All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Education Department (Education Committee), Intellectual Property Office (Intellectual Property Management Department), Science and Technology Department (Committee, Bureau), Education Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Intellectual Property Office, Science and Technology Bureau, Education Department (Bureau) of relevant departments (units), Intellectual Property Management Agency, Science and Technology Department, and colleges and universities jointly established by the ministries and provinces:

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of the Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy, the level of creation, application and management of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities has been continuously improved, and the number of patent applications and authorizations has been greatly improved. However, compared with foreign high-level universities, there are still some problems in Chinese university patents, such as "emphasizing quantity over quality" and "emphasizing application over implementation". In order to comprehensively improve the quality of university patents, strengthen the creation, application and management of high-value patents, and give full play to the important role of universities in serving economic and social development, the following opinions are put forward.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, implement the deployment of the National Education Conference, adhere to the new development concept, closely follow the main line of high-quality development, thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property rights, comprehensively improve the quality of patent creation, utilization efficiency, management level and service ability of colleges and universities, promote new progress in scientific and technological innovation and discipline construction, and support the construction of a strong country with education, science and technology and intellectual property rights.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Adhere to quality first. Firmly grasp the requirements of high-quality development of intellectual property rights, adhere to quality priority, identify the breakthrough, enhance pertinence, and always run high-quality through the whole process of intellectual property creation, management and application in colleges and universities.

　　Highlight the transformation orientation. We should establish the idea that innovation value can only be realized by transforming scientific and technological achievements such as patents in colleges and universities, and that non-transformation is the biggest loss, and highlight the orientation of transformation and application, which will force the optimization and promotion of intellectual property management in colleges and universities.

　　Strengthen policy guidance. Give play to the important role of policies such as financial aid, evaluation and evaluation in promoting reform and guiding work, and establish and constantly improve various policies and measures that are conducive to improving patent quality and strengthening transformation and application.

　　(III) Main objectives

　　By 2022, the whole process management system of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities covering patent navigation and layout, patent application and maintenance, patent transformation and application will be more perfect, and it will be organically integrated with the scientific and technological innovation system of colleges and universities and the transfer and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements. By 2025, the patent quality of colleges and universities will be significantly improved, and the patent operation ability will be significantly enhanced. The patent authorization rate and implementation rate of some colleges and universities will reach the level of world-class universities.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) improve the intellectual property management system

　　1. Improve the overall coordination mechanism of intellectual property rights. Colleges and universities should set up a leading group for the management and operation of intellectual property rights or a leading group for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, coordinate scientific research, intellectual property rights, state-owned assets, personnel, transfer and transformation of achievements, libraries and other relevant institutions, actively implement the "Regulations on the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in Colleges and Universities" (GB/T 33251-2016), and form an overall coordination mechanism integrating scientific and technological innovation with intellectual property rights management and transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities that have set up leading groups for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements should bring intellectual property management into the scope of responsibilities of the leading groups.

　　2. Establish and improve the intellectual property management process of major projects. Colleges and universities should embody intellectual property management in all aspects of project selection, project establishment, implementation, conclusion, achievement transfer and transformation. Explore and establish a sound patent navigation mechanism around major national scientific research projects such as major scientific and technological innovation 2030 projects and key R&D plans. Before the project is established, patent information and literature information are analyzed, intellectual property risk assessment is carried out, the research technology route is determined, and the starting point of research and development is improved; During the implementation of the project, track the work trends in the research field of the project, adjust the research direction and technical route in a timely manner, evaluate the research results in a timely manner and form intellectual property rights; Before the acceptance of the project, we should take the transformation and application as the guide, do a good job in patent layout and technical secret protection, and form a list of intellectual property rights of the project results; After the completion of the project, strengthen the implementation of patent application and promote the transfer and transformation of achievements. Encourage colleges and universities to strengthen the layout of intellectual property rights in strategic emerging industries and related industries in major national economic fields around advantageous and characteristic disciplines, and strengthen the application for international patents.

　　3. Gradually establish the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities should strengthen the management and service of scientific and technological innovations from the source, and gradually establish and improve the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Scientific researchers should actively and timely disclose their post-related scientific and technological achievements to their universities. Colleges and universities should improve the legal risk awareness of scientific researchers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, guide scientific researchers to carry out scientific and technological achievements transfer and transformation activities according to law, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of colleges and universities. Without the permission of the unit, no one may use the scientific and technological achievements of his position to engage in the establishment of enterprises and other acts. The disclosure of scientific and technological achievements in classified positions should strictly abide by the relevant provisions on confidentiality.

　　(two) to carry out pre-application evaluation of patent.

　　4. Establish a pre-application patent evaluation system. Conditional colleges and universities should speed up the establishment of pre-patent application evaluation system, clarify the evaluation institutions and processes, cost sharing and incentives, and evaluate the technology to be patented, so as to decide whether to apply for a patent and effectively improve the quality of patent application. The evaluation work can be carried out by the intellectual property management department (technology transfer department) of our school or by the entrusted market-oriented institutions. For the post-service scientific and technological achievements that the evaluation institution considers unsuitable to apply for a patent after evaluation, and the losses caused to the university due to the abandonment of patent application, if the relevant responsible person has fulfilled the obligation of diligence and did not seek illegal interests, he may be exempted from the decision-making responsibility of giving up patent application according to the law and regulations. For the job-related scientific and technological achievements formed by projects entrusted by enterprises and other social organizations, the parties involved in the contract are allowed to decide independently whether to apply for patents.

　　5. Clear ownership of property rights and cost sharing. Colleges and universities are allowed to explore the ownership reform of service inventions, and give full play to the role of property rights incentives and cost sharing in accordance with the principle of equal rights and obligations to promote the quality of patents. Inventors may not use financial funds to pay patent fees.

　　After the patent application evaluation, inventors are encouraged to bear the patent fees for the post-service scientific and technological achievements that universities decide to apply for patents. If the university divides the ownership with the inventor, the inventor shall bear the patent fee in proportion to the property right. If the ownership is not divided, it is necessary to clarify the patent cost sharing and income distribution; If colleges and universities bear all the patent fees, the income from patent transformation will be distributed according to the established proportion after deducting the patent fees and other costs; If the inventor bears part or all of the patent fees, the patent fees and other costs shall be deducted from the income obtained from patent transformation, and the patent fees borne by the inventor shall be deducted twice and returned to the inventor, and then distributed according to the established proportion.

　　After the patent application evaluation, the university should conclude a written contract with the inventor to transfer the patent application right or patent right in accordance with legal procedures, and allow the inventor to apply for a patent on his own. After authorization, the patent right belongs to the inventor, and the patent expenses are borne by the inventor. After deducting the patent application and operation and maintenance expenses, the inventor will pay the income to the university according to the agreed proportion.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of specialized institutions and talent teams

　　6. Strengthen technology transfer and the construction of intellectual property operating institutions. Support qualified universities to establish specialized institutions integrating technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation, and guarantee personnel, venues and funds. Through the platform and pilot demonstration construction such as "National Intellectual Property Pilot Demonstration University", "University Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation and Technology Transfer Base" and "University National Intellectual Property Information Service Center", we will promote the construction of technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation system, and continuously improve the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements in universities. Encourage colleges and universities to explore the market-oriented operation mechanism and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of professional institutions and talents.

　　Support the construction of market-oriented intellectual property operating institutions and provide professional services such as intellectual property, legal consultation, achievement evaluation and project financing for universities. Encourage colleges and universities to cooperate with third-party intellectual property operation service platforms or institutions, and give intermediary service fees to third-party professional institutions from the proceeds from the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Encourage the combination of universities and localities, and set up industrial intellectual property operation centers around the industrial planning and layout of various localities and the academic advantages of universities.

　　7. Accelerate the construction of professional talents. Support colleges and universities to set up courses related to technology transfer and intellectual property operation, strengthen the construction of intellectual property related majors and disciplines, create a professional talent team of intellectual property management and technology transfer by combining introduction and education, and promote the construction of professional talent team. Encourage colleges and universities to set up expert committees on the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and introduce technical managers to participate in the whole process of the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, such as invention disclosure, value evaluation, patent application and maintenance, technology promotion and docking negotiation, so as to promote the application of patent transformation.

　　8. Establish an intellectual property management and operation fund. Support colleges and universities to raise funds to set up intellectual property management and operation funds through school grants, local awards, and the proceeds from the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, so as to entrust third-party professional institutions to carry out intellectual property management and operation such as patent navigation, patent layout and patent operation, as well as the construction of technology transfer professional institutions and talent teams, so as to form a good cycle of transformation benefits and promotion of transformation.

　　(D) Optimize the policy system

　　9. Improve the talent evaluation and employment system. Colleges and universities should be guided by quality and transformation performance, pay more attention to indicators such as patent quality and transformation application, and resolutely put an end to simply taking the amount of patent application and authorization as the assessment content and increase the weight of patent transformation application performance in policies such as title promotion, performance appraisal, post appointment, project completion, talent evaluation and scholarship evaluation. Support colleges and universities to independently set up a series of technical and management posts for technology transfer and transformation according to the relevant regulations on post setting management, and encourage researchers and managers to engage in the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　10. Optimize the incentive policy for patent funding. Colleges and universities should take optimizing patent quality and promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements as the guide, stop funding and rewarding patent applications, greatly reduce and gradually cancel the rewards for patent authorization, and reward inventors or teams by increasing the proportion of transformation income and other "post-subsidy" methods.

　　Third, organize the implementation

　　(1) Improve the working mechanism. The Ministry of Education, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the Ministry of Science and Technology shall establish a regular communication mechanism to study the patent application, authorization and transformation in colleges and universities in a timely manner. Colleges and universities should deeply understand the importance of further improving patent quality, adhere to quality first, actively promote the patent quality improvement work to be included in the important agenda, further improve the level of intellectual property work, and promote the creation and application of intellectual property rights. Other types of intellectual property management can be implemented with reference to this opinion.

　　(2) Strengthen policy guidance. The transfer and transformation performance of scientific and technological achievements, such as patent transformation, is regarded as an important indicator of dynamic monitoring, effectiveness evaluation and discipline evaluation of the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines. It is not only to assess the number of patents, but also to highlight the transformation and application. Select a number of universities to carry out professional intellectual property operation or technology transfer personnel training, and constantly improve the intellectual property operation and technology transfer capabilities of universities. China National Intellectual Property Administration strengthens the examination of patent applications and strictly controls the quality of patents. Oppose the publication and resolutely resist the ranking of patent applications and authorizations in colleges and universities.

　　(three) the implementation of record monitoring. Before the end of March each year, colleges and universities will record the patents that have been transformed and implemented in the form of license, transfer, price share or joint ownership with enterprises through the China National Intellectual Property Administration system. According to the filing situation, the Ministry of Education and China National Intellectual Property Administration publish the implementation of patent transformation in colleges and universities every year, and monitor the patent transactions. According to "Several Provisions on Standardizing Patent Application Behavior" (China National Intellectual Property Administration Decree No.75, 2017), abnormal patent applications in colleges and universities are monitored every quarter. For colleges and universities with more than 5 abnormal patent applications per quarter or with abnormal patent applications accounting for more than 5% of the total patent applications this year, China National Intellectual Property Administration will cancel its qualification to declare the China Patent Award next year.

　　(4) Innovative licensing model. Encourage colleges and universities to carry out patent implementation transformation by means of ordinary license, and improve the transformation efficiency. Support the innovation licensing model of colleges and universities, and patents that have been granted the patent right for three years and have not been implemented without justifiable reasons can determine the relevant licensing conditions, publish them through the relevant platform of national intellectual property operation, and open the license to the society within a certain period of time.

Ministry of Education China National Intellectual Property Administration Ministry of Science and Technology

February 3, 2020

Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, July 6th Title: The water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River has maintained Class II for three consecutive years.

Xinhua News Agency reporters Hui Xiaoyong, Li Siyuan and Tanaka Quan.

The reporter recently learned from a marching interview along the Yangtze River that with the continuous implementation of the great protection of the Yangtze River, the water ecological quality of the Yangtze River has improved significantly. According to the data of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, since 2020, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River has remained Class II for three consecutive years, and the Yangtze River, which was once "not seriously ill", has achieved "initial recovery after illness".

"The national control section of the main stream of the Yangtze River has reached Class II water quality for three consecutive years, which meets the drinking water standard." Xu Yi, director of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that overall, the health level of the water ecosystem in the Yangtze River Basin has improved year by year, and the ecological function has been significantly improved. The proportion of water quality section with Grade III in the Yangtze River Basin has increased from 81.8% in 2015 to 98.1% in 2022.

The Yangtze River, the mother river of the Chinese nation, has nourished thousands of waters and Qian Shan for thousands of years. Influenced by the extensive development mode for many years, "the Yangtze River is sick, and it is not very sick". In recent years, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the Yangtze River basin have placed the restoration of the Yangtze River ecology in an overwhelming position, successively implementing the "closing and moving" of chemical enterprises along the Yangtze River, tackling the key problems of comprehensive improvement of the Yangtze River coastline, and banning fishing in key waters of the basin for 10 years … Many times of "surgery" and several doses of "good medicine" have gradually solved a series of water ecological problems in the Yangtze River.

Up to now, a total of 60,000 kilometers of river and lake shorelines have been investigated in the Yangtze River basin, and more than 85,000 sewage outlets have been found, which has solved more than 42,000 problems of direct and disorderly sewage discharge. 1,703 centralized sewage treatment facilities were built in provincial and above industrial parks, and 752 problems such as imperfect sewage pipe network and abnormal operation of facilities were solved. 1054 tailings ponds with environmental problems have been rectified.

People don’t live up to rivers, and rivers will live up to people. At present, the Yangtze River, finless porpoises frequently appear, and the number has gradually increased to 1249, becoming the new favorite of cities along the Yangtze River; The frequency of the fish disappeared in the Yangtze River for many years increased rapidly. Coilia ectenes, one of the "Three Seasons of the Yangtze River", returned to Dongting Lake to lay eggs. In 2022, 193 species of fish were detected in key waters of the Yangtze River, an increase of 25 species compared with 2020.

Institutional changes related to the water ecological protection of the Yangtze River are also under way. At present, the Yangtze River basin is taking the lead in pilot water ecological assessment, which is another major progress and innovation in ecological protection.

"From focusing only on water quality in the past to focusing on water ecological changes now, it marks that the main task of water ecological protection in the Yangtze River has shifted from water pollution prevention to equal emphasis on overall water ecological protection and restoration." Xu Wei said.

1905 movie network news Producer Ning Hao, director of the bid for the Olympic Games, the film starring Dapeng, Ada and Zhang Zixian exposed feature clips, accompanied by the magical melody of the movie episode "Unbridable" sung by Ada, Yue Miao (Ada) officially moved into the "Guangyu Express Internet Cafe" in Wuhai (Dapeng), but the two started "sweet cohabitation" but were hit by "express delivery", and Miao Miao went crazy online shopping, which made Wuhai frequently sign for express delivery. As the latest masterpiece of "Bad Monkey" brand, the film The Beneficiary has received rave reviews and the popularity has been soaring since its release. Topics such as "Dapeng’s letter to Ada", "Yue Miaomiao played by Ada" and "Will you expose the other half’s lies" have repeatedly appeared in hot searches, causing heated discussions. Up to now, the cumulative box office of movies has exceeded 100 million, and the first day of the box office won the first place in the same period.

Ada Crazy Online Shopping Dapeng "Hand Tearing Express"

Ghosts and animals are like you after the Double Eleven.

The movie The Beneficiary begins with a marriage scam with ulterior motives. Forced by life, Wu Hai (Dapeng) conspires with his friend Zhong Zhenjiang (Zhang Zixian), trying to marry online celebrity anchor Yue Miaomiao (Ada) and trick him into signing an insurance policy for huge profits. Wu Hai’s sweet words and meticulous care led Miao Miao into the game step by step. In the latest feature film, Wu Hai took Miao Miao to his own residence and started a sweet world of two people … … After laying out the background and setting up the equipment, Miao Miao continued to broadcast "Tuwei Didi" live, but Wu Hai on the other side was "crazy crit" by the courier brother. Accompanied by the sound of "Yue Miao Miao, your express", Wu Hai frequently signed and unpacked, and his skillful operation matched the melody of demonic brainwashing, which truly reproduced the lively status quo of "welcoming the Double Eleven" online shopping in life and burst into laughter.

"Beneficiary" was praised for "seeing the truth of life" at the box office.

"Hit the softest heart with the truest emotion"

Box office broke 100 million, word of mouth exploded, and the popularity soared … … Since the film The Beneficiary was released, the humorous and absurd story full of warmth has made the audience feel refreshed. On the first day of release, it won the first place at the box office in the same period, with a cat’s eye score of 9.0. Up to now, the box office of the film has exceeded 100 million. Many netizens praised it as "more touching and tearful than romantic movies, more clever and humorous than comedies" and "movies directly hit the softest heart with the truest emotions". With the popularity of the film, the ordinary but extraordinary love-hate entanglement between Wu Hai and Miao Miao triggered a hot discussion on the whole network. Most netizens commented that "when all the lies meet the true feelings, the goodness in human nature will be awakened." At the same time, the dilemma between human nature and material in the film also touched the audience’s resonance and discussion, and they all felt that "the film has both smiles and tears, from which we can see the truth of life."

As another masterpiece of realism with the brand of "Bad Monkey", the movie "The Beneficiary" continues the attention of producer Ning Hao and Bad Monkey Film to the realistic theme, shows the tender moments of little people living together and sticking to love in a narrative way interwoven with suspense and humor, portrays the struggles and efforts of ordinary people in real society, and makes the audience admire "not only the joy of watching movies, but also the courage to invest in the turbulent life torrent".

　　With the promotion of cooperation among the three parties in various fields and the concrete implementation of projects, it is not important whether they merge or not.

　　If we talk about the rumors in the car industry, the first one is the merger of FAW, Dongfeng and Changan. As soon as there is trouble, there will be a wave of merger rumors.

　　No, the three joint venture travel companies have made the latest progress, and it is estimated that a new wave of merger rumors will come again.

　　On March 22, Changan Automobile (000625) announced at noon that it had jointly invested with Suning Investment Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd. and Dongfeng Motor (600006) Group Co., Ltd. in Nanjing to establish the equity investment partnership (limited partnership) of Nanjing Leading Bank, with a total share of 9.76 billion yuan.

　　Other investors include Shenzhen Tencent New Travel Limited Partnership (Limited Partnership), Hangzhou Alibaba Venture Capital Management Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Shijiali Asset Management Co., Ltd., Wuxi Feiye Investment Co., Ltd., Xianning Rongxun Smart Travel Industry Investment Fund (Limited Partnership), Nanjing Hengchuang Yunzhi Network Technology Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Leading Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd.

　　Among the many funders, Suning contributed 1.7 billion yuan, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan each contributed 1.6 billion yuan, and Tencent and Ali jointly contributed 2.25 billion yuan with three other funders, but their specific contributions are unknown.

　　Today, Dongfeng Motor also issued a similar announcement, announcing the news with pleasure.

　　The joint venture travel company will invest in the shared travel industry with new energy vehicles as the main part. The project aims at creating a networked and shared "new ecology of smart travel" and "strives to become the most reliable travel service enterprise in China".

　　The partnership travel company will be managed by a qualified fund management company entrusted by Nanjing Leading Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd.. In addition to providing abundant resource support, investors in the project will also introduce socialized mature talents and mature management experience in core positions to improve the level of operation and management.

　　In the future, this travel company will be a completely market-oriented operation mode.

　　Dongfeng revealed in the announcement that the joint venture company will integrate online transportation platforms, offline car sharing and mobile operations, asset management companies and big data centers, thus connecting consumers and automakers.

　　If the project lands, it will not only actively promote the traditional vehicle business of the three car companies, but also bring about sales increment, further improve the enterprise ecosystem and accelerate the pace of transformation.

　　After the announcement, the daily limit of Changan Automobile and Dongfeng Motor increased, while the share prices of FAW Car (000800) and faw xiali rose to varying degrees.

　　Tripartite cooperation has landed in the field of travel

　　In July 2018, FAW, Dongfeng and Chang ‘an signed a mobile travel intention agreement and decided to form a joint venture T3 travel service company. This time, the three parties joined forces with many external partners to jointly set up the equity investment partnership of Nanjing Leading Bank, which is the landing of T3 travel project.

　　The rumors of the merger of FAW, Dongfeng and Changan have a long history. At first, it should start with the change of defense of the leaders of the three groups, and then there is partial cooperation between enterprises. For example, in February 2017, Dongfeng and FAW signed a strategic framework agreement, and the two sides planned to jointly build a forward-looking common technology innovation center.

　　Soon, the three groups began all-round strategic cooperation.

　　On December 1, 2017, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement in Wuhan, which will cooperate in four major areas: forward-looking common technology innovation, automobile full value chain operation, joint "going out" and new business models.

　　Since then, the three parties have set up 12 project teams to carry out concrete project cooperation in macro-policy and industrial development research, vehicle platform, powertrain, new energy, intelligence, new business model, basic R&D and system construction, parts procurement, warehousing and logistics, manufacturing, international layout and capital cooperation.

　　Since entering 2018, various cooperation has begun to land.

　　On March 9, 2018, the three parties held a signing ceremony for the promotion meeting and project approval of cooperation projects in the manufacturing field in Wuhan.

　　On July 6, 2018, the three parties signed a T3 logistics strategic cooperation agreement in Wuhan to establish a "1+1+3" logistics enterprise strategic cooperation innovation model.

　　On July 13, 2018, the three parties signed a mobile travel intention agreement and decided to form a joint venture T3 travel service company.

　　On December 21, 2018, the three parties signed an intention agreement on joint venture and cooperation of T3 Technology Platform Company, which will focus on the research and development of the core systems, modules and platforms of the next generation of automobiles.

　　Until today, the equity investment partnership of Nanjing Leading Bank has surfaced, and the cooperation among the three parties in the field of travel has been substantially promoted.

　　Among the shareholders of the partnership travel company, in addition to the three central enterprises, there are also giants such as Suning, Tencent and Ali. Changan Automobile said in the announcement, "This project can make full use of the brand influence of all investors, attract policies and resources of all investors in technology, capital and flow, and create competitive advantages."

　　As you can imagine, the travel company has vehicle resources, channel resources, financial resources, and the background of central enterprises as an endorsement. Coupled with the brand influence of all parties, it is absolutely famous and rooted in Miao Hong. Therefore, the most nervous thing today should be Didi.

　　However, due to frequent security incidents and stricter industry supervision, the current shared travel industry is at a low point. In addition, car companies basically have their own travel projects or are deeply bound with external travel platforms, and the industry is in a state of vassal separation. As a latecomer, it remains to be seen whether Nanjing Leading Partnership can win the market.

　　Traditional merger is being abandoned.

　　The Medium-and Long-Term Development Plan of Automobile Industry jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2017 is a programmatic document for China to respond to the changes in the automobile industry and promote the strategy of strengthening the automobile country.

　　It is clearly stated in the Plan that "cooperation modes such as capital, technology, production capacity and brand within the automobile industry chain and across industries should be encouraged, and advantageous enterprises should be supported to form strong alliances through mutual shareholding and strategic alliances, so as to continuously improve industrial concentration" and "the reform of mixed ownership should be steadily promoted, and cooperation between state-owned enterprises and other non-public enterprises in production capacity, channels, investment and financing should be realized through market-oriented means and various modes".

　　This time, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan joined hands with cross-border partners to set up a travel company in the form of a partnership, which is an active exploration and innovation for the reform of mixed ownership and conforms to the policy orientation of the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for the Automobile Industry.

　　Auto business review believes that compared with the simple administrative means of enterprise merger, the more commercial operation mode and diversified equity management structure of Nanjing Leading Partnership are obviously more in line with the country’s current positioning of central enterprises.

　　With the promotion of cooperation between FAW, Dongfeng and Changan in various fields and the concrete landing of projects, the business is deeply integrated, and after the cooperation is on the right track, it is not important whether they merge or not.

　　The establishment of the partnership travel company indicates that the possibility of future merger of the three car companies is getting smaller and smaller.

　　In fact, there has been a trend around the world: traditional corporate mergers are being replaced by various ecosystems, alliances and cooperation. Cooperation is more important than ever for car companies, but the way they form alliances with each other is more and more inclined to date than marriage. (See "Why the new automobile industry alliance prefers" dating "to" marriage ")

　　Travel as a Service (TAAS) in the automotive industry? ? Under the general trend, the greater competition in the future is not between car companies, but between travel platforms. BMW and Daimler are merging their DriveNow and Car2Go car sharing businesses. Under the new competition mode, this horizontal alliance between car companies is obviously more important.

　　The same is true for FAW, Dongfeng and Changan to form a joint venture travel company. Moreover, the introduction of external multi-party partners can not only reduce investment costs, but also share possible risks.

　　In the process of traditional car companies transforming into mobile travel companies, the three car companies have joined forces with head companies in the Internet, finance, retail and other industries to enter the shared travel market, which is undoubtedly the fastest, lowest cost and least risk transformation mode.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: auto business review. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

The key function of the car networking technology is the driver, who can remotely control the car and monitor the safety of the car through mobile devices. Therefore, the car networking platform and the user’s APP form a complete car networking system.

In 1996, General Motors cooperated with Motorola Motor Company to launch the first networked car equipped with OnStar system. By using OnStar’s push-to-talk voice calling function, the owner will route the call to the call center in case of road emergency, so that professional staff can arrange emergency rescue. With the passage of time, the technology of car networking has been continuously upgraded, and it has gradually matured until today.

A typical example:

Car owners need to check whether the car can be locked when they leave the parking space. The car networking system enables car owners to ensure that their doors are locked by simply accessing the application on their mobile phones.

The key function of the car networking technology is the driver, who can remotely control the car and monitor the safety of the car through mobile devices. Therefore, the car networking platform and the user’s APP form a complete car networking system.

Each vehicle is connected to the vehicle networking system as an independent individual. The central control system, gateway system and electronic control system of the vehicle are the important hardware foundation of the vehicle networking. The central control system, gateway system and electronic control system are mainly composed as follows:

• Central control system:Air conditioning control system, vehicle entertainment information system, vehicle navigation and positioning system;
• Gateway system:T-Box (mainly including GPS/AGPS, SIM and some low-power GPS with its own power supply);
• Electronic control system:Automobile digital instrument, body control module BCM, battery management system BMS, driving computer ECU, engine management system EMS…… …

The main functions of the vehicle networking platform include vehicle information management, vehicle monitoring, vehicle control and statistical analysis of vehicle data.

• Information management:Model, T-Box, battery, sensor, SIM card, etc.
• Vehicle monitoring:Location, fault, CAN data, etc.
• Vehicle control:Control of car locks, doors, lights, windows, etc.
• Statistics:Speed, power, mileage, fault, etc.

The user APP can directly interact with the data of the car networking platform, or transfer the data to the car networking platform through a third-party business platform. The main function of the user APP is vehicle control, and the body system of car locks, doors, lights and windows is controlled.

The vehicle-mounted device controller and the vehicle-mounted T-Box form a local area network, and the vehicle-mounted T-box can access the Internet, so the vehicle-mounted device, the vehicle networking platform and the user’s mobile phone APP can interact with each other.

（1）CAN BUS

• High-speed CAN bus:The speed can reach 500kb/s, and the transmission information is large and the speed is fast. It is used to drive the system, and it is mainly connected with the driving system such as engine control unit, ABS control unit, airbag control unit and instrument cluster.
• Low speed CAN bus:The speed is 100kb/s, which is used in the car body system, and it is mainly connected with the car body system that does not require high data transmission rate, such as central locking, electric doors and windows, rearview mirror and interior lighting.

At present, the CAN bus connection modes in automobiles mainly include high-speed and low-speed CAN buses. In addition, there are some buses such as entertainment systems or intelligent communication systems in middle and high-class cars, and their transmission rates are higher, which can exceed 1 MB/s.

（2）OBD

OBD can monitor engine, catalytic converter, particulate trap, oxygen sensor, emission control system, fuel system, EGR and other systems and components.

• The OBD is connected to the electronic control unit ECU through various components information related to emissions, and the ECU can detect and analyze emissions-related faults;
• When there is an emission fault, ECU records the fault information and related codes, and sends out a warning through the fault light to inform the driver;
• ECU ensures the access and processing of fault information through standard data interface.

(3)I/O hardware

I/O hardware control vehicle is a part of the system that controls the vehicle by closing the relay, which is mainly used to modify the vehicle. Because the CAN protocol of the vehicle main engine factory can’t be obtained, we can only modify the vehicle, use T-Box to directly connect with some systems, and control the relay in the middle.

The vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform can connect the vehicle-mounted T-Box to the Internet through the 2G, 3G and 4G network cards installed on the T-Box, and report the real-time state data of the vehicle to the vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform in the form of messages, and the vehicle-to-vehicle networking platform also actively issues instructions to the T-Box to control the vehicle.

(1) The uplink data reported by the vehicle to the vehicle networking platform includes vehicle status (vehicle status, operation mode, vehicle speed, mileage, gear position, accelerator pedal stroke value and brake pedal status), positioning data (longitude, latitude, speed, etc.), BCM status (central locking, trunk, window, lights, horn, door and other body parts) and EAS status (air conditioning status, AC).

The methods of reporting data mainly include:

• Periodically, T-Box actively reports the state data of vehicles at regular intervals;
• Trigger reporting, when some state data of the vehicle changes, T-Box reports the vehicle data, for example, when the vehicle starts;
• Immediately call for reading, the vehicle networking platform actively inquires about the data, issues the command to obtain the data, and the T-Box immediately feeds back the vehicle status data;
• Feedback reporting: after the control command is issued through the vehicle networking platform, the execution result of the command is fed back.

(2) Downlink instructions issued by the vehicle networking platform to vehicles mainly include vehicle control (switch control of doors, windows, air conditioning, central control, lights, trunk, motor, etc.) and air conditioning control (switch, wind speed, cold and hot, wind direction, air volume, etc.), which are divided into the following three steps:

• The vehicle networking platform sends instructions to the t-box;
• T-Box sends instructions to the vehicle system;
• The execution result is fed back to the vehicle networking platform.

At present, users can directly interact with the car networking platform through the mobile APP, or interact with an independent business platform first, and then the business platform interacts with the car networking platform. This method is mostly used for time-sharing leasing. The user can issue control instructions for the vehicle and the acquired state data of the vehicle.

(1) Control instruction

Users control vehicles through APP, mainly including locks, doors, windows, trunks and air conditioners.

(2) Status data

The user needs to obtain the state data of the vehicle mainly including the real-time state of the lock, door, window, trunk and air conditioner and the feedback information of the result of issuing control instructions.

Bluetooth communication between vehicle and mobile phone mainly prevents the vehicle from controlling the vehicle by mobile phone through the network in the scene of no signal, so Bluetooth communication between vehicle and mobile phone mainly realizes the door lock control and start authorization of the vehicle.

(1) Static binding

Static binding is suitable for the use of private cars, and one-to-one long-term binding of mobile phones and vehicles.

• When vehicle information is entered on the vehicle networking platform, the Bluetooth information and MAC address of the mobile phone are entered, and the information is sent to the vehicle-mounted T-Box, and the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth information is sent to the mobile phone, thus completing the Bluetooth binding between the vehicle and the mobile phone.
• The mobile phone applies to bind the car Bluetooth, sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the car networking platform, and then the car networking platform forwards it to the car T-box, and sends the car Bluetooth information entered into the car networking platform in advance to the mobile phone to complete the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the vehicle.

(2) Dynamic binding

• When the vehicle-mounted SIM card has a signal, the mobile phone applies to bind the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth, sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the vehicle networking platform, which then forwards it to the vehicle T-box, and sends the vehicle-mounted Bluetooth information entered into the vehicle networking platform in advance to the mobile phone, thus completing the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the vehicle;
• When there is no signal from the car SIM card, the mobile phone applies for binding the car Bluetooth, and sends the mobile phone Bluetooth information and Mac address to the car networking platform, which forwards it to the car T-box, but it is unacceptable. At this time, the Bluetooth pairing information stored in the car networking platform and generated by the last car can be sent to the user’s mobile phone to complete the Bluetooth binding between the mobile phone and the car. In this way, every time the Bluetooth pairing information is used, a new pairing information is generated.

A few decades ago, you might not have imagined the Internet of Things in your life or the connected cars running on the highway.

However, today, the car, the car networking platform, the user APP and the data interaction among them form a complete car networking system. All this is happening now, and the future days are full of many possibilities. We have reason to believe that the Internet of Things will have a great impact on the automobile industry, mobile Internet enterprises and consumer groups.

This article was originally published by @ Dream by Dream. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

　　CCTV News:The number of market players in private enterprises accounts for more than 90%, which plays an important role in restoring and expanding consumption. How to fully release the consumption potential and enhance the basic role of consumption in economic development? Entrusted by the CPC Central Committee, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce started field research in Beijing, Jiangsu and other places in April this year around the theme of "actively playing the role of private enterprises in restoring and expanding consumption".

　　In Jiangsu Province, the research team of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce went deep into the production lines of Suzhou Food Store Fresh E-Commerce Co., Ltd., Mahayana Environmental Protection New Materials Co., Ltd., Good Boy Group Co., Ltd., and visited and inspected a number of consumer complexes, rural tourism projects, and old-age service projects on the spot to gain an in-depth understanding of the development status and demands of enterprises.

　　In Jiangsu, the research group of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce has also held symposiums of government departments, private enterprises and chambers of commerce to listen to opinions and suggestions. In recent years, Jiangsu’s consumption has been continuously expanded, upgraded and upgraded by continuously improving policies and systems to promote consumption. In the first quarter of this year, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Jiangsu Province reached 1,170.68 billion yuan, up 7.8% year-on-year, and the consumer market recovered obviously. Tourism, catering and other industries grew strongly, from January to — In March, Jiangsu’s catering revenue above designated size increased by 21.7% year-on-year. While the industry is recovering, the catering industry still faces pain points such as "high cost, low profit and difficult employment".

　　The research team also found that there are some problems in the consumer market, such as the lack of motivation for bulk consumption demand, the continuous weakening of residents’ consumption expectations, and the overall slow transformation of intelligent and digital commerce enterprises. The research team believes that the vast number of private enterprises should further improve in optimizing supply, creating new demand and building characteristic brands, adapt, lead and create new demand with high-quality supply, promote a virtuous circle of supply and demand at a higher level, promote the organic combination of expanding consumption and improving people’s quality of life, and drive the overall prosperity of the consumer market.

　　The research team also inspected the construction of three major construction projects, namely, the theater, the museum and the library of Tongzhou City Sub-center in Beijing, learned about the operation and development of the business district of City Avenue, and had discussions and exchanges with relevant departments of the Beijing Municipal Government and private entrepreneurs to learn in detail how Beijing can actively play the role of private enterprises in restoring and expanding consumption.

　　At the same time of on-the-spot investigation, the research team also conducted an online questionnaire survey on more than 100,000 private enterprises based on the quarterly operation survey system of private enterprises of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce. Through big data analysis, the outstanding problems faced by private enterprises in restoring and expanding consumption are summarized.

　　Qiu Xiaoping, Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce:After investigation, we study and put forward suggestions on optimizing policies for policy issues; In view of the enterprise’s own problems, we will work with relevant departments to promote the gathering of capital, technology, talents and other factors to the enterprise, and adapt, lead and create new consumer demand with high-quality supply; In view of the problems in market construction, we will give full play to the advantages of our chamber of commerce, and work with relevant departments to build a docking platform for production, supply and marketing to smooth the market cycle and promote the overall prosperity of the consumer market.

　　Nanfang Daily News (Reporter/Gao Xiaoping, Wei Hongquan) The first A-class car equipped with intelligent cockpit and reversing AEB function, a new car can have 50 color scheme options… On November 15, the 22nd Guangzhou International Automobile Exhibition opened, "New Energy Brother" BYD, GAC Group, popular "new power" XPeng Motors and "technology hegemony" Dongfeng Nissan and other Guangdong enterprises formed a "local army", with a full "black technology" one by one, seeking new growth in the increasingly fierce market competition.

　　According to the data of the Passenger Association, the penetration rate of domestic new energy vehicles reached 52.9% in October this year, an increase of 15 percentage points over the same period last year. "BYD, the world champion of new energy vehicles", and the eye-catching slogans inside and outside the auto exhibition hall attracted the attention of many visitors. This year, BYD for the first time bought the entire 2.1 exhibition hall, focusing on displaying its brands such as Looking Up Automobile, Dengshi Automobile, and Equation Leopard Automobile.

　　At a time when the competition of new energy vehicles is becoming more and more fierce, BYD continues to refresh the speed of the industry. In July and September this year, BYD’s 8 million and 9 million new energy vehicles were rolled off the production line respectively. Recently, BYD Chairperson and President Wang Chuanfu said that on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the BYD brand, the company is about to usher in the 10 million new energy vehicles rolled off the production line.

　　Guangdong has become an important support for China’s new energy vehicle production system. Data show that in the first three quarters of this year, Guangdong Province produced 2.2795 million new energy vehicles, and 1 out of every 4 new energy vehicles came from Guangdong.

　　BYD not only leads in the production of new energy vehicles, but also continues to break through in intelligent technology. The BYD "Xia" displayed on site is equipped with a cool "black technology" – AR projection side sliding door and tailgate function: in the locked state, close to the side sliding door or tailgate, AR projection automatically opens, and you can "open the door in the air" by tapping the flash icon with your foot, bringing users a comprehensive and convenient car experience and making life more ceremonial.

　　Whenever there is a large-scale auto show, the companies that "fight at home" are often the most active. Similar to BYD, GAC Group also covers the entire exhibition hall, and its GAC Toyota, GAC Honda, and GAC Aian all launch new energy products during the auto show. GAC Group General Manager Feng Xingya announced a three-year "Panyu Action": by 2027, the independent brand will account for more than 60% of the group’s total sales, challenging the independent brand to sell 2 million vehicles.

　　In order to achieve this goal, in the next three years, GAC’s own brand will launch 22 new models, of which 7 will be launched in 2025, covering all mainstream new energy power forms such as pure electric, extended range, and plug-in hybrid. Technically, GAC Trumpchi will cooperate with Huawei to launch three series of new mid-to-high-end SUVs, MPVs, and sedans, all equipped with Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving technology.

　　Behind the gradual increase in the penetration rate of new energy vehicles is the accelerating popularity of intelligent driving. XPeng Motors’ new brand MONA series debuted at the Guangzhou Auto Show. In order to better meet the pursuit of personalization by young consumers, Xiaopeng MONA M03 launched an official color change service, providing users with more than 50 customized color schemes. He Xiaopeng, chairperson of XPeng Motors, revealed that since the launch of Xiaopeng MONA M03, sales have exceeded 10,000 units for two consecutive months. Production capacity increased by 40% in November, and plans to increase the monthly production capacity target to 20,000 units before the Spring Festival next year.

　　Ten years ago, 1 out of every 10 cars sold in the country was produced in Guangdong; now, 1 out of every 4 new energy vehicles in the country is made in Guangdong. In the face of the competition, Guangdong has accumulated resources and accelerated gearshifts, forming a new energy automobile industry development pattern led by Guangzhou and Shenzhen and the industrial chain of the Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration. A world-class new energy automobile industry cluster has begun to emerge.

Tess Extended Life Model Y is a pure electric vehicle produced by Tesla, which has excellent performance and comfortable driving experience. This car has a long cruising range and low energy consumption, which is very suitable for home use. In 2024, the manufacturer’s guide price of TESS extended battery life Model Y starts from 249,900 yuan, and the specific price may vary depending on the configuration and region. This car has always performed very well in the market and has been loved by many consumers. If you are interested in this car, I suggest you pay attention to the local Tesla dealers for more preferential information and test drive opportunities.

　　In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush will start from January 26th and end on March 5th, with a total of 40 days. Tickets for the first day of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 (January 26th) will be on sale on January 12th (this Friday). Passengers who need to buy tickets can know the details and billing time through the China Railway 12306 website and the "Railway 12306" mobile phone client, so as to avoid the risks of ticket increase and personal information disclosure.

　　Opening time

　　The legal holidays for the Spring Festival in 2024 are from February 10th to February 17th, and the train tickets are pre-sold 15 days in advance.

　　New Year’s Eve train tickets (February 9th)-on sale on January 26th.

　　Train tickets for New Year’s Day (February 10th)-on sale on January 27th.

　　Train tickets for the second day of the Lunar New Year (February 11th)-on sale on January 28th.

　　Train tickets for the third day of New Year’s Day (February 12)-on sale on January 29.

　　Train tickets for the fourth day of the Lunar New Year (February 13th)-on sale on January 30th.

　　New Year’s Eve train tickets (February 14th)-on sale on January 31st.

　　12306 new ticket purchasing function goes online.

　　the other day

　　Railway 12306 mobile phone client

　　Introduce the pre-filling of ticket purchase requirements and

　　Two new functions of train ticket starting and reminding subscription

　　How to operate specifically?

　　Read a picture

　　↓↓↓

　　On January 10th, 12306 mobile client launched the function of booking tickets for students and migrant workers in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Since 0: 00 on January 10th, the mobile phone client of Railway 12306 has launched the function of booking tickets for students and migrant workers in Spring Festival travel rush. Eligible travelers and friends can book round-trip train tickets in Spring Festival travel rush through the mobile phone client zone of Railway 12306, which is a convenient measure for Railway 12306 to ensure the travel of key groups in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Guide to booking tickets for students and migrant workers

　　Comprehensive China Railway WeChat and CCTV News

Xiaonan heard that this winter is very cold, but Xiaonan is still very lucky, not only active in warm areas, but also talking with animals all the time! Love! Love (Xiao Nan is by no means a single bird! ), hugging little lions in South Africa, hooking up with slow sloths in the Amazon rainforest, and going deep into the forests of Indonesia to find orangutans. ……

However, many things are not as simple as imagined, just as even the best couples still have misunderstandings and contradictions with each other. As a common good friend of animals and human beings, Xiaonan often faces the question of "stepping on two boats with one foot".

-For example, in the Amazon rainforest, Xiaonan found many things, which are much more complicated than expected. If you don’t believe me, you can see how Mr. Huang, who is with Xiao Nan, "struggles internally" in the following article.

Wen Miao Huang Hongxiang

On the Amazon | sherry

"This is not the real Amazon rainforest. Look around, there are low shrubs and tall trees have disappeared. "

With the roar of the motor of the small wooden boat and the agitation of the Amazon river, pointing to the "forest" on both sides of the strait that tourists are moved by, our orientation has made us sigh like this. He has been to the depths of the Amazon river basin, where the trees are towering, and the banks can see flying macaws and drinking leopards.

In our location, around Iquidos, the capital city of the Amazon rainforest region in Peru, such forests and animals no longer exist because of logging and human activities.

Trees along the Amazon River are no longer "towering" | Huang Hongxiang　

The indigenous people here have also lived a modern life. They will only take off their clothes when tourists arrive and perform the gesture of "primitive tribe". After work, they will put on T-shirts to watch TV and soak in bars.

Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest with the richest biodiversity in the world. It is called the lung of the earth. 60% of this rainforest is in Brazil and 13% in Peru. From Peru’s point of view, 60% of the country is Amazon rainforest.

On the Amazon | sherry

It is saying goodbye to us: the rainforest is disappearing rapidly because of various reasons such as timber industry, oil exploitation, road development and rubber planting; River water has been polluted more and more because of mining and chemical industry. A large number of wildlife smugglers grab wild animals from the forest and sell them to zoos and local tyrants all over the world.

Of course, on the way to say goodbye, the rainforest is not without some struggles, even if it is twisted and wriggling, not too elegant. And this may also be the epitome of the global animal protection and environmental protection.

Eco-tourism: disturbing animals or keeping them at gunpoint?

Trying to tear off Teman’s Goma map | Huang Hongxiang

Goma leaned the wooden boat against the shore, struggled to pull a rich vine three or four meters high among the trees, and finally pulled it off.

"See the sloth’s face?" Goma pointed to the sloth that was exposed because the cover was torn off and began to crawl higher slowly, and smiled at us innocently.

Silhouette of "Exposed" sloth | Huang Hongxiang

Goma is the local guide of a leading travel agency on an internationally renowned travel platform, and this company takes "responsible travel" as its publicity highlight.

During the three-day and two-night trip, he dutifully helped tourists to see as many animals as possible at close range and gain a deeper and three-dimensional jungle experience: he would feed bananas to wild monkeys with long wooden poles, so that they could come to the branches and leaves of the river bank from the high treetops;

Goma feeds bananas to monkeys in trees on the shore | sherry

He will grab the small caiman in the water with his bare hands during the night flight and take photos for tourists. He will also help tourists catch piranhas and bring them back to the camp to become the food of the guests.

Follow Goma to catch small crocodiles at night | Huang Hongxiang

Seeing the palm-sized piranha being strung on a stick and its mouth moving, I felt a little uncomfortable. I remembered the experience of another ecological trip in Ecuador six years ago: the guide caught piranha, took pictures of us and then threw it back into the water.

At that time, I wondered whether these fish could survive even if they were put back into the water, and whether this kind of eco-tourism that would bring harm to wild animals was "ecological" enough, or compared with the "pot calling the kettle black" that directly hunted animals.

At that time, I desperately wanted to maximize the interests of animals. Therefore, in my critical eyes, eco-tourism is not good enough. The most "ecological" way should be that humans should never set foot in this rainforest. Otherwise, even the floating gasoline on the river brought by ships, the huge roar of motors and the activities when tourists approach may be disturbing animals.

Compared with the trip in Ecuador, I saw a series of great disturbances to animals, and my doubts were even stronger this time.

Will the initial intention of eco-tourism be gradually forgotten in commercialization, or are we slipping from "fifty steps" to "one hundred steps" unconsciously?

I returned to Iquidos from the jungle with doubts and met the hospitable boss in a Chinese restaurant. He told us that the Chinese bought a lot of jaguar teeth here. It is illegal for Chinese to hunt jaguars, so they just tell the aborigines who have the right to hunt legally that they are willing to buy them, and the aborigines will hunt them.

In the past, the aborigines only killed jaguars when they were threatened, and the amount of hunting was very small, maybe one or two a year. Today, however, nearly 100 leopards in this area have become tiger teeth in the hands of Chinese to ward off evil spirits and tiger whips to strengthen yang every year. In a few years, the jaguar tooth has changed from a few sols (one sol is about two yuan) to a few hundred or even thousands of sols.

Piranha map provided by Amazon Rainforest Restaurant | sherry

"The number is getting smaller and smaller," local hunters will sigh. Then they stepped up hunting, because "staying there will be killed by others and the money will be earned by others."

"We used to kill a lot of monkeys, tigers and cats and other animals here. Today, because of tourism, we kill a lot less. After all, we can make money by showing tourists." Goma told us.

A photo taken in this Amazon eco-hotel.

In his village, because of the eco-hotel where he works, the income of villagers increases every year. In order to please tourists, the aborigines have to say that they are disturbing wild animals on a scale different from that of hundreds of years ago, but at least they are no longer hunting wild animals.

Breeding and export of wild animals

Turning animals into playthings or replacing illegal capture?

Brother Yu counted the capybara in the yard and proudly told us that he exported 80% of the legal capybara in China Zoo and Mengchong Paradise.

Interactive picture of capybara between Zhongnanwu students and Yuge’s family | Huang Hongxiang

Yuge, from Shanghai, is in his forties this year. He runs the top three local animal export companies in Iquidos, Peru. What he has done is to export all kinds of capybara, monkeys, macaws, reptiles and tropical fish from the Amazon rainforest to China Zoo and Mengchong Paradise. His family has a long-tailed tiger cat, a wild animal with beautiful fur in the Amazon rainforest.

Holding brother Yu’s long-tailed tiger cat

Zoos, cute pet parks and animal trade are sensitive topics for international animal protectors today. A few years ago, Zimbabwe sold a batch of baby elephants to China Zoo. Although it was legal, it still attracted many people’s criticism. It is criticized by many people to take the elephant away from his parents and send it to other distant villages for people to enjoy, but it is easy to die in the process.

"Boycott zoos, aquariums, contact with animals and taking photos with animals" is the political correctness of many environmentalists today.

But is it really that simple?

According to Yu Ge, their animal sources must be legal: they were seized from poachers, or they were rescued wild animals that could not be released. After getting these animals, they will breed and export their offspring. These animals have a strict numbering and recording system, and the legal export of an animal takes up to half a year.

The tortoise map that Yuge’s family will import to China in the future | Huang Hongxiang

Faced with the demand for animals from zoos and even private buyers all over the world, such a system is bound to be in short supply. Brother Yu knew an American who was in Iquidos and focused on raising snakes. He had an extremely rare jade tree, and after waiting for 20 years, he could not find another one to pair with, so it was hard to say when he could breed.

Even so, he refused to buy jadeite trees from illegal sources.

Therefore, in fact, there is a large amount of illegal animal trade today: smugglers directly buy wild animals from local people and smuggle them around the world. The price of such animals may be a fraction of that of legal animals, and the delivery cycle is very short, so it can be delivered quickly.

Wildlife trade is the third largest illegal trade in the world after drugs and guns.

Different from drugs, the punishment of animal trade is still very light in many countries today, and it can often be fined. Smugglers are the least afraid of fines-an animal can be bought for hundreds of dollars in its place of origin, and it can be sold for tens of thousands of dollars or more in China. It’s no big deal to smuggle ten times and get caught several times.

"Today, China is the largest market for wildlife in the world, and a large number of wildlife are smuggled in the China market." Brother Yu told us that in fact, legal animal traders are on the opposite side of illegal animal traders-although no animal protection organization has ever cooperated with him to fight.

Many animal protection organizations and their sponsors are afraid of being seen standing with controversial people, even if cooperation can better protect animals.

Turtle meat sold in the market near the Amazon rainforest | sherry

Today, many animal breeding, traders and breeding bases have become white washing places for poaching animals. Brother Yu said that he didn’t do those illegal things, but only bred wild animals legally and sent them to zoos and cute pet parks to get close to people and play.

Not to mention whether it is really legal will be questioned, even if it is legal, because of many problems such as animal trafficking, contact, photo taking, etc., the business itself is also condemned.

Saved a turtle from the market and prepared to release it to the rainforest | Huang Hongxiang

How high a threshold should we set for animal protection?

As an investigator of international wildlife products trade, and as an educator concerned about animal protection and nature education, many people have asked me many questions about zoos, animal trade, animal contact and animal protection.

I always say that these things are very complicated and difficult to sum up in one word, and it is best not to let your existing prejudices stop you from hearing different voices.

Many people always like to see people and things from a black-and-white perspective: those who buy and sell ivory are heinous criminals; It is inhuman to take tourists hunting; Close contact with wild animals is to turn animals into playthings.

Photo taken with a sloth of a family in Amazon rainforest | sherry

I don’t support these behaviors, but after seeing the complicated aspects of the world, I am worried about oversimplifying judgment.

The world is not black and white, and we need to remember more that what we see may not be all. We need to listen more to what we don’t hear and understand people and things we don’t understand-especially when we want to find a solution to the problem instead of just "condemning" ourselves.

Smith, a friend of mine in South Africa, is engaged in "volunteer tourism". Every year, he sends a large number of volunteers from all over the world to a big cat base to get in close contact with several lions in the base. Those lions lost their ability to return to the wild because they were taken away by poachers and sold to zoos or rich people’s homes, and became pet lions accustomed to living with people, even after being rescued.

Walking with KAI, a little male lion growing up beside human beings | Banete

Many people attacked him, thinking that what he did violated the rules of animal protection-wild animals should not be in close contact with people and become pets and playthings.

Smith, who considers himself an animal protector, is very wronged:

"In a perfect world, people and wild animals should certainly not be in close contact. But the world is not perfect. Humans are constantly destroying the habitats of animals and hunting them. In this case, these individual animals have been unable to return to the wild for various reasons. Why can’t they interact with people on the premise of their comfortable life and play a certain educational role, so as to cultivate people’s love for animals, especially those who don’t like animals that much? Today, you don’t let people who don’t like animals themselves touch animals, saying that it violates animal protection ethics, but one day he may directly hunt animals or take away their habitats! "

Interview with Smith and park staff in South Africa

Smith called these animal protectionists Purist. These people live in their own world, have a lot of "should", speak a lot of terms, and judge others with these moral superiority, but they don’t realize that those who participate in their activities and recognize their propaganda are not those who would buy illegal animal products and hurt animals. They have long been separated from the public who really decide the fate of many animals in the world.

"They feel good about themselves, but they don’t really contribute much, because they just move in their own small circle."

Smith feels that every year, for various reasons, including the reason that it is not particularly "correct" to take photos with lions, international visitors who come to South Africa gradually like animals and develop the concept of animal protection in the project, which is a real contribution.

Close contact between the students and the little lion in the big cat park | ansen

"People who feel that there is something wrong with my project, please come to investigate in person to understand the specific situation. If there is any problem, please report it. Don’t come and have never been here. If you don’t investigate, you will be self-righteous."

He was a little angry with an American woman who tirelessly "reminded" everyone not to go to his project on facebook, because the American woman who said that their project was not good at all had never been to their base for investigation, or even to South Africa.

What Smith said resonated in my heart.

In the past few years, especially in the investigation, I have come into contact with too many people who are completely different from the "animal protectionists": they don’t like animals, don’t care about animal protection, and turn a blind eye to or even hate the education of various animal protection organizations. Therefore, the propaganda and education of animal protection organizations can’t touch them, but they are directly related to many behaviors that bring harm to animals and the environment.

In order to let them enter the world of animal protection, we may need to provide a low enough threshold-sometimes, the activities that can attract them are to feed the baby elephant, kiss the giraffe and take a walk with the lion.

Students walking with the little lion KAI Figure | Wang Zhen

Of course, a certain degree of guidance and education is needed in this process, and there are still many precautions in these activities, but at least, they came to us and gave us a chance to talk to them.

In the field of animal protection, today I have seen too many condemnations about zoos, contact with animals and taking photos with animals. However, I can’t deny my past:

When I was a very young child, it was precisely because my grandfather took me to the small zoo in my hometown where animals were kept in a small space every day and went to Mengchong Paradise to get in touch with all kinds of animals that I gradually became so fond of animals. If traced back, it may be the source of my ivory investigation, the establishment of Zhongnan House and my continued active work in animal protection.

Many western animal protectionists will tell me that people should go directly to Africa and South America to see wild animals, and zoos should not exist at all.

The truth seems right, but the question is, how many people have such economic strength and opportunities?

If such a small zoo and a cute pet paradise didn’t exist according to the wishes of Purist, I probably wouldn’t have the opportunity to get in touch with those animals and like them like those rich children living in developed areas.

It is definitely wrong to disturb wild animals, but when I hold a sloth, its body temperature makes me really feel warm and heart-warming, which is beyond my reach; It is probably wrong to turn wild animals into playthings, but when touching capybara, I really feel more impulse to protect these lovely animals.

Walking with elephants | Zhou Yuecheng

In wildlife protection, if zero step is to keep human beings completely away from the world of wildlife, what is the first step for the zoo to trade with legal animals? What is the first step to disturb the tourism of wild animals to some extent? What is the first step to play with the raised wild animals? What’s the first step in legal hunting? What is the next step in the illegal wildlife trade and mass killing of wildlife? In an imperfect world, if we can’t stop at all, where should we stop?

I haven’t been able to form an answer yet, and I don’t want to form an answer so soon, because the world is not black and white, and I still have too much to learn and understand humbly.

The plane climbed slowly, watching the Amazon jungle that I dreamed of when I was a child gradually go away, and I couldn’t help but get lost in thought about all kinds of contradictions. I also know that there is not much time left for us to meditate. Farewell, even if it is long, the Amazon rainforest is actually leaving us-maybe once she turns around, she just disappeared while waving.

Sunset map of Amazon rainforest | sherry

(The original title of this article is Fifty Steps and Hundred Steps of "Animal Protectors" in the Long Farewell to Amazon Rainforest, which was originally published in WeChat official account, Zhongnan House, to help China youth enter developing countries.)