CCTV News:At the beginning of 2020, everyone’s life became unusual because of an unknown and sudden epidemic. In the face of an unprecedented and menacing epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core made overall plans and decisive decisions, adhered to the principle of putting people first and life first, put people’s life safety and health first, made concerted efforts from top to bottom, and adopted the strictest, most comprehensive and thorough prevention and control measures, thus starting a people’s war, an overall war and a blocking war for epidemic prevention and control.

　　In order to publicize the great anti-epidemic spirit, show the elegant demeanour of advanced grass-roots party organizations and outstanding Communist party member in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, deepen and expand the educational achievements of the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission", expand the achievements in the selection and commendation of outstanding Communist party member and advanced grass-roots party organizations in China, and create a strong atmosphere of unity, encouragement and promotion of righteousness, the Central Organization Department and the Central Radio and Television General Station jointly produced the special program "Example 5".

　　"Example 5" will be premiered at 20:06 pm on March 22nd on CCTV-1, the Central Radio and Television General Station. The Communist party member Network (www.12371.cn), CCTV Video and CCTV Network will broadcast live simultaneously and provide on-demand services.

　　The seven (group) "role models" are outstanding Communist party member and advanced grass-roots party organizations from various positions. They are soldiers in white, People’s Liberation Army, public security police, grassroots cadres, community workers and volunteers. They all have a common name: Communist party member.

　　Next, let’s go back to that late spring again, to the battlefield where we can’t see the smoke, and listen to their stories. ……

Zhang Xijing
　　Deputy head of the expert group of Vulcan Hospital,
　　Director of the first department of critical care medicine
　　Director, Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University

　　He insisted on being a soldier and charged first. In Wuchang Hospital with counterpart support, he took the initiative to fight, led 19 party member backbones to enter the intensive care unit first, checked the patients one by one, grasped the condition, gave full play to the advantages of 24 years of experience in intensive care medicine, and worked closely with local medical staff to accurately formulate the individualized treatment plan for each patient. He has great trust in his life, and every minute counts. As the deputy head of the expert group of Vulcan Hospital, he participated in the consultation of all critically ill patients in the hospital, discussed the treatment plan with colleagues on the commuter bus to and from the hospital, returned to the station to watch the academic seminar video about CT images, and carried out research on the diagnosis and treatment plan of pneumonia in danger ….. He was busy everywhere. "Race against time and grab people with death, we must cherish time like gold". Ward, station and consultation are the normal state of his daily work. In September 2020, Zhang Xijing was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Zhang hong
　　Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
　　Head nurse of gynecological oncology department

　　She stood up to the danger. When the epidemic came, she volunteered, entered the isolation ward in the first batch, led the nurses to stay awake, and completed the transformation of the isolation ward within 48 hours. 80% of the patients in her ward are critically ill, and she takes the lead in scrubbing, nursing urine and feces, collecting throat swabs, debridement and dressing changes for patients with pressure ulcers. She has always adhered to her post, and has not left the fever ward for 15 consecutive days, working for more than 13 hours a day. She treats patients like family members. Some patients can’t take care of themselves. She helps them turn over and knock on their backs, do oral care, and feed them bite by bite at the bedside. One stop is more than an hour. She goes to the patient’s bedside every day to give them psychological counseling and relieve their psychological pressure. Before work, she always chats with patients in the ward to encourage them to maintain their confidence in recovery. In September 2020, Zhang Hong was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Du Yun
　　Fangcao Community, Longyang Street, Hanyang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province
　　Secretary of the Party branch and director of the neighborhood committee

　　Based on her post, she led party member cadres to stick to the front line of community prevention and control. At the beginning of the outbreak, she immediately set up an epidemic prevention and control publicity group and party member Pioneer Group, posted nearly 4,000 publicity notices, raised more than 2,000 masks for community residents, and instructed residents to do a good job in home isolation. She mobilized the community party member, the head of the door and the grid staff to conduct a dragnet investigation on 3,846 households, check the situation of each household by telephone one by one, and establish the residents’ health records. She established a "residents’ grocery shopping group", turned community cadres into "purchasing agents" and "couriers", and carried out non-contact condolences to elderly residents with children alone, making residents feel more at home. Residents in the community all said, "The community has Secretary Du ‘ Take charge ’ Everyone is very relieved and comfortable. " Du Yun was awarded the 24th China Youth May 4th Medal, and in September 2020, Du Yun was awarded the titles of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Dawa kurakusho
　　Director of nagqu prefecture Police Station, Seni District Public Security Bureau, Naqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region

　　She gave up her family for everyone and devoted herself to epidemic prevention and control. After the outbreak of the epidemic, she volunteered to join the investigation team, and has been sticking to the post of epidemic prevention and control inspection and investigation. In the early stage of the epidemic, she was often busy until three or four in the morning, with an average sleep of less than five hours every day, and did not take a day off. From January 28th, 2020 to the end of June, a total of 188,425 people and 70,040 trips were investigated, 148 people were persuaded to return, 16 people were found to have fever, and 11,993 people were investigated as suspicious people, providing a green passage for 938 vehicles transporting materials. She persisted in her work despite her illness, and she was selfless and dedicated. On average, she calls more than 300 times a day to verify and record the information of relevant personnel. She has been working under high load in a cold and anoxic environment for a long time, causing ear canal infection and suppuration. Because she can’t let go of the epidemic prevention and control work, she has been unable to take care of treatment, resulting in perforation of the eardrum, and her hearing is getting worse and worse. Now she can hardly hear the sound in her left ear. In September 2020, Dawakura was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" and "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Yong Wang
　Manager of Jianghan Branch of Hubei SF Express

　　He is a "life ferryman" who volunteered to send medical staff off work. During the epidemic, the city of Wuhan was closed and the public transportation operation was suspended. He stepped forward, one person and one car, and volunteered to pick up and drop off the medical staff from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital late at night every day since the New Year’s Eve. Inspired by him, many drivers joined in, and gradually formed a volunteer team with more than 30 cars, which solved the commuting problem of medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. He is a volunteer service organizer who serves medical staff well. He mobilized social forces to participate in epidemic prevention and control, contacted restaurants for meals, implemented 15,000 meals, quickly set up an emergency distribution network for meals, and solved the problem of eating more than 7,800 medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. He acts as the "stationmaster of the material station", purchasing down jackets and other daily necessities for the medical staff of Jinyintan Hospital, and sending them warmth. He is a "bosom friend" of medical staff in Jinyintan Hospital. Because of his outstanding performance in fighting the epidemic, Wang Yong was approved by the Party branch of Wuhan Shunheng Express Co., Ltd. on February 28, 2020, and reported to the Working Committee of Jianghan Economic Development Zone in Wuhan for approval to join the Party. In September 2020, Yong Wang was awarded the title of "National Advanced Individual in Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic".

Huoshenshan Thunder God Mountain hospital Construction Unit Party Organization

　　At the tense moment when the COVID-19 epidemic was raging, China Construction Third Bureau took the lead, gathering more than 40,000 management and construction personnel from all over the country and putting more than 3,500 sets of machinery and equipment into the battlefield. On the construction site, 14 temporary party branches, 14 party member commandos and 2,688 party member took the lead in fighting, and party flag, who held high everywhere, gave the builders the greatest encouragement. With the support of the people of the whole country, it created the "China speed" of building two infectious disease hospitals and adding 2,600 beds in about 10 days, which fully demonstrated the "Chinese strength" of unity and hard work. Seeing this achievement, Tan Desai, Director-General of the World Health Organization, said: "I have never seen such mobilization in my life." In September 2020, they were awarded the title of "National Advanced Grassroots Party Organization" and the 24th "China Youth May 4th Award Collective" by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the All-China Youth Federation.

Temporary Party Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Aid Wuhan Anti-epidemic Front Command

　　Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Provisional Party Committee of the Front Command of Anti-epidemic in Wuhan, Zhejiang Province has led 1,844 medical personnel (including 852 in party member and 159 in party member) to support the anti-epidemic in Wuhan, and successively transferred to 11 intensive care hospitals, 4 shelter hospitals and relevant disease control institutions, with a total of 2,964 patients, including 858 critically ill and critically ill patients, and 1,993 people were cured and discharged, thus successfully completing the anti-epidemic task of aiding Wuhan. In September, 2020, the Provisional Party Committee of Wuhan Anti-epidemic Front Command of Zhejiang Province was awarded the title of "National Advanced Grassroots Party Organization", and its nine collectives and 33 individuals were commended by the national ministries and commissions and the provincial level respectively.

　　The special program "Example 5" shows the dauntless spirit of Communist party member Do not forget your initiative mind, who actively participated in the epidemic prevention and control work, remembering the mission, daring to fight and dare to win, highlighting the role of grassroots party organizations as a fighting fortress and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, and interpreting the great anti-epidemic spirit of life first, national unity, giving up one’s life and forgetting one’s death, respecting science and sharing destiny.

Moderator Wang Xiaolei, Wang Ning

Wang Xiaomei recited "I sent the youngest baby to the battlefield"

The representative of "Example 5" took the oath on stage.

　　This is an arduous and vigorous struggle against the epidemic; This is a heroic song of the Chinese nation, united as one and overcome difficulties together. China unites people with "life first", confronts major epidemics with the strength of the whole country, and overcomes the difficulties with "the community of human destiny", which shows the strength of China, the spirit of China and the efficiency of China.

　　Some people are fighting hard in the front line, while others are sticking to it in the rear. In this arduous war and epidemic struggle, they built a series of solid barriers, and left a precious wealth for mankind to fight against Covid-19 with blood, sweat and even life. They showed party member’s responsibility and dedication, as well as the powerful forces of joint prevention and control, mass prevention and mass control, and demonstrated the great power of winning the people’s war to prevent and control the epidemic.

　　In this "epidemic" struggle, there are more than 4.6 million grass-roots party organizations and more than 90 million Communist party member, with party member commandos charging at the forefront and bright red party flag holding high at the forefront. They practice their initial heart and mission with the power of vanguard and example, regard ordinary jobs as a life stage to display their talents and ambitions, forge ahead in a new journey, build a new era and create new achievements! Tonight, let us pay tribute to the role models!

Central radio and television main station
　CCTV Integrated Channel (CCTV-1)
At 20:06 on March 22nd.
Cctv special page
Central video "Moral Observation" account
　Communist party member Network (www.12371.cn)
Example 5
　　 Stay tuned!

　　Hangzhou, April 2 (Reporter Liu Leping and Yu Qin) On the afternoon of the 2 nd, the Zhejiang Working Conference on Building a Safe Province was held in Hangzhou. At the meeting, Yuan Jiajun, secretary of the provincial party committee and leader of the Zhejiang Leading Group for Building a Safe Province, stressed that it is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on safe construction, vigorously promote "security in danger removal" and iteratively improve the great safety mechanism of closed-loop risk management. Form a powerful situation of grasping security in the whole range, in all fields and in the whole process, build an iron wall to prevent risks and protect security, and create a safe and stable political and social environment for the successful convening of the 20 th Party Congress and the 15 th Provincial Party Congress and the successful holding of the Asian Paralympic Games in Hangzhou.

　　Wang Hao, Deputy Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Governor and Deputy Head of Zhejiang Leading Group for Building a Safe Provincial Party Committee, presided over the meeting, and Huang Lixin, Chen Jinbiao, Wang Cheng, Chen Yijun, Liang Liming, Zhao Guangjun, Wang Chengguo and Li Zhanguo attended. At the meeting, Wang Changrong read out the commendation for Ping ‘an city, county (city, district) in 2021 and 2020— In 2021, the notification of advanced collectives and individuals in the construction of Ping ‘an Zhejiang, the leaders of the participating provinces presented awards to the winners. The Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Lishui City and Pujiang County made typical speeches, and the person in charge of the Political and Legal Committee of the Provincial Party Committee focused on "improving the drying mechanism and promoting ‘ Security ’ The theme of "full coverage of the whole world" was given.

　　Yuan Jiajun pointed out that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to the construction of peace, delivered a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions, especially in recent years, he has made new important expositions on preventing risks and deepening the construction of peace, which has pointed out the direction for us to do a good job in peace and provided fundamental follow-up. We should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of peace, and earnestly enhance the political consciousness, ideological consciousness and action consciousness of promoting "danger removal and security".

　　In his speech, Yuan Jiajun fully affirmed the remarkable achievements made in the construction of Ping ‘an Zhejiang in the past year, but also pointed out the weak links and potential risks existing in the current work, and stressed that we should fully understand the new stage characteristics and regional characteristics faced by the construction of Ping ‘an in our province, focus on the 20th National Congress of Juli Ping ‘an Escort Party, and further polish the gold business card of Ping ‘an Zhejiang with the help of the drying mechanism of "danger removal and security".

　　Yuan Jiajun stressed that it is necessary to put political security first, further strengthen the defense line of political security, strictly guard against all kinds of infiltration and sabotage activities, deepen the special campaign to crack down on terrorism, and constantly purify the ecology of online public opinion. We should do our utmost to prevent and resolve the risks of social contradictions, carry out in-depth social risk assessment of major decisions, focus on special actions to investigate contradictions and disputes, and do our best to resolve the accumulated cases of letters and visits. It is necessary to strengthen the rectification and improvement of outstanding problems in the construction of peace, strengthen the service management of floating population, promote the three-dimensional, intelligent and rule-based prevention and control of social security, strengthen the care for special groups, and strive to improve the efficiency of maintaining public safety. It is necessary to speed up the creation of a "one center, four platforms and one grid" grassroots social governance system, promote the iterative upgrading of the "141" system, accelerate the convergence of the "141" system, give better play to the role of the "141" system in epidemic prevention and control, and continuously improve the ability and level of effective governance at the grassroots level. It is necessary to deepen the digital reform in the field of Ping ‘an construction, continuously iterate the digital rule of law system framework, comprehensively support major reforms in Ping ‘an construction, accelerate the construction of a "rule of law brain", and promote system reconstruction, process reengineering and system reshaping in all fields of Ping ‘an construction. It is necessary to establish and improve the drying working mechanism of "danger removal and security" and establish the working system of "danger removal and security".Accelerate the construction of the comprehensive application of "danger removal and security" drying, and form a "discovery — Handling — Draw inferences — Improve the closed-loop of regulations, establish and improve the responsibility implementation mechanism, respond to the uncertainty of risks with the certainty of the mechanism, and strive to achieve the security from one domain at a time to full-time global security.

　　Finally, Yuan Jiajun put forward clear requirements for doing a good job in the Qingming holiday, stressing that it is necessary to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, strictly strengthen the investigation and control of people who come to Zhejiang and return to Zhejiang, strengthen the epidemic prevention and control in key places during the Qingming period, strictly implement the inspection measures for key personnel, and strictly implement the measures for preventing people, things and the environment and diverting people from airports and ports; Pay close attention to the work of safety in production, carry out in-depth inspection of safety in production and investigation of hidden dangers, and do a good job in traffic guidance; Strengthen emergency duty, strictly implement the system of 24-hour special person on duty, prepare for emergency support in advance, and ensure that the people have a safe, healthy and peaceful holiday.

　　Wang Hao stressed that it is necessary to learn and understand the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of peace, focus on the 20th National Congress of the Peace Escort Party, the 15th Party Congress of the province and the Asian Paralympic Games of the Hangzhou Asian Games, highlight key points, eliminate risks and ensure security, and iteratively improve the risk closed-loop management and control mechanism to ensure social stability and people’s peace. It is necessary to take laying the foundation at the grass-roots level as a long-term plan and a solid policy, adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, strengthen the construction of "one center, four platforms and one grid" in grass-roots governance, lay a solid foundation, grasp early and grasp small, and lay a solid foundation for safe construction and weave a more dense defense line. It is necessary to tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control, adhere to external defense input and internal defense rebound, strengthen the investigation and control of those who come to Zhejiang and return to Zhejiang, make good use of grassroots grid management and other mechanisms, and resolutely guard the "gate" of entering Zhejiang and the "small gate" of epidemic prevention; We will improve the emergency duty system for epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the transition from peacetime to wartime, put out the epidemic in the shortest time as soon as there is any situation, and resolutely hold the bottom line of no large-scale rebound.

　　The meeting was held in the form of video conference, and each city and county (city, district) set up sub-meeting places. The main person in charge of the relevant units under the provincial Ministry attended the main venue.

Reading tips

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee took "ruling the country according to law" as the theme for the first time, and clearly and comprehensively promoted the rule of law, built Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s legal system and built a socialist country ruled by law.

"Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core and strengthen the implementation of the Constitution."

"To adhere to the rule of law, we must first adhere to the constitution, and to adhere to the rule of law must first govern according to the constitution."

"Improve the constitutional implementation and supervision system, improve the constitutional supervision system of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation."

……

The series of statements in the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee are raising the full implementation of the Constitution to a new level, and have laid down a clear "road map" for comprehensively promoting and governing the country according to the Constitution, and then fully implementing the basic strategy of governing the country according to law.

党内重要文件首提“依宪治国”

党的十八届四中全会闭幕了，一张依法治国的新的“路线图”也由此展开。

“坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。”这是新中国成立以来，中国共产党第一次在重要文件里明确提出“依宪治国”和“依宪执政”的概念。

著名法学家郭道晖对此格外看重。他和李步云、江平一起被学界尊称为中国“法治三老”，他说：“这是公报里一个重要的亮点，也是最高领袖总书记在几次会议上提到的。”

的确，当选中共中央总书记刚刚20天，最高领袖就在纪念现行宪法公布施行30周年大会上提出：“依法治国，首先是依宪治国；依法执政，关键是依宪执政”。今年9月他在全国人民代表大会成立60周年大会讲话中再次强调这一理念。

关注有关信息，多位专家认为，这次四中全会公报给出了一个明确的信号，只有推进依宪治国和依宪执政，才能将形式上的法治逐步上升为实质上的法治。

上海交通大学凯原法学院院长季卫东解读认为，对于党来说，依宪治国是一个要不要把统治建立在共识的基础上的问题，要不要履行对人民的承诺的问题，要不要使得整个法律体系不会发生矛盾、一以贯之的问题，更重要的是要不要保障人的基本权利。

Xiaomei Liu, an associate researcher at the Institute of International Law of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country and the rule of law can form a platform by governing the country according to the Constitution, and the three can be unified under the Constitution.

Another expert explained that the life of law lies in its implementation, and the constitution is no exception. Without the comprehensive and effective implementation of the constitution, the goal of governing the country according to law cannot be truly realized. How the constitution is implemented can be regarded as a "yardstick" for governing the country according to law.

Insisting on governing the country according to the constitution still faces challenges and problems in concrete practice. Han Dayuan, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that civil servants, especially some senior cadres, have a weak constitutional concept, a weak constitutional consciousness and a lack of constitutional self-confidence on issues related to the core values and interests of the country, which leads to confusion of social values, damage to constitutional authority, and the phenomenon that the society does not act in accordance with the Constitution from time to time.

Mo jihong, vice president of china law society Constitutional Law Research Association, thinks that governing the country according to the constitution mainly refers to the specific strategies and methods of governing the country according to law. Governing the country according to law means that under the leadership of the party, the people are the masters of the country and govern the country according to the law, and the premise is the leadership of the party, and the key point is to govern the country according to the constitution.

Mo jihong said that every piece of legislation put forward in the communique is in line with the spirit of the Constitution. If legislation is not based on the Constitution, the Constitution will be shelved. Therefore, the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session particularly emphasized the guiding role of the Constitution in legislative work. To govern the country according to the constitution, we should do a good job in several tasks: constitutional implementation, constitutional interpretation and constitutional legislation.

Improve the constitutional supervision system, and the unconstitutional review will be ready.

The communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward: "Improve the system of constitutional implementation and supervision, and improve the system of constitutional supervision of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee".

This is the first time that the "constitutional supervision system" was written into the important document of the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Plenary Session after it was written into the 1982 Constitution.

"A timely investigation of unconstitutional acts is better than a thousand lectures on constitutional provisions and values." According to experts, during the 32 years since the "constitutional supervision system" entered the constitution, there has not been a constitutional review of a certain law, normative document or one of its provisions in China.

In this context, the new formulation of perfecting this system in the communique is particularly interesting. Among them, around "why should we implement constitutional supervision? Who will supervise? How to supervise? " Relevant experts made an interpretation.

"Without the supervision system, the constitution is a constitution without teeth." Li Buyun, a member of the Honorary Faculty of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that "to establish the authority of constitutional laws, we must establish a constitutional supervision system."

Guo Daohui, on the other hand, said that some laws and regulations and red-headed documents that only take care of the narrow interests of the department and local area, but infringe on the interests of the whole and citizens, and some administrative laws and regulations are ultra vires and violate the legislative procedures in formulating procedures, which are essentially unconstitutional.

The top leadership of the country has noticed that unconstitutional situations exist in different degrees throughout the country. On the 30th anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the current Constitution, when talking about the shortcomings and problems in the implementation of the Constitution, the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the main performance is that the supervision mechanism and specific system to ensure the implementation of the Constitution are still not perfect".

At present, there are two kinds of unconstitutional review systems in the world, one is the unconstitutional review system of ordinary courts, and the other is the unconstitutional review system of specialized agencies, the names of which are mostly constitutional courts or constitutional committees.

Articles 62 and 67 of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulate that one of the functions and powers of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee is to "supervise the implementation of the Constitution".

To improve this system, people in the legal field have concentrated their opinions on setting up a special constitutional supervision institution in the National People’s Congress.

Some experts pointed out that a basic common sense of constitutional science is that the ruling of constitutional disputes by the subject of constitutional supervision and unconstitutional review must be legally binding on all public authorities in the country, otherwise the relevant ruling will not be a real constitutional ruling.

A representative idea is that, on the basis of the existing nine special committees of the National People’s Congress, a constitutional supervision committee, composed of members of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the most qualified jurists, can be set up to put forward opinions on unconstitutional review and report them to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and finally the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress will discuss and decide.

"It is not of great significance to conduct an abstract review of the constitution, because it is unlikely that there will be a blatant violation of the explicit provisions of the Constitution." Ji Weidong believes that the unification of the legal system and the protection of human rights should be the two most important functions of unconstitutional review.

Improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation and make the constitution "live"

It is noteworthy that the Central Plenary Session with the theme of ruling the country according to law proposed to "improve the procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation".

Ma Huaide, vice president of China University of Political Science and Law, explained: "This is a brand-new formulation, which puts forward specific requirements for the interpretation procedure of the Constitution. In fact, it is to make the Constitution’ live’."

"Many provisions of the Constitution are principled provisions and need to be explained in specific implementation." Mo jihong said that without constitutional interpretation, the implementation of the Constitution would fail.

Qin Qianhong, a professor at Wuhan University, believes that when the reform enters the deep water stage, there will often be "fights" between legislation and legislative and judicial interpretations. In order to unify the legal system, there must be a unified interpretation. No one can have the right to interpret the constitution, and everyone is a constitutional judge.

"In 1982, the Constitution was revised many times, which adapted to the development of the country and society to a certain extent. However, not all problems must be solved through constitutional amendment, and establishing a constitutional interpretation mechanism is one way. " Qian Hongdao, a professor at Zhejiang University, said.

Constitutional interpretation is considered as a shortcoming of the current rule of law construction by the legal circles. According to Article 67 of China’s Constitution, the first power exercised by the NPC Standing Committee is to "interpret the Constitution", but the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has not exercised this power for many years.

Formulating the Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Law has become an important voice in the legal field in recent years, and some experts are committed to seeking the idea of "perfecting the constitutional interpretation procedure mechanism" on the basis of existing laws.

Focusing on the subject of constitutional interpretation, Wang Gongyi, former director of the Research Office of the Ministry of Justice, said: "We have a problem now, that is, replacing legal interpretation with a large number of judicial interpretations, and sometimes even replacing constitutional interpretation, which is not in line with the law."

Another jurist pointed out that under the current constitution and people’s congress system, it is absolutely impossible for ordinary courts (including the Supreme People’s Court) to interpret the constitution.

Focusing on activating the existing system or mechanism, experts suggest that the mechanism stipulated in Article 90 of the Legislative Law can be effectively linked with the constitutional interpretation.

Article 90 of the Legislative Law stipulates that five major organs may request constitutional review of regulations. These five organs include the State Council, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the standing committees of people’s congresses of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The article also stipulates that citizens can also put forward suggestions for constitutional review to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC): "If they think that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations are in conflict with the Constitution or laws, they can submit a written request for review to the NPC Standing Committee, and the working organs of the Standing Committee will distribute it to the relevant special committees for review and comments."

Lin Laifan, a professor of constitutional law in Tsinghua University, thinks that citizens can activate the "procedural mechanism of constitutional interpretation" with the help of individual cases, because this mechanism is closely related to citizens’ interests and has sufficient motivation to activate constitutional interpretation.

(In-depth news reporter Dong Lilong comprehensively reported by Xinhua News Agency, People’s Daily, Guangming Daily and other media)

be relevant

What does "the leadership of the party" express in the communique for 13 times?

In the communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee with more than 5,000 words, there were 13 times of "Party leadership". Experts believe that this shows that the rule of law construction in China aims at strengthening the leadership of the Party, rather than promoting the Western-style political system.

"The leadership of the party is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most fundamental guarantee of socialist rule of law." This important concept was written in the communique for the first time, and it was put forward: "It is a basic experience in the construction of socialist rule of law in China to implement the party’s leadership in the whole process and all aspects of governing the country according to law."

Experts interpret that this is the first time to clarify the relationship between party leadership and governing the country according to law in the form of plenary documents, and to clarify the party’s position in governing the country according to law.

Ma Huaide, vice president of China University of Political Science and Law and professor of administrative law, believes that China has established the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leading position in the Constitution, and upholding the leadership of the Party is the proper meaning in promoting the rule of law.

The communique pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen and improve the party’s leadership over the rule of law and implement the party’s leadership throughout the whole process of comprehensively promoting the rule of law.

"Implementing the Party’s leadership in the whole process of comprehensively promoting the rule of law" is interpreted by experts as four major responsibilities: leading legislation, ensuring law enforcement, supporting the judiciary and taking the lead in obeying the law. The relationship between "the leadership of the party" and governing the country according to law is clearly defined, from the concept declaration level to the responsibility level. This clarity itself is the adherence to the concept of governing the country according to law.

In the view of Chun Wong, president of China University of Political Science and Law and vice president of china law society, the leadership of the Party used to be mainly ideological, political and organizational, but we neglected that there is another kind of leadership, that is, the leadership of the Party is realized through the formulation and implementation of the Constitution and laws.

At the legislative level, in February this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said at the second meeting of the Central Leading Group for Deepening Reform that all major reforms should be based on the law and ensure that reforms are promoted on the track of the rule of law. The person in charge of the research office of the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legal Affairs Commission said that after the CPC Central Committee has made political decisions, it should first legislate and then implement them to ensure that all reform measures are carried out on the track of the rule of law.

Ruling by law requires both the party to govern the country according to the constitution and laws, and the party to govern the party according to the internal laws and regulations of the party. The communique further clarified that "leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in obeying the law, take the lead in handling affairs according to law, and must not exercise their power illegally, let alone substitute words for laws, suppress laws with power, and bending the law."

"Take the effectiveness of the rule of law construction as an important part of measuring the performance of leading bodies and leading cadres at all levels, and incorporate it into the performance appraisal index system, and take whether you can abide by the law and act according to law as an important part of inspecting cadres." Experts believe that this clear requirement of the plenary session will undoubtedly further improve party member cadres’ legal thinking and ability to handle affairs according to law.

　　CCTV News:This morning (November 5), the Central Meteorological Observatory also issued an orange warning for blizzard, a blue warning for cold wave, a blue warning for strong wind and a blue warning for severe convective weather. It is estimated that in the next three days, affected by strong cold air, there will be different degrees of cooling in most parts of China. Today and tomorrow, there will be large-scale heavy snowfall in parts of eastern and northeastern Inner Mongolia, and there will be heavy snowstorms or heavy blizzards in the local area. The local snowfall in Heilongjiang may exceed the historical extreme value in the same period; There are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and short-term heavy rainfall in Jiangnan and South China, which mainly occurs from day to night today. There will be strong windy weather in parts of the north and parts of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, and the winds in the Bohai Strait and other places can reach 9. Generally speaking, the weather situation is more complicated, and various types of weather have a great impact on China, reminding the public to pay close attention to local weather changes and take corresponding preventive measures.

　　Blizzard orange warning:From 08: 00 on November 5 to 08: 00 on November 6, there were heavy blizzards in parts of central and eastern Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei, northwestern Liaoning and southeastern Heilongjiang, including local blizzards (20 ~ 22 mm) in southeastern Inner Mongolia and southeastern Heilongjiang. The depth of newly added snow in some areas above is 5-10 cm, and the local area can reach more than 15 cm.

　　Tomorrow will be the strongest period of heavy snowfall in Northeast China (08: 00 on the 6th to 08: 00 on the 7th), and there will be heavy snowstorms to heavy blizzards in parts of southeastern Inner Mongolia, central and eastern Heilongjiang, central and western Jilin and central and northern Liaoning, including heavy blizzards (30-38mm) in southern and eastern Heilongjiang and northern Jilin. There is freezing rain in the central and western Jilin and southern Heilongjiang. The depth of newly added snow in the above areas is 10 ~ 20cm, and the local area can reach more than 25cm.

　　Cold wave blue warningAnd gale blue warning：Affected by strong cold air, it is predicted that the temperature in the eastern part of northwest China and most parts of central and eastern China will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ from 08: 00 on November 5 to 20: 00 on November 7. Among them, the temperature in parts of central and eastern Inner Mongolia, central and southern Northeast China and central and eastern Jianghuai will drop by 12 ~ 14℃, and the local temperature drop can reach more than 16℃ in southeastern Inner Mongolia, southwestern and eastern Jilin, central and northern Liaoning and central and northern Jiangsu. The lowest temperature appeared on the morning of the 7th, and the lowest temperature 0℃ line will be located in northern Hebei, southern Beijing, southwestern Shanxi, Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi and southeastern Gansu, and the lowest temperature in most areas along the Yangtze River will drop to about 10℃. There are 4 ~ 6 northerly winds in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the gusts are 7 ~ 9, and the local level can reach 10; From 5th to 6th, there were 6-8 winds in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the maximum gust was 9-10.

　　Blue warning of severe convective weather:From 08: 00 on November 5 to 08: 00 on November 6, there will be 8 ~ 10 thunderstorms or hail weather in parts of southern Anhui, north-central Jiangxi, south-central Hunan, southern Guizhou and north-central Guangxi; There will be short-term heavy precipitation in parts of central and southern Anhui, central Jiangsu, western Zhejiang, central and northern Jiangxi, eastern Hubei, most of Hunan, southern Guizhou, most of Guangxi, Hainan Island and other places, with a maximum hourly rainfall of 30-40 mm and a local area of more than 50 mm.

　　Meteorologists reminded that since November, cold air activities have been frequent and strong. It is expected that after the end of this round of cold air, there will be supplementary cold air activities on November 7-8, and the temperature in most parts of China will gradually decrease. In addition, due to the high temperature in the early stage in Northeast China, some areas will experience the phase change from rain to sleet and then to snow, and the local snowfall is extreme, or it breaks through the historical extreme value in the same period. We should pay special attention to the adverse effects that heavy snowfall may bring to production and life, and the elderly, children and people with weak physique should try to reduce going out during snowfall.

On April 3, Lansi Technology Co., Ltd. (Lansi Technology, 300433.SZ) said on the interactive platform of Shenzhen Stock Exchange that the company has already laid out the manufacturing technology of folding protective screens such as UTG and CPI, deeply cooperated with major brands in R&D and production, and has the ability to quickly mass-produce flexible screens and whole modules of various materials of folding screen mobile phones, and has supplied UTG and CPI screens to large domestic customers in batches. The company is the core supplier of exterior parts and structural parts for major customers in North America. Through long-term joint research and development with customers, it can ensure a high market share. At present, we are actively cooperating with customers to verify the folding screen, and the overall progress is smooth, which is ready for mass production of new models.

　　According to Voice of China: Recently, Voice of China continued to report a secondary vocational school in Henan — — There are some problems in Henan Polytechnic School, such as forging student lists to obtain state education funds and renting state assets for illegal profits. In this regard, the staff of the Henan Provincial Department of Finance said that the school had previously had some expenses that were not uniformly registered and accounted for in the accounting books set up according to law, and that the school had been punished for privately storing public funds.

　　The Henan Provincial Department of Education said that it had been investigating and verifying the forgery of the student status list to obtain education funds, but it was unable to provide reporters with the list of students used by the school to apply for per capita funding. In fact, in recent years, the problems of enrollment, charging and management of secondary vocational education are not uncommon. Then, how to supervise the chaos in secondary vocational education?

　　Forged the student list, rented the teaching building, and the funds fell into the private "small treasury"

　　Informed sources told reporters that in recent years, there have been many students who dropped out of school early without completing their studies, and the school information still shows that they are studying at school. Based on this, the school has obtained the education funds allocated by the province.

　　Insider: "But what does it mean that students are still registered as students, and they are still registered as students?" That is, as soon as he registered, he handed it to the Education Department. This is not registered, and then this list was handed over to the Finance Department, and this student was dialed. "

　　The school staff provided the reporter with a list of 118 students who dropped out of two colleges early, and the Voice of China reporter verified them one by one. All the students in this list dropped out of school for different reasons in less than one year. However, most of the students’ information shows that they are still in Henan Polytechnic School.

　　Reporter: "Have you been studying in this Henan Polytechnic School for 16 years?"

　　Lost students: "Yes."

　　Reporter: "So you haven’t been there for a while?"

　　Lost students: "About a year."

　　According to the funding basis of the per-student funding of vocational schools in Henan Province, full-time vocational schools allocate funds strictly according to the number of students’ status, and the subsidies for different majors such as arts and sciences range from 5,000 yuan to 7,000 yuan per person per year. For those students who dropped out of school early, but their school status is still in school, the school theoretically received per capita funding.

　　In addition, many school staff reported that the school’s income from renting state assets including the comprehensive teaching building was not recorded, and the principal set up a "small treasury" privately.

　　The number of forgers and the allocation are still being verified, and the private small treasury is fined 10,000 yuan.

　　In response to this matter, the Voice of China reporter contacted the Henan Provincial Department of Education many times. The relevant staff of the Department of Education responded that the relevant situation has been investigated and verified, but the Department of Education does not have a list of students provided by the school to apply for per capita funding, and the funding is the responsibility of the financial department. The reporter then contacted the Henan Provincial Department of Finance, and the staff of the Department of Finance said that the financial department allocated funds according to the data provided by the education department.

　　Staff of the Finance Department: "We still record the number of students provided by the education department into our budget system, and determine its quota according to the number of students."

　　In addition, the staff of the Henan Provincial Department of Finance said that an administrative penalty of 10,000 yuan had been imposed in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Expert: We should strengthen supervision and improve the funding system and methods.

　　In fact, in recent years, there have been incidents of false enrollment, arbitrary charges, and taking funds from secondary vocational education. In this regard, Wang Jianzhuang, executive dean and chief researcher of Henan Institute of Private Education, said that in addition to the main responsibility of the school, the living environment of secondary vocational schools, the utilitarian consciousness of individual schools and the official standard structure of vocational schools are all factors.

　　Wang Jianzhuang: "Because the competition for students is so fierce, some schools don’t run according to an educational law. Such a school, it tries to get funds through some improper means, and the per capita funding is the main source of funds for their school. Therefore, this will also have problems in system design, and this phenomenon will occur with some loopholes in supervision. "

　　Wang Jianzhuang believes that to completely change this situation, we need the joint efforts of the government, schools and other parties. While improving the quality of managers in secondary vocational schools, we should improve the funding system and methods, establish a mechanism to allocate funds to the extent that graduates serve the society, encourage the growth of high-quality secondary vocational education resources, and realize scientific development.

　　Wang Jianzhuang: "We use it to cultivate students’ other achievements, and its graduates serve the overall evaluation of society to allocate its funds in a planned way. For example, to evaluate a school and a secondary vocational school, there are 300 graduates this year. I will count the employment situation of your graduates through the graduates in the past five years, and I have an indicator of his contribution to the local economic and social development, and then I will give you the funds after this year in proportion, which is better. "

　　Voice of China will continue to pay attention to the progress of the follow-up investigation on this matter.

　　Yang Guang reporter Qian Cheng

On October 29th, China Meteorological Bureau held a press conference in November 2024. At the meeting, Xiong Shaoyuan, member of the party group and deputy director of China Meteorological Bureau, introduced the main progress in the modernization of meteorological social services.

Xiong Shaoyuan, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of China Meteorological Bureau, Zhang Aoguang Photography

In terms of ensuring safety, Xiong Shaoyuan said that China Meteorological Bureau adhered to the principle of putting people first and life first, actively integrated into the national emergency framework, and effectively built the first line of defense for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.

According to reports, in terms of emergency linkage mechanism with meteorological disaster warning as the guide, the progressive meteorological service mechanism has achieved national coverage, and a high-level early warning "calling" system has been established and improved. Since 2023, the cumulative number of party and government leaders at all levels and flood control has reached 580,000.

In terms of meteorological disaster risk early warning capability, the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters was completed in 10 categories, and 45 meteorological disaster risk products were released daily. The accuracy of rainstorm warning signal has been improved to 93%, the early warning time of severe convective weather has reached 43 minutes, and the meteorological warning information can be delivered to the public in 3 to 8 minutes, with a coverage rate of 98.8%. In the past five years, the number of deaths caused by meteorological disasters has decreased by an average of 48.5% compared with that between 2014 and 2018, and the proportion of economic losses to GDP has decreased by an average of 0.15%.

In terms of weather modification ability, in the past five years, 5,547 aircraft operations and more than 227,000 ground operations have been organized, with an average annual increase of over 38 billion tons of precipitation, an area affected by artificial precipitation (snow) reaching 5 million square kilometers, and an area protected by artificial hail suppression reaching 600,000 square kilometers.

In terms of high-quality and efficient development, Xiong Shaoyuan said that China Meteorological Bureau adheres to the "big service concept" and meteorological services cover more than 70 industries in the national economy. Focusing on food security, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued 12 types of agro-meteorological disaster risk warnings. This year, according to the dry-hot wind warning, various localities adopted measures such as "one spray and three defenses" to help winter wheat reduce disasters and increase income by about 3 billion Jin. Focusing on ensuring smooth traffic, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport jointly created a new mode of "one road, three parties" linkage control. The number of traffic accidents caused by bad weather decreased by 50% year-on-year and the operational efficiency increased by 42%. Focusing on helping the development of new quality productivity, 59 meteorological high-value data products were listed on the data exchange. Explore the "meteorology × finance" service, initially build the meteorological service for risk reduction before the disaster, release the first batch of 69 financial meteorological indexes, and establish the financial meteorological index service platform.

(Original title: China Meteorological Bureau: The accuracy of rainstorm warning signal has increased to 93%, and meteorological warning information can be delivered to the public in 3 to 8 minutes)

(Source: Red Star News Author: Hu Yiwen Editor: Guo Manru)

　　Text/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhang Hua correspondent Wu Yuantuan Xu Jianying

　　Why do Chinese medicine practitioners who can keep in good health always make you eat less cold things? Yan Fang, director of the Classic Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believes that if we want to be healthy, we must first protect our own yang, because the warmth of the yang makes our body move normally. The biggest harm of cold things lies in the loss of human yang, which leads to the weakening of human function. After the weakening of human visceral function, it is easy to cause stagnation of qi and blood stasis. Many of our diseases come from these bad habits that damage yang.

　　Habit 1 Eat a lot of fruit every day.

　　Fruit is rich in vitamins and dietary fiber, which is good for skin and body. So many women eat a lot of fruit every day, eat watermelon and cut it in half, and dig it with a spoon; Eating a bunch of grapes is like eating melon seeds.

　　Yan Fang, director of the Classic Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believes that healthy people should eat 250-400g of fruit every day. Western medicine pays attention to the ingredients of fruit, such as "rich in vitamins", but Chinese medicine pays attention to its properties. However, we often ignore the cold or wet weight of fruits, and the storage and transportation are mostly refrigerated. In addition, our Lingnan area has the characteristics of less mountains and more water, and more cold in the middle soil.

　　Modern people, however, are generally cold because of their love of cold drinks, excessive stress and fatigue, abuse of antibiotics, frequent air conditioning and many other factors. This kind of physique, especially for cold and cold fruits, should be cautious and not eat more. Otherwise, excessive cold and dampness will hurt the spleen and stomach, leading to loss of appetite, loose stool, fear of cold and even eczema.

　　Yan Fang suggested that people who are cold and wet should not eat too much fruit. The ancients paid great attention to this point. They didn’t eat fruit on an empty stomach, the infirm didn’t eat fruit, and children and the elderly didn’t dare to give too much fruit to eat. For patients with deficiency cold and particularly greedy mouth, Yan Fang suggested that when eating fruit, a small amount of boiled water should be used for soaking or boiling, which can slightly reduce the coldness. Knowing your physique, choosing the fruit that suits you and tasting it in moderation are the "health tips" for eating fruit.

　　Habit 2 Drink herbal tea at every turn

　　There are few mountains and low terrain in Lingnan area, which shows that "rustic" is thin. The spleen and stomach belong to the soil, which will inevitably affect the function of the spleen and stomach. In addition, the climate here is hot and humid, and everyone thinks that it is necessary to remove more dampness and heat. Herbal tea can clear fire and quench thirst, and it tastes good. There are herbal tea shops all over the street, and the sales are also good.

　　However, eating too much herbal tea that can clear away heat, detoxify and eliminate dampness will further damage the spleen and stomach. The soil is thin and "the soil does not contain fire", so it is naturally easy to "fire" as a disaster!

　　Yan Fang said that repeated fires are mostly caused by deficiency fire, such as dry mouth and bitter taste, red eyes, oral ulcers, swollen gums, sore throat, nosebleeds, dry stools and so on. At the same time, it is accompanied by symptoms such as dull tongue color, pale lips, thin white or slightly greasy tongue coating, light urine color and smell, dry mouth and no desire to drink more, five upset and hot (hands, feet and heart, collectively called five hearts), insomnia and irritability, so the real cure for fire is to regulate the spleen and stomach. If the "rustic" is thick, it will naturally be difficult to get angry!

　　It is not necessary to put out the fire at the sight of the fire, but to get angry and reduce the fire. Drinking too much herbal tea will hurt Zhongyang, and the health will be damaged the day after tomorrow, causing endless harm. The correct way is that herbal tea should be moderate and lead to fire.

　　Habit 3: I have no time during the day and exercise at night.

　　The pace of work and life in the city is fast, and I really don’t have time to exercise during the day. After work, the night is clean, the weather is cool, running and playing ball games, and I feel very sour and refreshing. Plus, there is another reason to eat supper after exercise. Therefore, many people have no time during the day and are used to doing sports at night.

　　Yan Fang believes that improper exercise is better than no exercise. Night exercise calls the human body’s yang, which is contrary to the natural law of "doing at sunrise and resting at sunset", and even affects sleep and rest at night. In addition, supper will hurt the spleen and stomach.

　　Therefore, Yan Fang does not advocate night exercise, and it is the way to keep fit at sunset.

　　Habit 4 Stay up late and make up during the day.

　　At present, young people are under great work pressure and have many recreational activities. Many people are willing to overdraw their physical strength and consume their blood excessively. For example, they always like to stay up late. Others think that if you stay awake at night, you can make up your sleep time the next day.

　　In fact, staying up late is the most harmful to qi and blood. Therefore, people who stay up late usually look haggard and tend to get old. Chinese medicine believes that what is consumed during the day is the yang of the body, and sleeping at night can make the yang get full rest and nourishment. Staying up late for a long time will disturb the balance of yin and yang, qi and blood in the body. Various organs of the body may have different symptoms.

　　Yan Fang believes that the Tao is to preserve one’s health naturally, to do it at sunrise, to rest at sunset, and to stay up late at night is to call the sun be the spirit. Sleeping during the day is to block the yang, and you are not staying up at night, but living.

　　Habit 5 wash your nose with cold water every day

　　Patients with "allergic rhinitis" are very common, and most of them are allergic and have certain heredity. External stimuli, including cold air, pollen, indoor dust, mites, molds, animal hair, dander and poultry feathers, can all lead to nasal itching, continuous sneezing and a lot of clear water-like serous nasal secretions. Each attack lasts for more than one hour and often recurs.

　　Many people are used to washing their noses, thinking that it can clean the bacteria in the nasal cavity, enhance the resistance of the nasal cavity, strengthen the ventilation and drainage of the sinuses, and promote local blood circulation.

　　However, Yan Fang believes that this will consume the body’s yang, reduce the body’s resistance, take the initiative to induce cold pathogens to invade, and lead to recurrent rhinitis.

　　Experts say that washing the nose with cold water does not cure the symptoms, especially cold water washing the nose adds cold to the cold, which encourages cold pathogens to hide in the house, which is not beneficial but harmful. (Watchmaking/Du Hui)

　　"It only takes a few lines of code to build a regression model." Programmers recognize the performance of Google AutoML and think that the model designed by AutoML is comparable to that designed by machine learning experts. A few days ago, Google engineers introduced the Google AutoML project in China and Silicon Valley respectively.

　　Confused doubts followed — — AI evolved again? ! Already self-developed? Can control their own evolution? Is it to get rid of humans?

　　How many steps does evolution take?

　　AI has indeed evolved, and it can do more and more things and achieve remarkable results. Behind it is the "triple jump" of AI implementation path — —

　　Zhao Zhigang, a researcher at the Big Data R&D Department of Jinan Center of National Supercomputing, said: "At first, we used mathematical formulas and ‘ if… … then’ Wait for the statement to tell the computer what to do in the first step and what to do in the second step, teach it by hand, and then give the machine N groups of inputs and outputs. The rules or laws in the middle are learned by itself. "

　　"Before, many smart minds spent their whole lives studying how to extract effective features." Mo Yu, CTO of Smart Point, which focuses on intelligent shopping guide dialogue robots, explained, "The invention of neural network algorithm and the emergence of deep learning technology have made AI evolve to 2.0, and the work of extracting features is carried out by AI itself, and our work has also changed accordingly."

　　It is easy to explain the transition from "1.0" to "2.0" with the model of mathematical function: if the tasks of image recognition, semantic understanding and chess playing are all regarded as different Y=f(X), that is, the input picture, voice or chess move of "cat" is "x", and the output cat, answer and chess move is "y". Before deep learning, people find the formula corresponding to function F through their own analysis and tell it to AI. After deep learning, people input a lot of correspondence between x and y, and AI finds the formula corresponding to function f by itself.

　　"The specific content of the function F found by AI may be better than that found by humans, but humans don’t know it, just like a black box." Mo Yu said, "But the form of F is designed by AI researchers through research. If deep neural network is used, the modules in the network and the organization between modules are also designed in advance."

　　With the maturity and popularization of deep learning technology, there has been a specific pursuable experience in model construction. "The release of various common neural networks has made the threshold for employment lower and lower. Some ordinary model construction and optimization, just graduated students can get started in online learning tutorials. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　When modeling becomes a learnable skill, AutoML appears. What it can do is the model design work of AI researchers. "It will help different companies build artificial intelligence systems, even if they don’t have extensive expertise." Google engineers recommend this. AI successfully evolved to 3.0.

　　In fact, AutoML still replaces the work that human beings can extract experience. "If people described a set of ‘ Road network ’ With the technical assistance of deep learning, the machine can find the optimal path as quickly as possible; Then AI can now design its own road network. " Zhao Zhigang was concise.

　　It can be seen that both deep learning and AutoML only replace the work that some groups of human beings have studied thoroughly. "What machines can do, try not to work by hand" is the life creed of many programmers, which gave birth to AutoML. Based on the same creed, Microsoft developed DeepCoder. "It can be used to generate programs that satisfy given input and output." Mo Yu said, but its performance is not satisfactory at present, and only some simple programs can be written.

　　Who is "God"

　　There is no doubt that the answer is human.

　　Since AI has evolved to a higher level of model design, what changes have taken place in the "hand of God"?

　　"An alchemist", Mo Yu vividly talked about his work in two words. "Smart is a professional intelligent customer service. The work of R&D personnel mainly focuses on problem modeling (how to turn actual problems into problems solved by artificial intelligence technology) and algorithm optimization (how to improve the effect of artificial intelligence algorithms)."

　　"refining" means constant debugging and improvement. "For a specific person, the more you throw your temper, the better. The more accurate the answer, the better." Mo Yu said, "Our X is the customer’s question, Y is the reply of the robot customer service, and the middle function F needs training."

　　This is not an easy task. If we divide the experience of human society into three categories: definite rules with formulas, knowledge that can be expressed in words, and feelings that can only be understood but cannot be expressed. The last category is the most difficult to ponder.

　　"Therefore, we try to build a perfect closed-loop feedback, understand the preferences of specific users, and finally achieve what they like through the expression of emotions and interests." Mo Yu said, "At present, it is in the stage of man-machine collaboration, but the acquisition of more and more samples will help our intelligent customer service to give accurate and pleasing answers."

　　It can be seen that not all fields are suitable for AI’s self-development. For example, in the aspect of problem modeling, how to abstract practical problems into machine learning problems can not be completed by AI. In the stage of AI2.0, R&D personnel also need to design the form of function F manually.

　　So, what will be the future of AutoML popularization?

　　"Humans are liberated from lower-level jobs." Zhao Zhigang said, "If the model design can be done by AI, then AI researchers will explore more the design of the basic modules that make up the model."

　　"Developing AI models with AutoML is similar to children playing with ‘ Lego ’ Toys. " Zhao Zhigang put it in simple terms, and the designers of Lego disassembled the whole world into detailed modules, so that everything could be used and then combined into complex models. The higher level of human work is to find basic units, that is, modules, for AI in different fields. For example, in the field of image recognition, humans have designed various modules such as convolution and pooling. "AutoML can build a model based on this, and constantly adjust the module combination to obtain a more reasonable output. The finer the module, the more versatile it can be, and the more self-developed AI can be used. " Zhao Zhigang said.

　　Extended reading

　　 Where are the talents needed by the industry?

　　Alleviating the shortage of talents is the main selling point of AutoML. "AI systems are blooming everywhere, but AI talents are far behind." Google explains why AutoML is indispensable. What is the current status of AI talents?

　　In 2017, the Global AI Talent Report and the BAT Artificial Intelligence Talent Development Report were released one after another. "The shortage of AI talents is real." Xu Wenjuan, vice president of Shengshi Investment Group, said, "The shortage of talents in start-up and development enterprises is particularly serious. From the current global perspective, the United States has the largest number of AI talents, and China’s AI talents can’t be compared with it in terms of number of people and experience. "

　　Zhao Zhigang has the same feeling: "China’s AI field is short of veterans, experts, generalists and top masters." The optimization and debugging of the model requires experience, the exquisite design of the model requires superb skills, and the application of AI in various industries requires compound talents. In addition, there are only a handful of top talents leading the development direction of AI, and most of them are abroad.

　　Xu Wenjuan introduced that China has the most AI talents in BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent). Generally, there are several kinds of background experiences of such talents, such as returnees, BAT work experience, or from universities or research institutes.

　　"AI self-development should not be able to replace people’s work in the short term, and there is still a long way to go." Xu Wenjuan said. Zhao Zhigang analyzed from an academic point of view: "Only when human beings design AI models in different application fields and further decompose them into a series of general modules, such as the periodic table of elements in chemistry, DNA and RNA in biology, can this self-development have more applications."

　　Cctv newsOn December 25th, snow or sleet occurred in central and southern Shaanxi, southwestern Shanxi, Henan, western Shandong, western Hubei and other places, with the cumulative precipitation of 1-5 mm and local area of 6-10 mm in central Shaanxi.

　　Affected by cold air, this morning, the temperature dropped by 6 ~ 8℃ in eastern and southern Qinghai, eastern Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, northwestern Shanxi, central Inner Mongolia, southeastern Heilongjiang and central and eastern Jilin, with a local drop of 10 ~ 12℃. It is estimated that in the next three days, the temperature will drop by 4~6℃ in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the western part of North China and the eastern part of Southwest China, and the local temperature drop can reach more than 8℃. There are 4~5 winds and gusts of 6~8 in some areas mentioned above.

　　It is expected that there will be a rainy and snowy weather process in the southern region from the night of today to the 29th. There will be small to medium snow or sleet in eastern Tibet, northern Yunnan, western Sichuan Plateau, southeastern Chongqing, Guizhou, western Hunan, western Hubei, southern Anhui, northwestern Zhejiang and other places, heavy snow in central and eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, and freezing rain in western Guizhou. There are light rains in Sichuan Basin, south-central Yunnan, southern Hunan, most of Jiangxi, most of Zhejiang, northern Fujian, Guangxi and northern Guangdong, and local rains; The main precipitation period is from 27th to 28th.

　　In addition, there will be light snow in eastern Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and northern Jilin tomorrow and tomorrow.

　　Meteorologists reminded that there are still strong winds and cool weather in the northern region affected by cold air activities, and the public needs to take protective and warm measures; There will be rain and snow in many places in the south, and public travel needs to guard against the adverse effects of slippery roads and reduced visibility.