: "This is a brand-new formulation, which puts forward specific requirements for the interpretation procedure of the Constitution. In fact, it is to make the Constitution’ live’."

"Many provisions of the Constitution are principled provisions and need to be explained in specific implementation." Mo jihong said that without constitutional interpretation, the implementation of the Constitution would fail.

Qin Qianhong, a professor at Wuhan University, believes that when the reform enters the deep water stage, there will often be "fights" between legislation and legislative and judicial interpretations. In order to unify the legal system, there must be a unified interpretation. No one can have the right to interpret the constitution, and everyone is a constitutional judge.

"In 1982, the Constitution was revised many times, which adapted to the development of the country and society to a certain extent. However, not all problems must be solved through constitutional amendment, and establishing a constitutional interpretation mechanism is one way. " Qian Hongdao, a professor at Zhejiang University, said.

Constitutional interpretation is considered as a shortcoming of the current rule of law construction by the legal circles. According to Article 67 of China’s Constitution, the first power exercised by the NPC Standing Committee is to "interpret the Constitution", but the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has not exercised this power for many years.

Formulating the Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Law has become an important voice in the legal field in recent years, and some experts are committed to seeking the idea of "perfecting the constitutional interpretation procedure mechanism" on the basis of existing laws.

Focusing on the subject of constitutional interpretation, Wang Gongyi, former director of the Research Office of the Ministry of Justice, said: "We have a problem now, that is, replacing legal interpretation with a large number of judicial interpretations, and sometimes even replacing constitutional interpretation, which is not in line with the law."

Another jurist pointed out that under the current constitution and people’s congress system, it is absolutely impossible for ordinary courts (including the Supreme People’s Court) to interpret the constitution.

Focusing on activating the existing system or mechanism, experts suggest that the mechanism stipulated in Article 90 of the Legislative Law can be effectively linked with the constitutional interpretation.

Article 90 of the Legislative Law stipulates that five major organs may request constitutional review of regulations. These five organs include the State Council, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the standing committees of people’s congresses of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The article also stipulates that citizens can also put forward suggestions for constitutional review to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC): "If they think that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations are in conflict with the Constitution or laws, they can submit a written request for review to the NPC Standing Committee, and the working organs of the Standing Committee will distribute it to the relevant special committees for review and comments."

Lin Laifan, a professor of constitutional law in Tsinghua University, thinks that citizens can activate the "procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation" with the help of individual cases, because this mechanism is closely related to citizens’ interests and has sufficient motivation to activate constitutional interpretation.

(In-depth news reporter Dong Lilong comprehensively reported by Xinhua News Agency, People’s Daily, Guangming Daily and other media)

be relevant

What does "the leadership of the party" express in the communique for 13 times?

In the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee with more than 5,000 words, there were 13 times of "Party leadership". Experts believe that this shows that the rule of law construction in China aims at strengthening the leadership of the Party, rather than promoting the Western-style political system.

"The leadership of the party is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most fundamental guarantee of socialist rule of law." This important concept was written in the communique for the first time, and it was put forward: "It is a basic experience in the construction of socialist rule of law in China to implement the party’s leadership in the whole process and all aspects of governing the country according to law."

Experts interpret that this is the first time to clarify the relationship between party leadership and governing the country according to law in the form of plenary documents, and to clarify the party’s position in governing the country according to law.

Ma Huaide, vice president of China University of Political Science and Law and professor of administrative law, believes that China has established the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leading position in the Constitution, and upholding the leadership of the Party is the proper meaning in promoting the rule of law.

The communique pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen and improve the party’s leadership over the rule of law and implement the party’s leadership throughout the whole process of comprehensively promoting the rule of law.

"Implementing the Party’s leadership in the whole process of comprehensively promoting the rule of law" is interpreted by experts as four major responsibilities: leading legislation, ensuring law enforcement, supporting the judiciary and taking the lead in obeying the law. The relationship between "the leadership of the party" and governing the country according to law is clearly defined, from the concept declaration level to the responsibility level. This clarity itself is the adherence to the concept of governing the country according to law.

In the view of Chun Wong, president of China University of Political Science and Law and vice president of china law society, the leadership of the Party used to be mainly ideological, political and organizational, but we neglected that there is another kind of leadership, that is, the leadership of the Party is realized through the formulation and implementation of the Constitution and laws.

At the legislative level, in February this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said at the second meeting of the Central Leading Group for Deepening Reform that all major reforms should be based on the law and ensure that reforms are promoted on the track of the rule of law. The person in charge of the research office of the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legal Affairs Commission said that after the CPC Central Committee has made political decisions, it should first legislate and then implement them to ensure that all reform measures are carried out on the track of the rule of law.

Ruling by law requires both the party to govern the country according to the constitution and laws, and the party to govern the party according to the internal laws and regulations of the party. The communique further clarified that "leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in obeying the law, take the lead in handling affairs according to law, and must not exercise their power illegally, let alone substitute words for laws, suppress laws with power, and bending the law."

"Take the effectiveness of the rule of law construction as an important part of measuring the performance of leading bodies and leading cadres at all levels, and incorporate it into the performance appraisal index system, and take whether you can abide by the law and act according to law as an important part of inspecting cadres." Experts believe that this clear requirement of the plenary session will undoubtedly further improve party member cadres’ legal thinking and ability to handle affairs according to law.