[Original of Truck House] At every high-speed intersection, we can always see a green passage for transporting fresh agricultural products vehicles. The green transportation passage, which was originally intended to improve traffic efficiency, often causes card friends to vomit, and it is not possible to reduce tolls with a little carelessness. A few days ago, we followed Kayou to transport cabbage from Hebei to Guangzhou. In this short 2000 kilometers, we had a deeper understanding of the high-speed green passage, and it was a lot of trouble to have irregular documents.

● The four certificates of Green Pass inspection must be complete.

I believe that most people will jump out of these keywords in an instant, such as time is short, people are too tired, cars are pressed and freight charges are deducted. In fact, regardless of these factors, it is not a simple matter to pass the toll station in the green transportation. The green passage is more like a "checkpoint". Here, let’s briefly introduce the inspection process of Lutong, and card friends who have just contacted Lutong can also learn about it.

1, into the green channel, the first step is naturally weighing, weighing. At this stage, most areas have issued corresponding regulations, where "transporting fresh agricultural products""Vehicles with overload will not be able to enjoy the preferential policy of toll reduction and exemption.

2. Check the documents. At present, the high-speed toll stations headed by Hunan and Guangdong need to check four certificates when passing the inspection. That is, driver’s license, driving license, road transport qualification certificate and road transport operation certificate. Where the documents are not uniform, you will not be able to enjoy the corresponding preferential policies such as toll reduction. It is recommended that all card friends prepare their certificates to avoid unnecessary trouble.

3. Take photos. The toll booth staff will take detailed photos of license plates, vehicle boxes, goods, photos and goods and report them, and judge whether the goods loaded by vehicles are "fresh agricultural products" on the spot.

4. Release. Vehicles that are judged as being transported by Lvtong can be released directly. If vehicles that do not meet the catalogue of fresh agricultural products and mixed vehicles are found, they will not be able to enjoy the preferential policy of toll reduction.

The principle of green channel inspection of goods is intended to be accurate and rapid, but in fact, the passage efficiency is not high.It is roughly 3-4 times the time of normal traffic vehicles.Moreover, the documents must be available. When we actually passed the toll station on the way from Hebei to Guangzhou, fortunately, another old driver carried his qualification certificate with him, otherwise the toll would be a big expense.

So, in what circumstances can’t you enjoy the toll reduction policy of Green Link?

1. Failing to meet the standards defined by "legal loading of complete vehicles";

Two, the "four certificates" carried by the driver of the cargo transport vehicle (Driver’s license,Driving license, road transport license, road transport practitioners qualification certificate), which is incomplete or illegal after inspection;

Three, overloading, no card, refused to pass the designated lane, refused to accept the inspection management of vehicles.

In addition, most high-speed management departments in Sichuan have issued corresponding announcements one after another. If the overall dimensions and total weight of trucks driving on the expressway do not exceed the following standards, they will be regarded as "normally loaded vehicles" and enjoy the preferential policy of vehicle toll restriction. Vehicles that exceed the vehicle load will not be allowed to enter the expressway or enjoy the preferential policy of toll reduction. Link: There is no discount for the implementation of high-speed overload on the 4.2-meter light truck in Sichuan.

I suggest that all card friends, no matter what industry they are engaged in, must prepare all procedures and certificates for inspection by the traffic control department. Especially novices who have just entered the road transport industry, do their homework in advance to avoid unnecessary troubles. (Text/Tu Zusheng)

　　Most of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China are mainly subtropical monsoon climate zones, with relatively warm winters, but there have been extremely cold periods in history and even suffered from heavy snow and freezing disasters. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a cold period in the history of China, and the disaster of heavy snow and freezing in the southern region was very serious.

　　First, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, heavy snow and freezing disasters in South China

　　The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was very cold from the middle of the seventeenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the heavy snow in Guizhou lasted for 40 days. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Luoping County was frozen with the moon as big as a column. The cold period from the middle of 18th century to the end of 19th century in Sichuan and Chongqing was not only cold, but also lasted for a long time. During the Ganjia period, there was often heavy snow in Sichuan basin in winter, and the phenomenon of excess snow was very common. For example, in the forty-eight years of Qianlong, heavy snow fell in Sichuan Province, with a thickness of two feet in many places. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing, there were three heavy snows, the temperature was low, the indoor cups and plates were often frozen, and the ice in the water bowl was three inches thick. The low temperature disaster during Guangxu period was even more obvious. For example, in the seventeenth year of Guangxu, the heavy snow in Shifang County condensed into ice strips and ice cubes, which were extremely hard. The oil tanks and vegetables in the house were as cold as glue paint seals, and they could only be opened when they were used by fire. In the winter of the eighteenth year of Guangxu, there was a severe cold in Shuangliu County, and the ice was more than a foot thick. It snowed heavily for several days in Nanchuan county, followed by freezing for more than ten days. In the winter of the 19th year of Guangxu, the river in Wanyuan County was frozen, making it possible to walk on it. According to relevant historical records, such as "the ice is more than a foot thick", "the ice is hard for several days", "the river ice can cross" and "the ice is several feet thick", it can be seen that the climate in Sichuan Basin and surrounding mountainous areas was obviously colder than now.

　　Hubei area is more obviously affected by the cold air in the north due to location factors, and it is prone to freezing disasters. For example, in the ten years of Shunzhi, Hanyang County suffered from severe cold, and the lakes were frozen and could walk. Twenty-nine years of Kangxi, bamboo? The snow in the county is five or six feet deep, and the river is frozen into a beam. In the winter of the 30th year of Kangxi, it was very cold in Fangxian County, the river froze, and many people and animals froze to death. In the winter of Daoguang twenty-one years, the snow in Xianning County was several feet flat and the ice was as hard as stone. In the winter of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Daye County was five feet deep, and the lake ice was thick enough for people to pass. The snow in Pu Yin County is five or six feet deep, and lakes and rivers are all frozen. The snow in Xianning County is four or five feet deep, and many pedestrians are frozen to death. In the first month of the fourth year of Tongzhi, there was heavy snow in Yunyang and the Hanshui River froze. In the winter of Guangxu three years, Xiangyang River was frozen, and ice was everywhere. The river ice in Yicheng county is several inches thick, and the ferryman walks on the ice. In thirteen years, the snow accumulated six feet deep, and the Fuhe River Ivylinna Lee was several feet deep, so vessels of all sizes could not travel, and there was an endless stream of horses and chariots on the river.

　　There were mainly two cold periods in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan, the first was from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of Kangxi, and the second was from Jiaqing to Guangxu. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Youxian County, and the river was frozen, so people could cross it. There are several feet of snow in winter in Ningxiang county, and the river can cross. It snows heavily in winter in Xiangxiang County, and the river is frozen and frozen. The snow in Hengshan county is several feet deep, and the river is frozen, which is more than feet thick. It snowed heavily for 60 days in Leiyang county, and everyone on the river crossed the ice. In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, the snow accumulated in Yuezhou Prefecture for more than ten days, and the lake was frozen, so people could walk across the river. Hengyang county ice, more than 40 days. The heavy snow in Chenzhou, with several feet of ice thickness, was released in February of the following year. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, there was a big ice and a frozen river in Changsha County. It is feasible to freeze the rivers in Shanhua County. After twenty-five years of Qianlong, the pond was frozen. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Pingjiang was three feet deep, and the river was frozen to cross. In the first year of Tongzhi, the snow in Wugang was more than two feet deep and the ice was three inches thick. The pond was feasible, and it was difficult to understand for more than ten days. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, there was heavy snow in Shaoyang, and the ground accumulated two or three feet. The ice was firm and feasible. In Guangxu three years, Leiyang was frozen for more than half a month, and pedestrians suffered.

　　There were also two particularly cold periods in Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The first period was the Kanggan period, and the second period was the late years of Xianfeng and the early years of Tongzhi. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there were dozens of days of heavy snow in Hukou County, and Meijiazhou in Pengli Lake was frozen and could pass people; It is snowing heavily in Xingzi County, and the river is frozen. The heavy snow in Linchuan county has accumulated for more than forty days, and the river ice can be crossed. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Wuning County was snowed for three days, with a depth of five or six feet, and it began to disappear at the end of the month. The rivers and wine jars were all frozen, and the water tanks were broken, so that residents had no water to draw, and they lived by melting snow for water. De ‘an County has been snowing for several days, and the Wushimen River is frozen very thick, so it can drive. It is snowing heavily in Poyang County, and the river is frozen, which is several feet strong and can be driven. The snow in Wannian County is four or five feet deep. Anyone with water in the appliance is known as water crack, and the ice in the pond is full of feet, which is feasible. In the first year of Tongzhi, the hard ice in Jinxian County was six or seven inches thick, and the Yangtze River could pass through chariots and horses, that is, the turbulence was frozen. In Anyi County, the snow fell in the first month of spring, and the rivers closed, pedestrians and camphor trees withered. The first month of yugan county is freezing, and the river ice is thick enough to cross the chariots and horses. The river in Anren County is full of ice, and people go up from the ice. It will be fine for ten days. It snowed heavily in the first month of spring in Wanzai County, dripping into ice.

　　Jiangsu and Anhui provinces are roughly divided into three cold periods, namely, the period of ShunKang Yong Gan, the early years of Tongzhi in the last years of Xianfeng and the middle period of Guangxu. For example, in the tenth year of Shunzhi, Tongcheng was snowed for more than ten days, and the trees were frozen, and the moon was puzzled. When it was snowing heavily, the ice was several feet thick, and the eaves hung on the ground, and many trees froze to death. In the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, the ice of Dongtai River was more than feet thick, and people walked on the ice. Wujiang is cold in winter, and the ice in Taihu Lake is two feet thick. Songjiang prefecture, Lingdian frozen for several days, walking on the ice. In the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Wangjiang. The city was several feet deep, and the frozen ice in lakes and marshes was about six feet. The Huaihe River froze in Xuyi, and the horses and chariots traveled on the ice, and the solution began in February of the following year. In the winter of the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Shucheng and Wuwei were extremely cold, and the river ice was several feet. Wuxian county is cold and snowy, and the river is frozen and cut off. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong, Taihu Lake froze for more than a month. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, there was heavy snow in winter, and the ice was thick enough to pass people. The snow in Guichi is seven or eight feet deep, and the river turns into ice. There is heavy snow in Wuxian county, and the flat land is four or five feet. The ice in Taihu Lake is half a month. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Wusongjiang, Qingpu County, was frozen for ten days. The river port in Jiading County is frozen and pedestrians can walk on the river. In the 19th year of Guangxu, there was heavy snow in Wuxian, and Taihu Lake was frozen to a thickness of feet. Although Lux vertebral chisel could not sail.

　　During this period, the climate in Zhejiang was also very cold, especially in the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Cixi County was cold in winter, and the river was icy, and the boat could not pass through the moon. In the fourth year of Kangxi, the winter in Huzhou was very cold, and the ice in Taihu Lake was blocked. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Taihu Lake in Huzhou was frozen for more than a month, and people could walk on ice. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, it was snowed in Anxian County, and the river was frozen and the boat was blocked for decades. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, the winter in Jiashan County was very cold, which was unprecedented in more than sixty years. After 60 years of Qianlong, the snow in Wucheng County was ten feet deep, Taihu Lake was frozen, and people walked on the ice until the Lantern Festival the following year. In the winter of the seventeenth year of Guangxu, there was a great cold in Changhua County, and the river was ice-accumulated, which was several feet strong and could be used for walking. The snow in Taiping county is more than feet deep, coughing and spitting into ice, and the river is frozen and can’t sail. The snow in Haining is extremely cold, the river ice can be worn, and those who can’t get through the boat are tired. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, all the rivers in Yuyao, Zhejiang were frozen. Heavy snow in Taiping County, coughing into ice, frozen rivers, unable to sail.

　　Studies have shown that Guangdong and Guangxi were equally cold in the Qing Dynasty, with the first low temperature period from the seventh year of Shunzhi to the eleventh year of Qianlong (1650-1750) and the second low temperature period from the ninth year of Daoguang to the second year of Xuantong (1830-1910), with the peaks of the two low temperature periods in the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi and the eighteenth year of Guangxu. For example, in the eighteenth year of Guangxu, the snow in Luchuan, Guangxi was two feet thick, the snow in Qinzhou was like cotton, the snow in Tai Po, Guangdong was three or four inches thick, and the waterfall in the mountain stream was frozen.

　　Since the beginning of the first half of the 20th century, the climate in southern China has become warmer, which is reflected in the relative warmth in the first 50 years. From the 1940s and 1950s, there was a brief cold period, which reached its peak in 1955. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there was an extreme low temperature of about minus 14 degrees Celsius, and both Dongting Lake and Hanshui River were frozen, while Taihu Lake was partially frozen, and the absolute lowest temperature below zero was also recorded in Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　Generally speaking, the winter low temperature disaster in southern China is very serious in the past 300 years. During the cold period, not only the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally have a long period of heavy snow, but also the land is seriously frozen, and most rivers and lakes are frozen. Many rivers and lakes have ice thickness that can pass pedestrians and cars. Not only do people cough and spit into ice in the wild, but also water bowls and wine jars at home freeze, some of which are as thick as three inches. This low temperature freezing situation is unprecedented in the past 100 years. The degree of low-temperature freezing disaster in Sichuan and Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively weak, but some rivers in the northern part of the basin also appear freezing phenomenon, and Mianyang even turns boiling water into ice in an instant, which is more serious than this year’s low-temperature freezing disaster. In the high-altitude Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area, sometimes it snows for as long as 40 days, and the bowl in Kunming freezes, and the degree of low temperature is also higher than that in modern times.

　　According to the 500-year temperature fluctuation map south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains of China, there are four cold periods from the mid-15th century to the 1970s, the mid-17th century, the mid-18th century and the late 19th century, and the cold period generally fluctuates between 100 and 150 years. In the past 300 years, 50 or 60 years in the early Qing Dynasty and 50 years in the late Qing Dynasty were the coldest periods. The extreme peak years of the former period were in the ninth year of Kangxi (in 1670, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan) and in the 29th year of Kangxi (in 1690, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan), while the peak years of the latter period were in the 17th to 19th years of Guangxu (in 1891-1893, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). At the same time, there are relatively extreme low temperature periods of about 50 years in this hundred-year cycle, such as the 26th year of Qianlong (in 1761, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 14th year of Jiaqing (in 1809, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 11th year of Xianfeng and 1st year of Tongzhi (in 1861 and 1862, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) and 1955 (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). Generally speaking, the low temperature degree of the heavy snow and freezing disaster in China this year is not as severe as the two heavy snow and freezing disasters in Kangxi and Guangxu years, nor as severe as the low temperature degree in 1955, but the scope of the disaster is rare. As far as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan areas are concerned, it is at least a once-in-50-year heavy snow and freezing disaster, and it can be described as a once-in-a-century winter low temperature and freezing disaster for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Second, the impact of heavy snow and freezing disasters

　　Due to different social and economic backgrounds, the impact of low temperature and freezing disasters in different periods is also very different.

　　(1) In the traditional era, the socio-economic operation of urban and rural areas was mainly maintained by natural renewable fuels. In the Qing Dynasty, most urban and rural areas in southern China mainly relied on nearby biofuel firewood for heating and lighting, and transportation and communication were also mainly transmitted by people. The natural attributes of life and production were obvious, so the impact of low temperature disasters on the basic survival and production of urban and rural areas was limited. From the traditional era, the low-temperature freezing disaster in the south usually causes "people and animals freeze to death", "fish and turtles freeze to death", "fruit trees wither", "trees are completely broken", "houses are crushed" and "boats are blocked", etc., but it is not easy to make urban and rural areas completely paralyzed. Modern industrial civilization is based on non-renewable and non-biological fuels, and this foundation is often realized by great transportation and transshipment; At the same time, modern fuel-powered transportation has higher requirements for roads, while people and information flow more frequently in modern society, and basic survival has higher requirements for transportation and fuel power. Therefore, once the traffic is blocked, the fuel can’t be transported through the big traffic, and the power is interrupted, the modern industrial civilized society will be completely paralyzed, and the disaster caused to the society will be more obvious.

　　(2) In the Qing Dynasty, the population density in southern China was not as high as that in modern times, and the intensity and scope of economic development were not as good as now, so the impact of low temperature and extreme climate on production and life was objectively limited. Especially in many areas of southern China in the Qing Dynasty, the scale of agricultural production in winter was very limited, and many lands were left fallow. However, with the economic development in southern China, the scale and scope of industrial economy have been greatly expanded, the urban population has soared, modern industrial civilization has been further deepened, and the multi-cropping system of field crops has been popularized, especially the development of a large number of greenhouse planting industries. The impact of low-temperature freezing disasters on urban and rural production and life is much more obvious than that of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Of course, we should also see that in the face of low-temperature and freezing disasters in ancient times, although the scale and degree of the disaster may be small objectively, it is precisely because of the constraints of transportation and communication that people often can’t know the situation in the disaster area in time and can’t carry out disaster relief and mitigation in time, so it often has a great impact on people’s livelihood.

　　It should be pointed out that the modern industrial economy in the south of China has only a history of more than one hundred years, but it only took shape in the last fifty years. In history, this large-scale extremely cold and frozen climate in the south is often a time scale period of one hundred to fifty years, so strictly speaking, the modern industrial civilization in the south of China has not experienced the test of this extremely low temperature and freezing disaster. Therefore, we not only lack the psychological and countermeasure preparation for this emergency, but also lack the construction requirements for preventing this kind of low-temperature freezing disaster, such as building roofs, power transmission, highway and railway transportation, which do not have the technical requirements for preventing extreme low-temperature freezing under high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to strengthen the research on the prevention of extreme freezing weather in winter and establish corresponding preventive countermeasures in the urban and rural construction and social development in southern China. (Author: Institute of Historical Geography, Southwest University)

Editor: Li Erqing

　　BEIJING, Shennongjia, October 25 (Luo Yongbin, Peng Linpeng) On the night of October 24, adult giant pandas "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" arrived safely in Shennongjia, Hubei Province. This is considered to be the return of giant pandas to Shennongjia after more than 100 years, marking a key step in public education and scientific research of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　At 11: 00 a.m. on the same day, two giant pandas, escorted by shennongjia national nature reserve and the staff of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, set off from Qingchengshan Base in Dujiangyan, flew to Yichang Airport in Hubei via Chengdu, and then arrived at their "new home" in Guanmenshan, shennongjia national nature reserve by land that night. Routine inspection of the entourage showed that the two giant pandas were in good health and stable mood after arriving at home, and soon began to taste new food — — Fargesia shennong.

　　The two giant pandas who returned to their hometown Shennongjia this time were born in 2008, in their prime of life, healthy and lively, and they are about to start a new life in Shennongjia.

　　In 2015, in order to enrich and expand the field of natural science research in Shennongjia, the Party Committee and Government of Shennongjia Forest Region drew up a plan to implement the national treasure panda public education project in shennongjia national nature reserve, which was supported by the State Forestry Administration.

　　In recent years, according to the procedures and requirements of the public education and scientific research project on giant pandas, Shennongjia Forest Area has organized many batches of experts to carry out a large number of investigations, studies and demonstrations, initiated and implemented administrative examination and approval, venue construction, food sources, technology and financial guarantee, and finally decided to implement the panda arrival plan in late October.

　　The China International Conference on the Protection of Giant Pandas held from 19th to 21st of this month clearly stated that giant pandas are the common property of human beings and are still in an endangered state. All parties will make joint efforts to carry out in-depth cooperation in in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation and public education of giant pandas. The implementation of public education and scientific research on giant pandas in Shennongjia is of great significance to enhance the public’s awareness and cognition of panda protection, effectively improve the protection and research ability of rare wild animals in Shennongjia, and carry out research on the food source and living environment of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　Shennongjia is the first "Triple Crown" heritage site in China, and its biodiversity has been widely recognized all over the world.

　　In September this year, the China Giant Panda Protection Research Center organized experts to inspect Shennongjia. In the assessment, it was pointed out that the ecological characteristics of Shennongjia and Sichuan Wolong Nature Reserve were very similar, and the climate and temperature, bamboo source types and quantities, and forest canopy were all in line with the living environment of giant pandas. At the same time, Shennongjia forest region has strong strength and fruitful achievements in the field of golden monkey protection and research, which can provide strong scientific and technological support and personnel support for the protection and development of giant pandas in the future.

　　It is understood that the newly-built Shennongjia Giant Panda Pavilion covers an area of more than 7,000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 1,700 square meters. Its natural environment and supporting research facilities can effectively meet the comfort and safety standards of giant pandas, and also meet the conditions for public display and scientific research.

　　Historical data show that Shennongjia was once a paradise for giant pandas, and the indirect influence of natural environment changes and human activities led to the disappearance of giant pandas in this area. It is of great significance and great responsibility for Shennongjia to welcome back the giant panda and carry out public education and scientific research. In order to achieve this goal at an early date, shennongjia national nature reserve has made careful, meticulous and meticulous preparations in environmental conditions, daily management, staffing, food source supply, disease prevention and control, etc.

　　According to the personage of Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" have a long-distance transportation, and there is still a process of adaptation to the new environment. Shennongjia Nature Reserve will cooperate with the technicians of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, take care of them, and make them better adapt to their "new home" as soon as possible. After quarantine, they will be visited by friendly humans.

CCTV News:According to the construction schedule of China Space Station,In May and June this year, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft will be launched respectively.Among them, there are three astronauts on Shenzhou 12 who will form a flight crew and will stay in orbit for three months.

At present, the Long March 7 Tele-3 launch vehicle, which carried out the launch mission of the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, has completed all the development work before leaving the factory, and has arrived safely at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan. Together with the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft that has arrived earlier, the final assembly and testing work in the launch site are carried out as planned. According to the plan, 11 missions will be carried out in succession this year and next, including three space station cabin launches, four cargo spacecraft launches and four manned spacecraft launches. The on-orbit construction of the space station will be completed in 2022, and all the mission objectives of the "three-step" development strategy of the project will be realized. At this time, it is exactly 30 years since the manned spaceflight project was officially launched.

The manned spacecraft carrying out the Shenzhou-12 manned space mission and the Long March-2 F-12 carrier rocket have also completed all the development work before leaving the factory. At present, they have been safely delivered to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in batches to carry out the assembly and testing work in the launch site, and the astronaut crew carrying out the manned space mission is undergoing intensive training. The last time China launched the Shenzhou manned spacecraft was on October 17th, 2016. Shenzhou XI carried out the sixth manned mission in China. At that time, the astronauts who took the Shenzhou XI flight were Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, who worked in orbit for 33 days. Among them, Jing Haipeng flew for the third time and was the astronaut who went into space the most times so far.

　　The winter moon has arrived, and it is near the end of the year. The real estate market in 2021 was ups and downs.

　　In the first half of the year, real estate development loans, sales area and sales performance were very active, and house prices rose steadily in some cities. The turning point appeared in the middle of the year, and the financial regulation and control policies such as the "three-line and four-file" housing enterprise financing management rules and the loan concentration management of banking financial institutions gradually took effect, especially after the liquidity risk of individual large housing enterprises appeared as the "fuse", the market obviously cooled down in the second half of the year. With the sharp decline of the market, the virtuous circle of the real estate industry has been broken to some extent.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference held a few days ago proposed that the city should promote the virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry, and made clear the focus of the current and future development of the real estate market. At present, the debt problem of some real estate enterprises is more prominent, and real estate sales, investment and land transfer all show signs of slowing down. In some cities, there is a wait-and-see mood of falling house prices and buying houses. Especially for areas with high industrial dependence, once the real estate market slows down excessively, it may trigger a more complicated risk transmission chain.

　　Real estate has a large scale, a long chain and a wide range of aspects, which accounts for a fairly high share in the national economy, fixed assets investment of the whole society, local fiscal revenue and total loans of financial institutions, and has an important systematic impact on economic and financial stability and risk prevention.

　　How to realize the virtuous circle and healthy development of real estate industry? Stable expectation is an important prerequisite. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to strengthen the expected guidance. Many people are not optimistic about the future development of the industry due to the debt crisis of individual housing enterprises and the downward pressure on the real estate market. In fact, although there are serious debt problems in individual real estate enterprises at present, it is still a case, because the enterprises themselves are not well managed, and their influence need not be exaggerated. The overall healthy development trend of China’s real estate market will not change, and the risks of individual enterprises will not affect the normal financing function of the medium and long-term real estate market.

　　At the same time, the reasonable housing needs of buyers are being met. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that it will support the commercial housing market to better meet the reasonable housing needs of buyers. According to the data released by the central bank on December 13th, the balance of individual housing loans was 38.1 trillion yuan at the end of November, an increase of 401.3 billion yuan in that month, an increase of 53.2 billion yuan over that in October. The recent increase in the balance of personal housing loans is conducive to better meeting the mortgage demand of the first and improved housing.

　　On the basis of stable expectations, the supply and demand blocking point is expected to break through, and a virtuous circle of the real estate industry is expected. The cooling of the real estate market is easy to be transmitted to other links. When the transaction volume of second-hand houses decreases and fewer buyers buy new ones, the new house market may be neglected, while the sales of the new house market directly affect the payment of enterprises. Once the funds are insufficient, it will reduce the enthusiasm of enterprises to take land, and then the cooling will be transmitted to the land market. It can be seen that one link is stagnant and it is easy for the whole market to "turn". To achieve a virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry, efforts should be made to control the liquidity risk of housing enterprises and avoid the transmission of local risks to the whole system. At the same time, it is necessary to smooth all links in the chain of "financing, land acquisition, sales, loans and payment". The improvement of the financing of housing enterprises and the credit environment of buyers will help the real estate industry to further realize a virtuous circle.

　　To achieve a virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry, enterprises need to constantly explore new development models. The development model of high leverage, high debt and high turnover in the real estate industry in the past 20 years has been unsustainable; On the whole, China will gradually transition from incremental development of large-scale demolition and construction to stock transformation; From the perspective of housing supply, from the past, we paid more attention to buying and renting, and changed to renting and buying at the same time. All these decide that real estate enterprises should adapt to the changes and explore new development models.

　　In the process of solving the housing problem, housing leasing will play an increasingly important role. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that we should adhere to both rent and purchase and accelerate the development of the long-term rental market. Specialized and large-scale housing leasing enterprises are an important carrier to improve professional services in the leasing market. Factors such as high cost and narrow profit space in leasing industry hinder the specialization and scale development of enterprises. Statistics show that the institutionalization rate of housing leasing in first-tier cities in China is less than 15%. Therefore, to speed up the development of the long-term rental market, we should speed up the cultivation of specialized and large-scale housing rental enterprises.

　　To realize that all people have a place to live, housing security cannot be absent. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to promote the construction of affordable housing. China’s housing security system has completed the top-level design, including public rental housing, affordable rental housing and shared property housing. Among them, affordable rental housing, which focuses on solving the outstanding housing problems in big cities and alleviating the housing difficulties of new citizens and young people, will become the top priority of affordable housing in the new development stage.

　　The central economic work conference once again stressed that "housing is not speculation", indicating that the bottom line cannot be broken. To promote the virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry, we should take "keeping the word steady, striving for progress while maintaining stability" and "trying to smooth the national economic cycle" as the starting point, instead of having the mentality of stimulating and speculating on real estate. (This article Source: Economic Daily Author: Kang Shu)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, March 30th (Reporter Zhao Jiantong, Liao Jun, Xiong Qi) When it comes to the football super league, what most fans can think of is "Premier League", "Portuguese Super League" or "Super League". However, last Sunday, a primary school in Wuhan started a "Wan Chao" league with 28 teams. Ten rounds of matches will be held every week until the end of the semester.

　　Wansongyuan Road Primary School has a long history of developing campus football, and has trained athletes such as Tu Shengqiao, Hao Junmin and Hanlin Yao. In the 2022 China Youth Football League, "Wanxiao" participated in six groups in Wuhan Division and won the championship and runner-up in four groups. Xinhua News Agency reporters found some unique details after attending the opening ceremony of the "Wan Chao" League in the new semester and observing many games, which may provide a glimpse of the school’s many successful experiences in campus football.

　　A 61-page order book

　　After the opening ceremony of the league, the game began. The rapid transition from the ceremony venue to the football field, from the coach leading the students to warm up before the game to the skilled referee, from the ambulances and medical staff prepared on the sidelines to the guzheng performance performed by the middle school students, the orderly and orderly organization and implementation of the professional "Wan Chao" League is impressive.

　　When turning over the 61-page "Wan Chao" League Order Book containing 14 major items, everything seems to have an answer. Among them, the rules, schedules and other provisions have extremely detailed provisions on the division of activities, competition processes and award selection rules, and the professional level is almost comparable to that of professional competitions.

　　"Wan Chao" League also has some special settings. For example, students must have excellent cultural achievements to participate in the competition, talent shows should be interspersed at halftime, scores should be scored on and off the field according to age and formation, and the code of conduct that requires coaches to understand the advanced techniques and tactics of world football should be detailed.

　　Principal Xiong Liping introduced that this year, "Wan Chao" was upgraded from a campus football event to a mass sports compound event in Jianghan District. Six young teams and four adult teams were invited to join the league.

　　Among the four adult teams, there are three teams composed of hospital, bank employees and nearby residents, and one is the school coach team. In the competition system, the teams of Grade 5 and Grade 6 of Wanxiao were grouped into adult groups and will compete with four adult teams. In addition, this arrangement of "playing big with small" also implies the coach team’s deeper thinking about youth football.

　　Coach Deng Shijun said that this competition system is actually to provide a high-intensity competition environment for small players. "Football is not only a technical and tactical issue, but also involves psychological and social aspects. There was a child in the game just now. He was out of balance when confronted with strong confrontation. I think this is also a place where many children need to improve. "

　　Professional coach of Rooted Primary School

　　Deng Shijun, 51, is known as the "father of grass-roots football" in Wu Hanyou. He is the only primary school teacher in China who has obtained the qualification of AFC lecturer and AFC professional football coach, and is also the head of the coaching team for organizing the "Wan Chao" League.

　　According to the data of China Football Association, at present, only over 100 people in China hold professional-level coaching certificates. Although qualified to coach top professional clubs, Deng Shijun resolutely chose to take root in campus football and devoted himself to educating people for nearly 30 years.

　　Deng Shijun (third from right), lecturer of AFC and professional football coach of AFC. The picture is provided by the school.

　　"After playing the game every weekend, all the game materials will be copied back by the coach for analysis. On Monday, the coach will conduct a collective analysis meeting to guide the training content of this week."

　　"In fact, it lies in being serious or not," coach Deng summed up the uniqueness of "Wanxiao" in playing football. "I have always said that we should wait for the flowers to bloom. Only by paying a lot can we bring out the fine products. Make the grassroots solid, 10 years, 20 years, like Yugong Yishan, take your time. "

　　The "Wanxiao" coaching team currently has 10 full-time coaches. Most of these coaches have professional athletes’ experience, and all of them hold AFC C-level and above coaching qualification certificates. Coach Deng introduced that through the government’s purchase of services, the school introduced full-time coaches, which not only solved the work treatment problem of retired players, but also improved the professional level of campus football.

　　Change venues three times a day.

　　Every Sunday from morning till night, there are 28 teams, which are divided into children’s groups, senior and junior groups and adult groups. During the "Wan Chao" League, the school used an eight-person court to the extreme. After a game between senior and adult teams, the coaches quickly cut the whole field into three pieces with fences, and the six teams participating in the five-a-side competition immediately began to warm up. According to a coach, the venue will also be divided into six blocks for the follow-up three-person competition for children.

　　The fence on the site is actually a common "water horse" on the highway. After years of exploration, coaches found that this kind of tied "water horse" is better than ordinary mobile football purse seine — — It is convenient to carry, will not be knocked over or blown down by the wind, and can also bounce the ball to keep the rhythm of the game continuous.

　　Relying on the class form of group rotation and efficient use of the venue, "Wanxiao" meets the needs of more than 1,000 students in the whole school to have a football class once a week and more than 10 teams to carry out "four practices and one game" on an eight-person venue.

　　"Our venue will be repaired in July and August this year, and the venue will be widened." Deng Shijun said that after the venue upgrade, he hoped to make the "Wan Chao" League bigger and stronger.

　　Parents inside and outside the fence

　　Before the opening match of "Wan Chao" League, parents were already standing outside the wall on the street side of the stadium to watch the game, and the trail over 100 meters was crowded.

　　In fact, there are many parents in the crowd near the site within the fence. Zhang Zhihui is the father of a fifth-grade student, Zhang Mulang. He and several teammates’ parents volunteered at the league. These parents and volunteers are divided into different roles, some as photographers to take pictures and record videos for children, some as teaching assistants to help coaches lead the competition, and some on the sidelines to do some equipment and water delivery.

　　Wang Lingjie, the teaching director, said: "Parents have now formed a tacit understanding with the school. They know how to help coaches and teachers make up for their places. This is also a good process for parents to participate in the growth of their children. "

　　Deng Shijun said that with the support of the district government and other sectors of society, students don’t have to pay for "ten thousand small" training and competitions, and they can also receive free football equipment, so the burden on parents is reduced a lot.

　　According to the coaches, with the holding of the "Wan Chao" League, parents who used to take their children to play in off-campus training institutions on weekends now mostly let their children play in school.

These days, the male host of CCTV earned enough space, and even a host resigned on the Internet. But don’t worry, there is no one else to watch. If you really want to talk about CCTV anchors, these high-value new generation beauties must not be missed!

1. Li Sisi used to be the beauty of Peking University.

Li Sisi, born in 1986, is a representative of the new generation Hua Dan of CCTV. In 2012, she acted as the host of the the Year of the Loong Spring Festival Gala, becoming the youngest host on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala. Before being the host, Li Sisi actually stepped into the entertainment circle very early. When she was 9 years old, she filmed the MV of Dong Wenhua’s "The Ballad of the Great Wall". When she grew up, she was admitted to Peking University, and she was named "the flower of Peking University". In 2005, she became the only female champion who served for 8 issues in Challenge Host, and has since entered the stage of CCTV.

The stage is temperament type.

Under the stage is-Meng Meng Da!

Life photos of Li Sisi

2. Yang Mingming became the "Central 5 Goddess" during her internship.

Unlike other female anchors, Yang Mingming, born in 1992, was a hit during her internship.
Red. In 2012, Yang Mingming entered the CCTV Sports Program Center as the first batch of interns. At that time, she appeared in the Midnight Sports Report. Her sweet appearance instantly became popular on the Internet, and some netizens stayed up all night to watch new movies for her.
Smell. Because of her outstanding performance during her internship, Yang Mingming stayed at CCTV after graduation, and now she has become the host of CCTV’s "Feast of the Giants".

Life photos of Yang Mingming

3. Tu Jingwei and Xiaosa used to be golden couple.

Tu Jingwei, born in 1980, is the head of the film channel Hua Dan. As the host of "China Film Report" and "Premiere", she is sensitive in the program, not only active on the screen, but also frequently appearing in major film festivals. Outside of work, the relationship between Jingwei and Sa Beining is also widely known. In 2006, they hosted the Changchun Film Festival and sparked off a spark. They were regarded as the "golden couple" of CCTV, but this relationship ended in 2009.

Tu Jingwei

4. Lei Zhang was once called the successor of Dong Qing.

Like Li Sisi, Lei Zhang became famous on the stage of Challenge Host. In 2006, she stood out from more than 11,000 contestants and was announced to join CCTV on the spot. Later, Zhang Lei was the host of Happy China and Happy Hero. With her dignified and generous hosting style and sweet appearance, she was regarded as the successor of Dong Qing. However, in the rising period of her career, she retired, married an iron ore tycoon in 2013, and did not return to CCTV until March 18, 2014, and then served as the host of Variety Festival.

High-end atmospheric portrait, beautiful ~

Professional modeling ~

5. Mi Li once appeared in the movie "The Thorn Tomb".

Mi Li, born in 1986, is currently the host of China Film Report, The Sound of Music and last romance on CCTV film channel. With a pure image, she is not only the beauty queen of China Communication University, but also a famous talented woman. Now she is studying for Dr. Peking University, and she is more proficient in both Chinese and English. With a good appearance, she has also crossed the border many times. She once made a guest appearance as a pork girl in the movie "Thorn Mausoleum" and even appeared in the short film "Charm Sound" with friendship.

Mi Li and Chen Daoming took a group photo at the shooting scene of "Thorn Mausoleum"

Normal work clothes are like this ~

Mi Li visited the barracks.

six.Rachel became popular because of the title of "Squire Liu"

1986
Rachel, born in, is the anchor of CCTV’s "NBA Frontline". With her sweet appearance, she is deeply loved by male fans with her natural girl-next-door temperament and is called the most beautiful sports female anchor in CCTV history. However, she
There is also a louder nickname-"Squire Liu". It turned out that during the World Cup in Brazil, which team rachel wore was out, and her strong ability of "reverse prediction" made her an instant hit on the Internet.

rachel

7. Qin Fang was once the top three in the beauty contest.

On July 26th, 2011, Qin Fang, the anchor of CCTV, choked to broadcast the rear-end collision of a bullet train after introducing Yi Yi’s situation in the program, which attracted the attention of netizens. Qin Fang, who hosted International News and Weather Information, was named one of the top ten beauty anchors of CCTV earlier because of her elegant temperament. With a delicate appearance, she has participated in many beauty contests, not only being among the top three beautiful girls in Chongqing, but also winning the title of Chongqing Division of the New Silk Road Model Contest. In addition, Qin Fang was the top student in the college entrance examination. She was admitted to Communication University of China as the top student in Chongqing Arts.

Anchor platform

Qin Fang photo

Life photo

8. Hu Die

Hu Die was born in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province on February 16th, 1983. In June, 2005, Hu Die graduated with the first grade in comprehensive assessment, gave up the insurance research and entered Beijing TV Station, and embarked on the road of news broadcasting. In July 2009, he began to host the news program "Chao Wen Tian Xia", which was broadcast live by CCTV-1 and CCTV- News. Won the "2010 Famous Host" of CCTV. It was only recently exposed that Lu Chuan was certified.

Hu Die

9. Ma Fanshu

Ma Fanshu was born in Harbin on November 6th, 1993. On the evening of November 24th, 2014, Ma Fanshu made his first appearance as the host in CCTV’s newly revised Football Under the World. In the program, Fan Fan, who appeared in a green dress, cooperated with Duan Xuan tacitly and showed humor.

ma fan shu

(Observer Network Integrated International Online and other media)

　　Cctv newsAccording to the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, research shows that myopia is the result of many factors, and children and adolescents are generally susceptible. On the basis of considering multiple causes, such as environmental and behavioral factors, genetic factors, eye evolution law and social and cultural factors, this paper puts forward intervention techniques for children and adolescents’ myopia, and adopts three-level prevention strategies to implement comprehensive public health intervention measures to prevent, reduce and slow down the occurrence and development of children and adolescents’ myopia.

　　First, the prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Monitoring, evaluation and intervention of myopia risk behaviors.

　　1. Students’ eye behavior evaluation. For students of different school ages, the eye behavior evaluation form for kindergarten and primary school students in grades 1-3 (parent version) (attached table 1) and the eye behavior evaluation form for primary school students in grades 4-6 (student version) (attached table 2) were used to evaluate the eye behavior of kindergarten to middle school students, and to identify the risk behavior factors that affect myopia of children and adolescents, such as insufficient outdoor activities, excessive use of electronic products, lack of sleep or large social time difference, reading and writing.

　　2. Application of evaluation results. According to the specific risk factors, teachers and parents should change the bad eye behavior of children and adolescents (the contents listed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2 can be used as the contents of health education and behavior standards).

　　3. Promote good eye use behavior with appropriate technology. Actively develop or use the existing appropriate technologies for myopia prevention and control, and apply them to promote the development of children and adolescents’ rational eye use behavior. For example, the height of the desk and chair measuring ruler (desk and chair deployment measuring ruler), correct reading and writing posture wall chart, light monitor, eye relaxation exercises, etc.

　　(2) The visual environment of schools, families and communities has been improved.

　　1. The construction of school visual friendly environment. Schools should provide students with good lighting and lighting environment according to the Hygienic Requirements for Prevention and Control of Myopia in School Supplies for Children and Adolescents (GB40070-2021). Each class should be equipped with desks and chairs to allocate measuring ruler, measure the height range of students regularly and adjust the desks and chairs in time. Each classroom should be equipped with adjustable desks and chairs or 2-3 types of desks and chairs according to the height range of students. The desks and chairs of the same type can be placed in columns, and the height of desks and chairs should be adjusted individually once every semester according to the height and sitting height of students. According to the perspective of students’ seats, the lighting situation in the classroom and the changes of students’ eyesight, the school will change students’ seats at least once a month. Multimedia classrooms should choose large-size projectors or computer screens. Under the same screen size, choose products with high screen resolution.

　　2. Building a family visual friendly environment. The desk should be placed so that its long axis is perpendicular to the window. When studying during the day, natural light enters from the opposite side of the writing hand to avoid direct sunlight. The average illumination value of the desktop is not less than 300lx. Parents should adjust the height of desks and chairs regularly according to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Children and adolescents should be equipped with desk lamps that have passed the national compulsory product certification (CCC certification), and children and adolescents should turn on the ceiling lights in addition to using desk lamps when studying at night. When online learning is needed, electronic products with large screen such as TV and desktop computer should be selected, and electronic products with high screen resolution should be selected under the same screen size. The viewing distance of TV is not less than 4 times the diagonal distance of the screen, the horizontal viewing distance of computer is not less than 50cm, and the viewing distance of mobile phone is not less than 40cm. Children and teenagers don’t put televisions and computers in their bedrooms. They use dark curtains at night and don’t turn on the night light to sleep. Guide children and adolescents to avoid or reduce exposure to high brightness and blue light-rich electronic products at night.

　　3. Community visual friendly environment construction. Green space can prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents by increasing outdoor time and reducing screen time. Reasonable green land is set up in the community, with certain activity facilities, which is suitable for carrying out all kinds of parent-child outdoor activities. The night light environment of residential quarters should comply with the current national standards. Except for indicative and functional signs, advertising lighting is not suitable for residential buildings (districts). The glare limit of night lighting lamps in residential and pedestrian areas, the maximum allowable value of illumination on the outer surface of windows of residential buildings, and the maximum allowable value of luminous intensity of night lighting lamps in the direction of rooms should be strengthened in accordance with the Planning Standard for Urban Lighting Construction (CJJ/T 307-2019).

　　(3) 2 hours of outdoor activities and 1 hour of physical exercise during the day.

　　1. Ensure 2 hours of outdoor activities every day and 14 hours every week. According to the Grade and Description of Recommended Contents for Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents’ Myopia by Outdoor Activities (Attached Table 3), school-age children have two hours of outdoor activities during the day, which are carried out inside and outside the school. The insufficient time for daytime outdoor activities on school days should be made up on weekends and reach at least 14 hours of daytime outdoor activities every week. Kindergarten children advocate three hours of outdoor activities during the day and put more conservation content outdoors.

　　2. Implement one-hour daytime outdoor activities on campus. The school arranges a 30-minute recess activity in the morning and afternoon, emphasizing outdoor activities and not sticking to the form and content of activities. Try to go to physical education class outdoors, and some indoor courses, such as class meetings, can be held outdoors. Set up outdoor activities interest groups and actively carry out various forms and rich contents of outdoor activities. Arrange extracurricular sports homework and provide high-quality exercise resources. Teachers should promptly remind students and class "eye guards" to supervise students to walk out of the classroom for 10 minutes between classes.

　　3. Grasp the one-hour outdoor activities outside school. It is recommended that children and adolescents have a full or staged walking to school, and junior students should be accompanied by their parents. Parents encourage and actively participate in children’s extracurricular activities, complete extracurricular sports homework, and go outdoors and go to nature with their children on weekends and holidays. Schools, parents and students cooperate, actively explore the development of peer-to-peer school groups, increase the time of outdoor activities during the day, enhance exchanges between students, and reduce parental companionship.

　　4. Exercise for 1 hour every day. According to the requirements of myopia prevention and control, children and adolescents should be outdoors for 2 hours every day, but according to the requirements of physical and mental health promotion, children and adolescents should be engaged in moderate to high-intensity physical activities for at least 60 minutes every day, mainly aerobic exercise. High-intensity aerobic exercise and muscle and bone strengthening exercise should be carried out at least three days a week. Taking physical education class as the starting point, the school guides students to carry out physical exercise, and brings the daytime outdoor physical exercise time into the range of 2 hours of daily outdoor activities.

　　(4) Health education for all teachers, students and parents.

　　1. Strengthen teachers’ health education ability. The school cooperates with public health professional institutions and medical colleges and universities to organize teachers to carry out health education and training on myopia prevention and control, so that teachers can master myopia prevention knowledge. Trained teachers popularize myopia prevention and control knowledge through health education classes, parent-teacher conferences, and myopia prevention and control theme class meetings.

　　2. Improve students’ eye health literacy. Students should receive at least one health education course or theme class meeting for myopia prevention and control every semester to learn the knowledge and skills of eye protection in like eyes. Teachers guide students to make handwritten reports on myopia prevention knowledge, and carry out knowledge contests, group discussions, role-playing, etc. to improve students’ myopia prevention and control ability. Students will bring the knowledge of myopia prevention and control they have learned and mastered in school back to their families, which will influence their parents and give play to the role of "small hands and big hands" in myopia prevention and control. Advocate the school to train an "eye protector" or preacher in each class, publicize the knowledge about vision protection, and urge students to go out of the classroom during recess.

　　3. Enhance parents’ awareness of vision protection. Parents should take the initiative to learn like eyes’s knowledge and skills of eye care, educate and urge their children to use their eyes scientifically, improve family lighting, adjust the height of desks and chairs, and correct the thought and behavior of "paying more attention to treatment than prevention", so as to realize the myopia prevention and control situation of "holding hands with big hands".

　　4. Increase the construction of social supportive environment. Mobilize experts to enter schools and society, popularize scientific knowledge of myopia prevention, and educators and children and adolescents identify scientific vision correction measures. Experts and scholars actively compile and publish popular science materials and books on myopia prevention and control health education, and make new media health education materials. Professional institutions, schools and communities should join forces to promote the dissemination and sharing of health education information and improve the coverage and efficiency of health education by using mobile health platforms or technologies, such as smart phone applications, SMS services and telephone intervention. Severely crack down on the false and illegal marketing and propaganda behavior of children and adolescents’ myopia prevention and control products.

　　Second, the secondary prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Vision health screening.

　　Establish a regular vision screening system, carry out poor vision screening, the screening frequency is not less than 2 times per academic year, standardize the recording of inspection contents, and establish information management of vision health. Pay attention to the standardization of screening and filing process, strengthen quality control, and implement closed-loop management of grading after screening. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, the degree of automation of vision screening is improved, and the work efficiency and popularization are improved.

　　(2) Early warning management of myopia.

　　Timely analysis of children’s and adolescents’ visual health, early screening of myopia and other ametropia, dynamic observation of the development and changes of children’s and adolescents’ refractive status in different periods, early detection of myopia tendency or trend, establishment of myopia early warning model, and formulation of applicable and feasible intervention measures to slow down the rapid and severe development of myopia. Combined with vision screening and file establishment, it is suggested that children and adolescents with normal vision but with high risk factors of myopia or insufficient hyperopia reserve should change their high-risk behaviors, and schools, families and communities should cooperate to increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce the behavior of using eyes at close range and improve the visual environment. For those with pre-myopia, we should give high-risk early warning and focus on intervention. It is suggested to go to professional institutions to receive professional examinations such as medical optometry, make a clear diagnosis and take corresponding measures in time to control and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents.

　　Three, three prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) scientifically correct myopia.

　　For children and adolescents who are already nearsighted, parents should be instructed to take their children to professional institutions for examination and correction in time. If it is determined that they need to wear glasses after professional examination, parents should choose glasses with appropriate degrees for their children according to the requirements of doctors or optometrists, wear glasses according to the doctor’s advice, and conduct regular follow-up.

　　(2) Preventing and controlling the aggravation and complications of myopia.

　　For children and adolescents with early onset of myopia or rapid development of myopia, specialists should adopt optical correction, drug correction or traditional Chinese medicine to slow down the progress of myopia. Parents should go to regular medical institutions, choose measures suitable for their children under the guidance of doctors or optometrists, and use them according to the doctor’s advice. For children and adolescents with fundus pathological changes and other complications, parents should take their children to professional medical institutions for treatment by specialists in time.

　　Fourth, the specific implementation measures

　　(1) Grasp early and small, and implement it in the whole life cycle.

　　1. The implementation of vision health management pass forward. Early detection of the shortage of hyperopia reserves and timely intervention measures are the key to move forward the prevention and control of myopia for children and adolescents. Move forward in the prevention and control cycle, grasp early and grasp small; Move forward in the prevention and control link, from treatment to early warning; Move forward in the sense of prevention and carry out early intervention for students with healthy vision. Move the myopia defense line forward to pregnancy, infants and preschool stage. Strengthen parents’ and teachers’ awareness of myopia prevention and control, and regard infants, preschool children and lower grades of primary schools as the key links of myopia prevention and control.

　　2. Promote the prevention and control of myopia in the whole life cycle. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, it focuses on the potentially sensitive periods such as pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, infants, preschool, school age, etc., so as to reduce the impact of biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors in each period on the visual health of children and adolescents. From pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and perinatal period, develop a healthy lifestyle, monitor health status in real time, and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension and premature delivery, so as to reduce the risk of myopia in children and adolescents. Implement the "Standard for Eye Care and Vision Examination Services for Children Aged 0-6", establish children’s eye health files, and make one file for each person, which will be transferred in real time with children and adolescents entering school. Popularize the scientific knowledge of children’s eye care to parents, and guide families to actively accept children’s eye care and vision examination services. Carry out health guidance, don’t touch the electronic screen before the age of 3, preschool children should try to avoid touching and using video electronic products, reduce the time of using their eyes at close range, increase the time of outdoor activities, maintain correct reading and writing posture, develop good sleep habits and ensure adequate and regular sleep. At school age, we should advocate at least one hour of outdoor activities in and out of school every day, reduce long-term close eye use and maintain adequate regular sleep. Implementing myopia prevention and control from the whole life cycle can realize the forward movement of myopia prevention and control and improve the vision health in the whole life cycle.

　　(B) the combination of prevention and control, the whole population and key population strategy.

　　1. The whole crowd strategy. Children and adolescents are generally susceptible to myopia, so it is necessary to take the whole population strategy to prevent and control myopia, carry out health education on myopia prevention and control, increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce long-term use of eyes at close range, build a visually friendly environment and other public health intervention measures to do a good job of prevention and control at the first level of the whole population.

　　2. Key population strategy. According to the stages of myopia, corresponding intervention measures should be carried out to reduce the risk of rapid development of myopia. For those with normal vision and sufficient hyperopia reserve, prevent the hyperopia reserve from being consumed prematurely. The main goal of prevention and control of myopia is to slow down the occurrence of myopia. Low myopia should control the progress of myopia, while high myopia should prevent fundus lesions and reduce the risk of blindness.

　　(three) demonstration and guidance, strengthen the prevention and control and intervention process and effect evaluation.

　　1. Pilot first, demonstration leading. Construct a six-in-one comprehensive prevention and control strategy of government leadership, responsibility of competent departments, monitoring of professional health institutions, school leadership, family cooperation and students’ subjectivity. Disease control institutions at all levels rely on the monitoring of common diseases and health influencing factors of students and the appropriate technology pilot platform to implement the monitoring of myopia of children and adolescents, guide and coordinate relevant parties to implement effective comprehensive public health intervention measures, and take outdoor activities and sports activities as the main starting point to realize the prevention of multiple diseases.

　　2. Pay attention to process and effect evaluation. Disease control institutions at all levels should regularly carry out students’ vision monitoring, deeply analyze the monitoring data over the years, and report the main students’ health problems and suggestions found in the monitoring to the local government in time. Based on the practical research method, the transformation and application from theory to practice can promote the implementation and dissemination of intervention actions. Conduct process and effect evaluation, introduce the implementation research framework and theoretical model, such as the process and effect indicators of comprehensive public health intervention for myopia prevention and control and its collection method (Table 4), comprehensively evaluate the accessibility, effectiveness, applicability and sustainability of intervention actions from the individual level and organizational level, and systematically evaluate the implementation effect of comprehensive public health intervention for children and adolescents with myopia.

　　

　　On August 2, US Speaker of the House of Representatives Pelosi insisted on visiting Taiwan, China despite China’s strong opposition and solemn representations. The People’s Liberation Army of China countered with practical actions. Since August 2, it has launched a series of joint military operations around Taiwan Island. From 12: 00 on August 4 to 12: 00 on August 7, it conducted important military exercises in the designated sea areas and airspace, and organized live-fire shooting. Why is the area of the China People’s Liberation Army’s training exercise so demarcated? What are the characteristics of the training content and participating troops? What do you want to achieve through this training? Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University, analyzed and interpreted the related issues one by one.

　　• On August 2, US Speaker of the House of Representatives Pelosi insisted on visiting Taiwan, China despite China’s strong opposition and solemn representations. After the incident, People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s spokesperson, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Taiwan Province Work Office, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Foreign Affairs Committee and Ministry of National Defense’s spokespersons immediately issued statements, statements and talks, which were firmly opposed and severely condemned.

　　• Late at night on August 2nd, China Xie Feng, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs was ordered to urgently summon U.S. Ambassador to China Burns to make solemn representations and strong protests to the U.S. side on behalf of the China administration over Speaker Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, China.

　　• On the evening of August 2, the People’s Liberation Army of China announced that it would conduct important military exercises in the designated sea areas and airspace from 12: 00 on August 4 to 12: 00 on August 7, 2022, and organize live-fire shooting. Beginning on the evening of August 2, the Eastern Theater launched a series of joint military operations around Taiwan Island, and conducted joint air and sea exercises in the northern, southwest and southeast airspace of Taiwan Island.

　　• On August 3rd, the Eastern Theater was located in the northern, southwest and southeast sea and airspace of Taiwan Island, and organized a practical joint exercise with the participation of the theater navy, air force, rocket army, strategic support force, joint logistics support force and other forces, focusing on joint blockade control, sea assault, land attack, air combat and other subjects.

　　• On August 4th, the Eastern Theater organized troops to carry out an unprecedented practical training in the sea and airspace around Taiwan Island, and successfully carried out long-range firepower and conventional missile firepower live-fire shooting in the scheduled sea area, all of which hit the target accurately.

　　• On the afternoon of August 4th, Senior Colonel Shi Yi, spokesman of the Eastern Theater, said that the whole live-fire launching training task had been successfully completed, and the relevant air and sea control had been lifted.

　　What breakthroughs have our army made in the training activities around Taiwan Island this time?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University, said: The training activities around Taiwan Island are really different from the previous training activities aimed at "Taiwan independence" in the history of our army. There are three main features:

　　The first one is approaching Taiwan Island. This time, whether it is the six designated areas, the whole live-fire shooting, or our training activities, it is very close to Taiwan Island. This has never happened in the past. In the past, we were mainly along the mainland, but this time we directly zoned around Taiwan Island, and even zoned our target to the east of Taiwan Island. It should be said that such a plan has a great deterrent effect on "Taiwan independence".

　　The second is Heweitai Island. This is also unprecedented. We said that we had never approached Taiwan Island in the past, let alone encircled Taiwan Island. The six major areas we have delineated closely surround Taiwan Island, which can be jointly blocked and controlled, and can also strike at the "Taiwan independence" forces. Therefore, such an encircling Taiwan island is like a chain. If six areas connect it into a line, it is equivalent to trapping "Taiwan independence" in the island. So this is an unprecedented island in the history of our army.

　　The third is to deter the intervention of external forces. In fact, two areas to the north of this area are close to Okinawa, while the two areas to the south are guarding bashi channel, so bashi channel can be jointly blocked. What does this mean? Bashi channel is the only place to pass in and out of the South China Sea, which has a direct deterrent effect on external forces.

　　Why did you choose these six places on the map as the training areas?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University: Actually, it contains profound connotations. The first area is the southeast of Pingtan Island. This is the narrowest part of the Taiwan Province Strait, which actually completely breaks the so-called "central line of the Strait". The concept of "the central line of the strait" was drawn by Americans. We never recognized the so-called "central line of the strait", and there is no such "central line of the strait" in the eyes of the People’s Liberation Army. This time, I think it completely broke the so-called "strait center line." Pingtan Island in the east is the narrowest place from this strait, and two-thirds of the so-called "strait midline" is on the east side of the "strait". Therefore, the designation of this area this time has profound significance. Look at the two areas in the north, one is the northeast and the other is the north, just off the coast of Keelung Port in Taiwan Province. This means that a blockade can be imposed on Keelung Port. Look at this area in the east. This area is the east of Taiwan Island. In front of it are two important military bases of Taiwan Army, one is Hualien and the other is Taitung. Hualien has a Jiashan base, which is the underground hangar of Taiwan military. It is said that in order to avoid the first attack of the People’s Liberation Army, it can accommodate more than 400 planes, and it is also known as the so-called largest underground hangar in the Far East. The establishment of such an area in the east has an important direction.It is a direct attack on the two military bases of the Taiwan military. Look at these two districts in the south. One is the southeast of Kenting in Taiwan Province, which is guarding bashi channel. Bashi channel is the gateway to and from the South China Sea, so bashi channel can be blocked. Look at the last area, southwest of Taiwan Province, which happens to be a sea and airspace in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province, and it has formed a trend of closing the door to "Taiwan independence". So connect the six areas into a line, just like a noose, and the knot of the noose is just in the southwest direction.

　　What changes have been made in this exercise compared with 1996?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:There are several changes. The first change is that the exercise in 1996 was also a deterrent to "Taiwan independence", mainly aimed at a series of "Taiwan independence" actions of Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the United States in 1995. That exercise was mainly on the coastal line near the mainland, and this time it was mainly near Taiwan Island. The second change is that the intensity and intensity are much higher than that. This exercise can be said to be the strongest, strongest and most deterrent in our previous exercises in the Taiwan Strait crisis. For example, our missiles fired directly across the island, which happened to cross the area where Patriot missiles in Taiwan Province were densely deployed. At the same time, it also achieved a precise strike under the nose of the American Aegis ship, forcing the American "Reagan" aircraft carrier to retreat for hundreds of kilometers. The third change is to organize a shocking exercise of aircraft carrier formation for the first time and build a three-dimensional combat platform at sea. When the aircraft carrier formation goes out, there should be nuclear submarines operating underwater. Although it is dominated by the eastern theater, other theaters are also involved. The subjects of the exercise include joint blockade, attack on the sea, assault on land, and air combat. Its actual combat background is very strong. Although this is a training exercise, it can be transformed from training to actual combat at any time.

　　On August 4th, the Eastern Theater Air Force and the Eastern Theater Naval Air Force dispatched hundreds of fighters, bombers and other multi-type fighters to take off in formation, and went to the airspace in the north, southwest and southeast of Taiwan Island to carry out joint reconnaissance, air assault, support cover and other tasks day and night. More than 10 escort ships continued to be deployed in the waters around Taiwan Island, carrying out joint sealing and control operations, sweeping the sea for the fire test area, and cooperating with neighboring forces to conduct reconnaissance and guidance.

　　At about 13: 00, the Army troops of the Eastern Theater launched a long-range fire live-fire shooting in the Taiwan Province Strait, which struck a specific area in the eastern part of the Taiwan Province Strait accurately and achieved the expected results. After receiving the combat mission in the morning, in the mission area of an artillery brigade of the Army in the Eastern Theater, a number of new long-range box rockets were maneuvered to the launching position according to orders. After arriving at the shooting area, the detachment quickly completed the preparations for live-fire shooting such as rocket loading and shooting data binding. As the commander gave the password, many shells rushed to the target sea area and hit the target accurately. After receiving the combat mission, the officers and men of a missile brigade of the Rocket Army in the Eastern Theater quickly completed the preparations for combat mobilization, and the troops were ordered to move to the scheduled combat area. After arriving at the predetermined area, the launching unit quickly hides and stands by to get ready for launch. After receiving the launch command, the trumpeter quickly started to operate, erect the missile and bind the parameters.

　　At about 15 o’clock, with the commander’s command, the missiles rose in turn and stabbed the sky. The Rocket Force of the Eastern Theater launched a multi-regional and multi-model conventional missile fire assault on the scheduled sea area off the eastern part of Taiwan Island, and all the missiles hit the target area. Later, Shi Yi, a spokesperson for the Eastern Theater, said that the entire live-fire launch training mission had been successfully completed, and the relevant air and sea control was lifted.

　　What are the characteristics of this long-range rocket launcher?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:The biggest hot spot this time is live ammunition. Live-fire shooting, one is the army’s long-range rocket launcher, and the other is the rocket army’s regular pilot test firing. Long-range rockets are different from ordinary rockets: the first one is long range. From tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, it can cover the whole island of Taiwan Province. It was the shelling of Kinmen in 1958, and now it can cover the whole island. In fact, it also sent a clear signal to Taiwan independence that long-range rockets can cover the whole island, not to mention other weapons. The second is high accuracy. New army long-range rockets are generally equipped with guidance devices, which have high launch density and high launch accuracy. You can call whenever you want, and you can call wherever you want. The third is cost-effective. The ammunition of long-range rocket launcher is very different from precision guided and medium-and long-range missiles. General cruise missiles, tens of millions of RMB, and long-range rocket ammunition are much cheaper. That is to say, as long as we rely on the system support of our industrial and military departments, we can produce it quickly. This is the third feature of long-range rocket launchers. The fourth is very mobile. Long-range rocket launchers are all highly mobile vehicles to carry, which are highly mobile, stop when they say it, and fight when they say it, and its survival rate is relatively strong. I think this is the outstanding feature of the new long-range rocket launcher!

　　What are the characteristics of the conventional missiles launched this time?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:This time, our conventional missiles have also performed well. The media in Taiwan Province have blown up the pot, and they have reported that China’s medium-and long-range missiles and conventional missiles have flown over Taiwan Province Island. Even Taiwan Province’s defense department has come out to reassure the people, saying that everyone should not be nervous and panic, because their missiles are very high and will not pose a threat to the island, which also reflects the guilty conscience of Taiwan Province’s defense department. This time, the rocket army’s conventional missiles are very accurate. It has several characteristics: the first is precision strike; The second one has strong penetration ability, which can break through the anti-missile system; The third is that it has a strong viability. This time, we often guide a lot of mobile launches, and we can go after the fight.

　　What kind of development state can we see from this training operation?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:In the past ten years, the development and upgrading of our army’s weapons and equipment has been very fast. For example, the army’s equipment that everyone is concerned about is becoming more and more advanced, and large surface ships are emerging like Lower jiaozi. We often see the so-called Dongfeng Express, which means that our conventional Dongfeng series missiles and various types of series missiles are becoming more and more complete, which constitutes such a systematic capability.

　　What style did our officers and men show during this training activity?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:The strength of our army can be classified from two major aspects: one is the hard strength of our army, that is, the level of weapons and equipment and the information-based combat capability that everyone sees, which are all hard strength. One is the soft power of our army, such as the commanding ability and level of commanders, the spiritual outlook of officers and men, and our firm belief, determination and will. This is also a very important aspect. I think there is a saying that the artillery listens to my command and I listen to the party’s command, which reflects that the officers and men of our army have taken on a new look in the new era.

　　On August 3rd, when asked by reporters about Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan Province, UN Secretary-General Guterres affirmed his adherence to the one-China principle.

　　UN Secretary-General Guterres:Our position is very clear. We abide by the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and the one-China principle. Everything we do is guided by this principle.

　　The Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, which holds the rotating presidency of ASEAN, issued a statement saying that ASEAN member countries support the one-China principle and call for upholding the UN Charter and the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia.

　　On August 4th, Tan Kefei, spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense, made a speech on our series of military countermeasures. China’s army means what it says. The Eastern Theater of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army organized multi-service and multi-service joint targeted drills such as sea assault, land attack and air combat in the sea and airspace around Taiwan Island, and organized live-fire shooting with precision weapons, which was a solemn shock to the United States and Taiwan.

　　It is not only "Taiwan independence", not only the separatist forces on the island, but also the United States that will be shocked by this training exercise.

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:Our exercise is indeed strongly targeted. From a historical perspective, the United States has been saying one thing and doing another for so many years. We often talk about the one-China policy, and we have repeatedly said that it has not changed until the Biden administration. Moreover, Biden made a promise and statement called "Four No’s and No Objections", that is to say, the one-China policy will not change, nor will opposing Taiwan Province’s "independence". But if we take a closer look, the United States is saying one thing and doing another. Say no change, in fact, we see that Pelosi, as the No.3 powerful figure in the United States, and the US Congress, as an important part of the US government, made a surprise visit to Taiwan Province, which seriously violated Three Joint Communiqués’s regulations and the one-China principle, seriously damaged Sino-US relations and relations between the two militaries, and also seriously shaken the political foundation for the development of relations between the two countries. In addition to Pelosi’s visit, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the United States immediately issued three joint communiques, and soon the US Congress passed the so-called Taiwan Relations Act, which itself runs counter to the spirit of the three joint communiques. Therefore, in the decades since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the United States has continuously sold weapons to Taiwan Province, and has sold them more than 100 times. We see that arms sales to Taiwan are high-end, continuous and normal. In addition, there are many others. For example, the United States keeps internationalizing the Taiwan Province issue in the international community and wants to include Taiwan Province as an observer member of the World Health Organization.But also a few countries and forces that support or encourage the international community to support such actions of Taiwan Province. For example, the establishment of the "Taiwan Representative Office" in Lithuania is supported and encouraged by the United States. All these show that as long as the United States does not change its style of saying one thing and doing another, and does not change its cold war mentality and hegemonic thinking, I think it is difficult to stabilize Sino-US relations.

　　At present, more than 100 countries in the world have expressed their support for China’s position and opposed the provocative behavior of the United States. Including the United Nations, what do you think of this universal response from the international community?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University: We say that the principle of one China has become the general consensus of the international community, and adhering to the policy of one China has also become the basic norm of international relations. As early as October 25, 1971, the United Nations adopted the famous resolution 2758. This resolution clearly states that the government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the sole legal government and Taiwan Province is an inalienable part of China. This has formed the basic norms of international relations, and we have established diplomatic relations with 181 countries. The most important political basis for these 181 countries to establish diplomatic relations is that they all recognize the one-China policy, so one China is also a world trend. The general trend of the world is vast, those who follow it will prosper, and those who go against it will die.

　　The one-China principle is the general consensus of the international community, and national reunification is also the general trend.

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:You are right. In fact, it is not only the basic norm of international relations, but also the world trend. We say that the realization of national reunification is an irresistible trend, and no one or force can stop it, nor can we provide any opportunity for anyone or force to split China. This is our clear attitude. We talked about a series of countermeasures we have taken this time, especially the major military countermeasures, which not only showed our determination and will to resolutely defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, but also showed that we in Chinese kept our word, and we kept our word and will do so in the future. However, our major policy of peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" has not changed. We still have to adhere to such a major policy, because peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" are most beneficial to the people on both sides of the strait and to the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. As long as there is a glimmer of hope for peace, I think everyone should make 100% peace efforts. But on the other hand, we can’t allow any attempt to split China. Therefore, historical experience has repeatedly proved that only when you can fight can you make peace, and it is more necessary to prepare for peace. For a country and a nation, both peace and preparation should be hard. For an army, there is only one kind of military duty, that is, preparing for war. Therefore, we say that we did not, do not and will never promise to give up the use of force. Moreover, in order to achieve national reunification, we have made the greatest peaceful efforts.But we will never promise to give up using force to solve this problem, provided that Taiwan Province cannot be independent and external forces cannot interfere.

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