The credit card and savings card in hand can be put together to fight the landlord. However, nowadays, whether we surf the internet for passionate shopping, transfer money online, pay back credit cards, swipe the code by subway or scan the code in convenience stores, we basically rely on mobile phones. After all, mobile phones are the cyber ontology of urban workers. Every urban migrant worker who holds a large number of credit cards has suffered from insomnia, dreaminess and hair loss for a few days at the end of the month, because credit card repayment bills are pouring in, but you can never remember the repayment time. In order to reduce the burden on the life of urban workers, many mobile payment platforms have emerged in recent years, but the use process is still full of twists and turns. For example, the repayment fee of credit cards is getting more and more expensive, the bank card number needs to be photographed or manually entered, the management steps of multiple bank cards are numerous, and various preferential activities are scattered everywhere. I don’t know whether it is convenient for the life of urban workers or worse.

　　Adhering to the core idea of bold doubt and careful verification, some media recently experienced the "unified mobile payment app for banking"-China Unionpay Quick Pass. After a short operation, it was found that it really provided a lot of convenience for our daily life in terms of bank card management and consumer payment. We have three core requirements for a mobile payment software! Safe, convenient and preferential. Let’s start with the most important security. China Unionpay Quick Pass APP is a mobile payment product jointly built by China UnionPay, various commercial banks and industrial parties, with 430 million users. China Unionpay Quick Pass APP, which has the status of the national payment team, has a very high security guarantee for user accounts. Secondly, it is the most troublesome convenience. China Unionpay Quick Pass APP systematically integrates the product functions according to the pain points of users in mobile payment. In the process of evaluation and use, we found that it has the following special advantages: 1. One-click card binding, cross-bank and cross-category management of 30 cards; 2. Credit card repayment of 0 handling fee, support for automatic check of hundreds of bank bills; 3. Cross-bank transfer of 0 handling fee, no need to withdraw cash when arriving at the card in real time; 4. Check the balance of multiple savings cards with one click, and the assets are clear at a glance.

　　One APP can handle all bank cards.

　　What is the first step to access the fast cyber mobile life? Of course, it is bound to a bank card. At present, the most common way to bind the card is to manually enter the card number or take a photo of the bank card for system identification, but both of them need to be stuck with you. If there is an emergency, such as the money in the binding card is not enough, it is often difficult to add a new card to the mobile wallet. People in other places can’t let friends break my door, rummage through everything to find out the bank card and send it to me by express. China Unionpay Quick Pass APP has added a more convenient one-button card binding function to the first two card binding methods. Even if you don’t have a bank card at hand, it doesn’t matter. You can bind the card directly through your identity information. Enter the "one-click card binding" interface, click the bank card opening bank, and after authorization, you can directly see my bank card, and you can complete the card binding through SMS verification of the reserved mobile phone number of the bank. After the binding is successful, our cards are properly arranged in the digital card bag.

　　At present, China Unionpay Quick Pass APP supports one-click card binding operation of more than 100 banks, and an account can manage 30 cards across banks and categories.

　　Credit card repayment fee is 0, which supports automatic checking of hundreds of bank bills.

　　Every month, I have to charge a handling fee when I pay back my credit card on the third-party mobile payment platform. The moment I click the repayment button, it makes my poor wallet worse. After the credit card is bound to China Unionpay Quick Pass, the detailed repayment time and amount of the credit card held can be seen at a glance, and it also supports the automatic inquiry of bills of hundreds of banks to remind the repayment date, so as to avoid the influence of insufficient repayment on credit investigation. Once the credit card is overdue, it is really a very troublesome thing. My precious and sparse hair is finally only used for work. Touching people! China Unionpay Quick Pass paid back the credit card with a handling fee of 0, whether it was 2,000 yuan or 10,000 yuan, it was 0! Handling fee! There are even rare repayment concessions through third-party channels. For example, a newcomer can get a 10 yuan repayment coupon directly by tying a card.

　　Recently, on the WeChat applet of UnionPay Welfare Society, you can also withdraw credit card repayment vouchers of up to 4,999 yuan, which can be drawn once a day! What can I say? What if I were that koi fish?

　　There is 0 handling fee for inter-bank transfer, and there is no need to withdraw cash when you arrive at the card in real time.

　　In addition to credit card repayment, another pain is bank card transfer. For example, I pay the rent to my landlord every quarter, and I use the card of China Merchants Bank, and the landlord asks me to transfer the money to his card of China Bank. Every time I transfer a fee, I feel that I have lost a huge sum of money. Experiencing China Unionpay Quick Pass APP, I was pleasantly surprised to find that using it to transfer money across banks is actually zero handling fee, and we can still leave a lot of money a year without a handling fee. Moreover, in the transfer interface, you will be automatically prompted for the balance of your bank card to avoid the embarrassing situation that there is not enough money in the card.

　　In addition, China Unionpay Quick Pass APP can realize the real-time receipt of funds, and there is no time lag, so it will be more reassuring to use it when you need to allocate funds quickly.

　　China Unionpay Quick Pass has the function of making an appointment for transfer, and you can customize the frequency, date, termination time and remark name of regular transfer, so as to make regular transfer planning. Appointment transfer is very practical for some fixed expenses, such as paying rent, car loan, mortgage loan, etc., and you are not afraid to forget the overdue.

　　Migrant workers always have their own little pleasures in life. For example, tea time and his colleagues buy a milk tea together, and go for a drink and watch a performance or play a script on weekends. When organizing personnel to collect money after AA, China Unionpay Quick Pass collection code is adopted, and everyone transfers money to the card in real time, so it is convenient and quick to collect funds without withdrawing cash.

　　Query the balance of multiple savings cards with one click.

　　I don’t know if you have this experience. When you use some payment software to transfer money or pay, you suddenly forget how much money you have in your bank card. At this time, you have to try several times to transfer money to a card. Although each bank’s APP supports checking the balance of its own bank card, the next pile of bank apps also takes up a lot of mobile phone space, and the frequency of use is not so high. China Unionpay Quick Pass’s more convenient function is that he can check his balance on each bank card with one click after tying the card. You can see all your cards on the "Card Management" page, and then click the corresponding bank card to check the balance in this card. In addition, on this page, you can also view the balance of each card and various information by swiping left and right.

　　In this way, centralized management is very convenient and clear at a glance, which is very suitable for people like me who have multiple bank cards and credit cards. You only need one China Unionpay Quick Pass APP to manage bank cards digitally anytime, anywhere, and you don’t have to jump repeatedly on each APP.

　　Small coup to save money by spending more concessions.

　　In addition to credit card and bank card management, China Unionpay Quick Pass APP also covers a wide range of consumption scenarios. After testing, we found that many merchants can choose to use China Unionpay Quick Pass and Taobao when they scan the code for payment on WeChat, and they can also use it when they pay for shopping. In addition, I would like to talk about three functions of China Unionpay Quick Pass, which are closely related to daily life-public transportation, living payment and electronic medical insurance. There are "trips" in the four diamond positions where China Unionpay Quick Pass opens the interface, and buses, subways, bicycles, online car rides and even drivers can be directly used in China Unionpay Quick Pass. In Beijing and China Unionpay Quick Pass, there are U Hui tickets and cards to grab every week. For example, the "7-day U-ticket for the subway" has a 30% discount for ten times within one week after purchase, limited to two times a day, which basically covers my commuting time. Simply calculate an account, each one-way commuter subway ticket costs 7 yuan, and after a 30% discount, it will be 4.9 yuan, so I can save 84 yuan on commuting every month. It’s really flattering to save two movie tickets if you’re not careful.

　　It is understood that China Unionpay Quick Pass APP covers all online and offline consumption scenarios, and goes deep into the fields of transportation, retail, catering, cultural tourism, education, medical care, public payment and people’s livelihood. It has been connected to mainstream e-commerce and social platforms, and social transfer of online shopping is very convenient.

　　China Unionpay Quick Pass is a relatively convenient choice for people who have more credit cards and bank cards or want to save a little in their daily consumption.

　　At present, the penetration rate of mobile payment is gradually increasing, and the industry structure is relatively stable. Looking at the capabilities of various third-party mobile payment applications, it is close to homogenization. China Unionpay Quick Pass, who entered the company in 2017, took product innovation around user scenarios as the core breakthrough, and provided a systematic management scheme for user bank card management and payment with the help of China UnionPay’s profound technical skills and unique advantages, which made our credit card repayment and bank card transfer easier and more efficient.

Topic: picture channel

　　

　　Jonathan Evans, the head of MI5, sent a secret letter to 300 business executives. (AFP information pictures, without authorization, may not be reproduced! )

　　Xinhua newsThe British Times website published an article on December 1st, and MI5 issued a warning about "cyber espionage in China". The following is the original text.

　　　　The British government has publicly accused China of spying on key sectors of the British economy, including illegally hacking into the computer systems of big banks and financial services companies.

　　　　Jonathan Evans, the head of MI5 (British Security Service), sent a secret letter to 300 general managers and security directors of banks, accounting firms and law firms, warning that they had been violated by "China state institutions". It is believed that this is the first time that the government directly accused China of being suspected of cyber espionage. Jonathan Evans’s blunt warning may have serious diplomatic consequences and cast a shadow over Gordon Brown’s first official visit to China as prime minister early next year.

　　　　This newspaper has obtained a copy of the summary of this warning letter, which the government posted on a secure website. According to the summary, Evans wrote to the heads of British business circles to remind them of electronic espionage attacks.

　　　　The British media has been hyping up China cyber hackers recently. The Financial Times reported the so-called "China hacker attack on the US Department of Defense", saying that the United States called the increasing hacking attack in China "Titan Rain"; The British "Guardian" said on the front page that China hackers attacked the computer networks of important departments of the British government, and also quoted experts as saying that similar attacks had been "at least four years"; The British "Daily Telegraph" even speculated without foundation that hackers connected with China’s military "infiltrated the computer networks of various departments of the British government".

　　　　Jin Canrong, a professor at the School of International Studies at Renmin University of China, analyzed the background of the British media’s hype, saying that the hype about hacking in China, like the so-called environmental problems and food safety problems in China, is a manifestation of concern about the development of China.

　　　　The abstract posted on the website of the National Infrastructure Protection Center said: "The main content of this letter is as follows: The director of MI5 is worried that the electronic attacks supported by China’s state agencies will cause damage to British enterprises, and that the purpose of these attacks is to defeat the best implementation of IT security systems."

　　　　The website also said: "This letter acknowledges that there are sufficient economic and commercial reasons for doing business with China, but it is also necessary to control risks."

　　　　Only institutions belonging to key infrastructure in the UK (including telecommunications companies, banks and hydropower companies) can access the website of the National Infrastructure Protection Center. The document warned that British companies doing business in China were targeted by China’s army, which used the Internet to steal confidential business information.

　　　　Last night, the Ministry of the Interior refused to comment on what it said was the leak of secret communication. A spokesman for China’s embassy in London said that he was not aware of these allegations and that the embassy had not received any complaints from Britain.

　　　　Martin Jordan, one of the chief consultants of KPMG, read this letter. He said: "If Chinese knows that a British company wants to buy assets such as companies or land in China, they will try their best to find out all kinds of details, such as how much the British company intends to spend to buy this asset."

　　　　It is understood that a large European engineering company and an oil company have been under the surveillance of China and leaked recently. A source familiar with MI5′ s warning letter said that the known attacks were not limited to large companies located in the business district of London. He said that in the business district of London, only a small number of law firms and other companies whose businesses are related to China have also been detected by China.

　　　　A security expert who read the letter said, "The technologies used by China’s intelligence agencies include’ customized Trojans’, which can sneak into a company’s network and feed back confidential data. The letter from MI 5 includes a series of known "marks" that can be used to identify the Trojan horse in China, as well as the known websites used to launch attacks. "　

　　　　A large-scale study released this week warned that the computer systems of the British government and military are under constant attack from China and other countries. Earlier, the US Congress received a report that China’s espionage activities were extremely widespread in the United States, which was "the biggest threat to the technical security of the United States".

　　　　Ian Brown of Oxford University, one of the authors of the report, said that these attacks, which date back to China, tried to crack the code of Whitehall. According to the report, China is the most active country in Internet espionage, but 120 other countries are also using the same technology.

　　　　According to the National Infrastructure Protection Center, cyber attacks pose a great threat to Britain.

　　Trojan horse has entered the computer door.

　　　　The guiding principle of anti-espionage work is that when your "enemies" become more advanced, you must be one step ahead of them, especially when faced with electronic threats.

　　　　Chinese and Russians are now very good at breaking into other people’s computer networks, so MI5 has to issue warnings to various government departments and defense enterprises, asking them to take extra precautions to protect the most confidential information.

　　　　Jonathan Evans, who served as the director of MI5 in April this year, told his men that although anti-terrorism was still his top priority, he could not forget the threat posed by espionage, especially by China and Russia. In his first public speech last month, he mentioned the spy attacks carried out by China and Russia.

　　　　At present, it is difficult to find out the exact source of these attacks, and technicians from MI5 and government communications headquarters can often trace them to the Far East. These attacks usually focus on individuals who deal with confidential business or economic information at work.

More news:

The United States spends billions of dollars to develop the next generation of spy satellites.

British MI 5 falsely accused China of supporting "hackers and spies"

British spy recruitment director: 007 makes too many fools want to join.

For the first time, MI5 allowed employees to talk openly about their spy lives.

The International Spy Museum attracts people to glimpse the historical evolution of agents.

British MI 5 set up a special mailbox to openly recruit "China spies"

Editor: Li Xiuwei

　　[car home original test drive] In early July, my leader suddenly asked me if you had ever driven a sports car. I said I drive it every day … He added, something high-end. "Maserati GranTurismo, Lamborghini Huracan, McLaren 650S…… …" "OK, you can go to this activity!" So at the end of July, I came to Tuscany and met this aston martin DB11 in front of me.

　　As an automobile manufacturer with a history of more than 100 years, aston martin officially launched a brand-new centennial plan this year, and the DB11 is the first model launched in this centennial plan. In the next seven years, aston martin will launch a new car every year, which is actually rare among similar manufacturers.

　　First of all, I would like to tell you something about aston martin DB11 (hereinafter referred to as DB11). Its positioning is GT sports car, and the models that can directly form a competitive relationship in terms of price include Ferrari California T, Bentley Continental, Maserati GranTurismo and GranCabrio. In addition, DB11 is also the successor of DB9. DB10 is only a prop car in the movie Ghost Party, and it was not mass-produced, so a number jumped off the model name. Compared with competitors, the advantage of DB11 is that it is the latest model and uses a 12-cylinder twin-turbo engine.

● Appearance: Aesthetic modeling and elegant aerodynamic design.

　　　Aston martin has always been committed to the ultimate aesthetic design of vehicles, and this DB11 is no exception. The whole car uses a lot of elements of the golden ratio. The front of the car occupies 1/3 of the length of the whole car body, and the side window glass and the roof occupy 1/3 of the side of the car body.

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of DB11 are 4739mm×1950mm×1279mm, respectively, and the wheelbase is 2805mm. In the category of GT sports car, its body shape is relatively symmetrical. Compared with GranTurismo, Continental and California T, except for the lowest body height, all other data are sandwiched in the middle, which is not very extreme.

　　As early as March this year, DB11 was officially unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show, and my colleagues also wrote a more detailed article on its static part, so this paper only makes some technical supplements on the basis of it, so I won’t repeat the repeated parts. Friends who want to review the static part of DB11 can click on the link to read it.

　　In addition to achieving the ultimate in aesthetics, DB11 has also greatly improved its aerodynamic design compared with its predecessor DB9. A total of four slender holes are opened on the engine cover, and spoilers are arranged on the left and right air guide holes to optimize the aerodynamic effect. Under the air outlet spoiler on the side of the car body, a convex design named curlique by the manufacturer is also used. This word literally translates to "flower decoration", while aston martin officials call it "flower aerodynamics". This design is also designed to quickly guide the airflow in the wheel arch from the side, thus improving the downforce of the front part.

Brief Introduction of 『DB11 Aerodynamic Highlights Design

　　The aerodynamics of DB11 behind the C-pillar is even more exciting. Firstly, air inlets are designed on both sides. We have actually seen similar designs on BMW i8 and other models. However, the difference is that DB11 will guide the airflow into an air duct hidden in the car body and finally discharge it upward from the rear end of the trunk. This airflow and the airflow coming down from the roof to the rear of the vehicle will meet at the rear of the vehicle, thus forming a strong downforce. This aerodynamic designer named it aeroblade-wind blade. And according to the manufacturer’s calculation, its effect can be equivalent to adding a half-meter-high spoiler at the rear of the car, but obviously the simple and rude scheme of the latter will destroy the beauty of the car body to some extent. Therefore, the designers in aston martin have opened their minds and developed the aerodynamic design that DB11 presents to us today.

"『DB11 Exhaust Sound Show"

　　Exhaust sound is the soul of a sports car, and how to adjust the exhaust system is particularly important. Although the visual effect of DB11 is sharper and more aggressive than that of its predecessor DB9, its exhaust sound is not very manic, which is in line with the image of a gentleman. However, the deep and vigorous features of the 5.2-liter V12 engine are still preserved. Although the sound made by DB11 won’t make passengers in the car or pedestrians on the street bored, you can still hear that it is definitely a tough character, just like James Bond.

　　Finally, it is worth mentioning that the rims of DB11 are all 20 inches in size, with front wheel width of 9j, rear wheel 11j, front wheel tyre size 255/40 R20 and rear wheel 295/35 R20. The turbofan-shaped rim is officially named "directional hub", which means that these four rims are actually different, and the orientation of the rim style will change after the left and right are reversed.

● Interior: Create the ultimate luxury atmosphere.

　　Aston martin is also trying to make the luxury atmosphere to the extreme when he comes into the car. In the interior part, there are more than 200 suppliers making various parts for DB11. The flowing stitching treatment on the seat is not only beautiful, but also reveals a little futuristic feeling. The leather decoration treatment of "Brock" in the center of the seat and on the armrest box not only reveals the British people’s admiration for traditional crafts, but also proves the exquisite skills of car builders by hand.

　　The instrument panel is a 12-inch full LCD color screen, but a metal ring is placed in the center to divide the screen into three areas. In the past, the mechanical pointer instrument panel commonly used on aston martin models was cancelled on DB11. The counter-clockwise tachometer once made many people feel a little unaccustomed, but it is also one of the unique designs in aston martin. Although the brand-new all-liquid crystal instrument panel has more cool visual effects and richer functions, it is really difficult to define which one is better.

　　The approximately rectangular steering wheel is also one of the traditions in aston martin, and the left and right are symmetrically equipped with a set of multifunctional buttons and knobs. The workmanship of the steering wheel is impeccable, but the rectangular style needs to be adapted. The top button on the left side of the steering wheel can adjust the suspension damping, and the corresponding right side can adjust the power output. These two kinds of setting mediation will not be linked with each other, and each has three modes to choose from: GT (Comfort), Sport and Sport+.

"Experience and Introduction of 『DB11 Interior Parts"

　　On this DB11, we also saw many achievements after the cooperation between aston martin and Daimler. It completely abandoned the multimedia entertainment system that was common on aston martin models in the past, and replaced it with a brand-new system with almost no difference from the operation mode of Mercedes-Benz COMAND system. The usability and functionality are significantly improved compared with previous models, and consumers who are familiar with Mercedes-Benz models can get started quickly.

　　The seat wrapped in leather is impeccable in both texture and padding. As a GT sports car, it is a basic requirement to be able to drive comfortably for a long distance. Like the traditional aston martin models, the electric adjustment buttons are arranged on the decorative boards on the inner sides of the two front seats. Although this design is not common, it is much more convenient to use than most models that need to reach out to the side of the seats and operate blindly.

"『DB11 shows in and out of the back row"

　　In fact, we can see from the body size of DB11 that it is not large in the same class, so its rear seat space will also be subject to this. It is almost impossible for adult men to sit comfortably in the back row, let alone enter and exit gracefully. Therefore, the setting of husband and wife sitting in the front row and children sitting in the back row is more in line with its spatial performance.

● Power system: brand-new V12 turbine engine +8AT gearbox.

　　DB11 is equipped with a brand-new V12 twin-turbo engine with a displacement of 5.2L, a maximum power of 608 HP /6500rpm and a peak torque of 700 Nm /1500-5000rpm. In fact, from the book data, the adjustment of this engine is still reserved. As a sports car that does not advocate extreme performance, this setting can be understood. Matching the engine is an 8-speed automatic manual transmission from ZF, and the official acceleration time of 0-100km/h is 3.9 seconds.

● Driving experience: it can meet your various needs.

　　Whenever I come into contact with a sports car for the first time, I will carefully test their temper first. After all, these guys who can explode 600-700 Nm at any time are quite a headache once they get stubborn. Fortunately, however, DB11 is not as cold as its appearance. When the power setting is in GT mode, it is very approachable, and I am flattered that it doesn’t even have a shelf.

　　In GT mode, the response after stepping on the accelerator pedal will become very lazy, and the whole car seems to have just woken up and has no spirit. The rotation speed is usually not more than 2000rpm, and when cruising at high speed, this engine with active cylinder closing technology will put half of the cylinders into a "dormant" state, and when the sensor detects that the temperature of the six dormant cylinders is somewhat low, the working cylinders will be switched. At this time, the speed is usually only a little over 1000.

　　However, the throttle response is not positive and the power "meat" is completely two concepts. After all, this engine can enter the peak torque platform at 1500 rpm, so if you step on the throttle more, the speed of DB11 will be relatively light with the increase of the speed. Even if you want the floor oil to surpass the car in GT mode, it can meet your needs, but whether it is downshifting or throttle response, it will be a little slow, and the process from cruising to acceleration will not be very neat.

　　In fact, at present, many powerful models will equip vehicles with such a "comfortable" mode, the purpose of which is nothing more than to enable drivers to establish some basic understanding with the vehicles, and it can also be understood as a novice mode. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that the dynamic response of the whole vehicle in this state is actually a little boring. Fortunately, this state can be released immediately when the right thumb presses the button on the steering wheel and enters the sports mode.

　　In almost all the performance cars I have tested before, this mode between comfort and extreme sports is usually the most suitable for road driving, because everything is adjusted just right: although the throttle response is sensitive, it is never neurotic; The upshift logic of the gearbox is also within the acceptable range, and the speed will not be controlled very high, which will lead to the obvious dragging feeling of the vehicle with the speed drop when the throttle is released; The same is true for this DB11. In sports mode, the power output of the vehicle will be more harmonious with the driver.

　　In the most radical sports+mode, the real strength of this V12 engine will be fully revealed without reservation. When switching to this mode, the exhaust valve will be fully opened. No matter which speed range, you can feel the obvious difference. First, tell everyone audibly, "I am ready for full horsepower at all times."

　　At this time, the response of the accelerator pedal will become extremely sensitive, and any movement of the right foot will be intuitively reflected in the tachometer and power output, and the gearbox will maintain the engine speed above 3000rpm, thus ensuring that it is always in the peak torque output stage. In this test drive, I basically drive this DB11 on narrow country roads and mountain roads, plus vehicles are driving in formation. Under this road condition, the power of the V12 engine is actually a little surplus, so it is completely unnecessary to use the sports+mode. At this time, DB11 is more suitable for playing on unlimited speed highways or racetracks.

　　DB11 is built with a brand-new platform, instead of the VH platform used by all departments in aston martin. The chassis is equipped with front double wishbone and rear multi-link independent suspension, and has an adaptive vibration reduction system named "Skyhook". The suspension damping can also be adjusted manually according to requirements.

　　Compared with the power output, the three kinds of damping adjustment of suspension are much easier to understand. The popular points are nothing more than the softest mode, the harder mode and the uncomfortable mode. The difference between the three modes is obvious, which is much better than its predecessor model DB9, which has only two kinds of adjustable damping and is hard in sense, and there is not much difference.

　　GT mode, as its name implies, is the most suitable mode for travel. The shock absorber can absorb all kinds of road bumps to a great extent and maintain a strong chassis integrity. Unlike some models equipped with air suspension, the chassis will be a little loose in comfort mode, and the four wheels seem to fall off at any time. I think GL8 is the softest suspension among the models currently in production. If I give it a score of 10 for comfort, I am willing to give it a score of 7 for DB11 in GT mode. After all, this is a sports car, and even the GT suspension can’t be adjusted as soft as MPV.

　　In sports mode, the suspension will be much harder than GT mode, and the road information will be transmitted to the driver more directly through the chassis, steering wheel and seat. When the road conditions are good, adjusting the suspension and power to the sports mode can get the most comfortable driving experience, and I think the pleasure of driving a sports car can be felt to the greatest extent in this state.

　　As for the sport+mode, it is the other extreme, and the ride comfort is almost completely sacrificed, thus gaining maximum maneuverability. The mountain road is very well matched with the sports+mode, and the tough suspension can suppress almost all the roll; In this mode, the steering ratio of the steering wheel will become larger, and the feedback will become heavier. With the appropriate power output mode, the driving experience at this time can be described as hearty. It’s just … if you don’t pay attention to the potholes on the road, you will feel obvious impact in the car. Therefore, the motion+mode in suspension setting puts high demands on the road. If the road condition is not very good, don’t try it, you will make a vibrato when you talk.

"『DB11 Road Test Drive Experience"

　　This time, I also recorded some driving videos briefly. Due to the limited contact time with vehicles, I didn’t arrange sentences to talk about driving feelings with the videos. I’m really sorry … Let’s watch the fun.

● Summary:

　　It’s actually quite interesting that aston martin chose Italy as the test drive place for DB11, knowing that Ferrari, Lamborghini and Maserati were all born in this country. Brainstorming a long list of pictures of big sports cars from Britain driving in Italy, although it is cool, it is inevitably reminiscent of a little provocation. But it may not matter. As a GT sports car, the DB11 was originally used for traveling.

　　Back to the product level, DB11 has beautiful appearance, extremely luxurious interior, strong power, very elegant aerodynamic design, rich configuration and mode adjustment that can meet the needs of drivers at all levels … It is almost impeccable. Although the guiding price of 3.259 million yuan is a little far away for many consumers, it is still worth the money. After all, it is difficult to find a 12-cylinder sports car in this price range. Although Bentley’s Continental GT is also a 12-cylinder engine, the starting price is 3.68 million, which is still more expensive than DB11. Ferrari’s GTC4Lusso will cost 5.38 million yuan, which is completely another level.

　　In fact, it seems a bit redundant to analyze whether a sports car, especially a supercar, is worth buying. First of all, my consumption power is not up to this level, so it is difficult to imagine the consumption concept of these people. In addition, a sports car is originally a commodity with no "cost performance", perhaps it is an eye-catching, perhaps it is sentimental, or it may be paying attention to the unique charm of the brand … These inexplicable reasons are just like a beautiful encounter that suddenly appeared but was memorable, which makes people intoxicated. (Text/Figure car home Peng Chuwen)

Related videos:

　　Finally, we have the honor to invite Uncle 40,000 (Xu Qun), a senior in the automotive media industry, to share with you this DB11 in his eyes.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

CCTV News:Yesterday (4th), Shanghai held a press conference on epidemic prevention and control, saying that at present, Shanghai CDC has basically completed the epidemiological investigation and gene sequencing of a confirmed case of a foreign cargo plane service worker in the freight area of Shanghai Pudong Airport discovered on the 2nd. The results of gene sequencing showed that Covid-19 infected by this case in Shanghai belonged to Delta mutant, which had high homology with Delta mutant abroad.

Wu Huanyu, Deputy Director of Shanghai CDC:The results of gene sequencing showed that COVID-19 infected by this case belonged to Delta mutant, which was not related to the genome of many local cases in China recently, but had high homology with Delta mutant abroad. According to the comprehensive judgment and analysis of the expert group, it is considered that the infection source of the confirmed case can focus on the infection caused by exposure to the environment polluted by the imported virus.

Shanghai: All the 68,517 screened subjects were negative in nucleic acid test results.

Yesterday (4th), the reporter learned from the press conference on epidemic prevention and control in Shanghai that a newly confirmed case of COVID-19 in Shanghai on August 2nd was of ordinary type, and now it is being treated in isolation in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, and the condition is stable. As of 14: 00 on August 4, 67 close contacts in Shanghai and 377 close contacts in Shanghai have been investigated. In Shanghai, 68,517 screening subjects, the results of nucleic acid test were all negative, and 585 items and environmental samples in relevant places were investigated, and the test results were all negative. In the next step, Shanghai will continue to adhere to the overall prevention and control strategy of "external defense input and internal defense rebound", pay close attention to key points and joints such as "entrance to the city, employment posts and school gates", and strengthen the closed-loop management of the whole chain of epidemic prevention and control.

Original Mitchella and other intelligence clubs

introduction

Although the big language model shows a similar understanding ability to human beings, can the AI system really understand the language like human beings? Must the pattern of machine understanding be the same as that of human understanding? Recently, kracauer, former director of the Santa Fe Institute, and melani Michel, a researcher, published an article in PNAS to explore whether large-scale pre-training language models (LLMs) can understand languages and their coded physical and social situations in a similar way to humans.

This paper discusses the pros and cons respectively, and further discusses the key issues of broader intelligent science. In the author’s opinion, further expanding the interdisciplinary research between artificial intelligence and natural science is expected to broaden the perspective of multi-discipline, summarize the advantages and boundaries of different methods, and meet the challenge of the integration of cross-cognitive concepts.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, large language model, mental model

Melanie Mitchell A, David C. Krakauera | Author

Fan Siyu and Zhang Ji | Translator

Liang Jin | Editor

Title of the article:

The debate over understanding in AI’s large language models

Article address:

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2215907120

What is "understanding"? This problem has long attracted the attention of philosophers, cognitive scientists and educators. The classical research on "understanding" is almost always based on human beings and other animals. However, with the rise of large-scale artificial intelligence systems, especially large-scale language models, there has been a heated discussion in the AI community: can machines understand natural languages now, so as to understand the physical and social situations described by languages?

This discussion is not limited to the category of natural science; The degree and way that machines understand our world determines to what extent we can trust the robust and transparent behavior ability of AI in the task of interacting with human beings, including AI driving cars, AI diagnosing diseases, AI caring for the elderly, AI educating children and so on. At the same time, the current discussion shows the key problem for an intelligent system to "understand": how to distinguish statistical correlation and causal mechanism?

Although the AI system shows seemingly intelligent behavior in many specific tasks, until recently, the artificial intelligence research community still generally believed that machines could not understand the data they processed like humans. For example, face recognition software does not understand that the face is a part of the body, the role of facial expressions in social interaction, what it means to "face" unpleasant situations, or the ways and means of making faces. Similarly, speech-to-text and machine translation programs do not understand the language they handle, and the automatic driving system does not understand the micro-expressions and body language of drivers and pedestrians when avoiding accidents. Therefore, these AI systems are often regarded as fragile, and the key evidence of lack of "understanding" is that they are unpredictable errors and lack of robustness in generalization ability [1].

Does the big language model really understand language?

However, in the past few years, the situation has changed. A new type of AI system has been popular in the research field and has had an impact, which has changed some people’s prospects and views on machine understanding languages. These systems are called large language models (LLMs), large pre-training models or basic models [2]. They are deep neural networks with billions to trillions of parameters (weights), which are "pre-trained" on a huge natural language corpus of several terabytes, including a large number of network snapshots, online books and other contents. During training, the task of these networks is to predict the hidden part of the input sentence. This method is called "self-supervised learning". The final network is a complex statistical model of the correlation between words and phrases in its training data.

These models can be used to generate natural language, fine-tune specific language tasks [3], or further train to better match the "user’s intention" [4]. For example, LLMs such as OpenAI’s famous GPT-3[5], more recently ChatGPT[6] and Google’s PaLM[7] can produce amazing human-like texts and dialogues; In addition, although these models are not trained for the purpose of reasoning, some studies think that they have human-like reasoning ability [8]. How LLMs accomplished these feats is a mystery to ordinary people and scientists. Most of the internal operation modes of these networks are opaque, and even the researchers who built them have only a little intuitive feeling about such a huge-scale system. Neuroscientist Terrence Sejnowski described the appearance of LLM in this way: "Singularity arrival, like whispers, came one after another, speaking four dialects. The only thing we know is that LLMs are not human beings … Some of their behaviors seem to be intelligent, but if they are not human intelligence, what is it? " [9]

Although the most advanced LLMs are impressive, they are still prone to vulnerabilities and mistakes that are not like human beings. However, such network defects are significantly improved when the number of parameters and the scale of training data set are enlarged [10], so some researchers think that LLMs (or its multimodal version) will realize human-level intelligence and understanding ability under a sufficiently large network and training data set, and a new slogan of AI appears: "Scale is everything" [11, 12].

The above proposition is a school of AI academic circles in LLMs discussion. Some people think that these networks really understand language and can reason in a universal way (although "not yet" up to human level). For example, Google’s LaMDA system constructs a fluent dialogue system by pre-training the text and then fine-tuning the dialogue [13], and an AI researcher even thinks that such a system "has the ability to truly understand a large number of concepts" [14] and even "moves in a conscious direction" [15]. Another machine language expert regards LLMs as the touchstone leading to general human level AI: "Some optimistic researchers believe that we have witnessed the birth of a knowledge injection system with a certain universal intelligence" [16]. Others believe that LLMs probably captures important aspects of meaning, and its working mode is similar to a striking explanation of human cognition, that is, meaning comes from conceptual roles. ”[17]。 Opponents were labeled as "AI Denialism" [18].

On the other hand, some people think that although the output of large-scale pre-training models such as GPT-3 or LaMDA is fluent, they still can’t understand because they have no world experience or thinking mode; The text prediction training of LLMs only learned the form of language, not the meaning [19-21]. A recent article holds that "even if we train until the universe dies, the systems trained only by language will never approach human intelligence, and these systems are doomed to have only superficial understanding and will never approach the comprehensiveness of our thinking" [22]. Some scholars believe that it is wrong to apply the concepts of "intelligence", "agent" and "understanding" to LLMs, because LLMs is more similar to libraries or encyclopedias, and it is packaging human knowledge repositories instead of agents [23]. For example, humans know that tickling makes us laugh because we have bodies. LLMs can use the word "tickle", but it has obviously never felt this way. Understanding tickling is not a mapping between two words, but a mapping between words and feelings.

Those who hold the position of "LLMs can’t really understand" think that what surprises us is not the fluency of LLMs itself, but the fact that the fluency is beyond intuition with the growth of model scale. Anyone who attributes understanding or consciousness to LLMs is a victim of the Eliza effect [24]. "Eliza effect" means that we humans tend to attribute our understanding and agency ability to machines with even faint signs of human language or behavior. It is named after the chat robot "Eliza" developed by Joseph Weizenbaum in the 1960s. Although it is very simple, it still deceives people into believing that it understands them [25].

A survey of active scholars in the field of natural language processing in 2022 also confirmed the differences of views in this discussion. One of the contents of the survey is to ask the respondents whether they agree with the following statement about whether LLMs understands language in principle: "Some generative models (language models) that are only trained on text can understand natural language in some extraordinary sense given sufficient data and computing resources." The answers of 480 people were almost half (51%) to half (49%) [26].

Supporters’ evidence that LLMs has understanding ability is mainly based on the performance of model ability: both the subjective quality judgment of the text generated by the model according to the prompt words (although this judgment may be easily influenced by Eliza effect) and the objective evaluation in the benchmark data set used to evaluate the language understanding and reasoning ability. For example, two commonly used benchmark data sets for evaluating LLMs are General Language Understanding Assessment (GLUE)[27] and its successor SuperGLUE[28], which include large-scale data sets and tasks, such as "Text Implication" (given two sentences, can the meaning of the second sentence be inferred from the first sentence? Do the given words have the same meaning in two different sentences? ) and logical answers, etc. OpenAI’s GPT-3 (with 175 billion parameters) performs unexpectedly well in these tasks [5], while Google’s PaLM (with 540 billion parameters) performs better in these tasks [7], which can reach or even surpass human performance in the same task.

Does machine understanding have to reproduce human understanding?

What are the implications of these results for LLMs? From the choice of terms such as generalized language understanding, natural language reasoning, reading comprehension and common sense reasoning, it is not difficult to see that the test of the above benchmark data set implies the premise that the machine must reproduce the way of human understanding. But is this necessary for "understanding"? Not necessarily. Take the benchmark evaluation of "reasoning and understanding task" as an example [29], in each task example, a natural language "argument" and two declarative sentences will be given; The task is to determine which statement is consistent with the argument, as shown in the following example:

Argument: criminals should have the right to vote. A person who stole a car at the age of 17 should not be deprived of the right to become a full citizen for life.

Inference A: Stealing a car is a felony.

Inference B: Stealing a car is not a felony.

BERT achieved a performance similar to that of human beings in this benchmark task [31]. Perhaps we can draw the conclusion that BERT can understand natural language like human beings. However, a research team found that some clue words (such as "not") appearing in inference sentences can help the model predict the correct answer. When researchers change data sets to avoid these clues, BERT’s performance becomes no different from random guessing. This is an obvious example of relying on shortcut learning-a phenomenon that is often mentioned in machine learning, that is, the learning system obtains good performance on a specific benchmark task by analyzing the pseudo-correlation in the data set, rather than through humanlike understanding [32-35].

Usually, this correlation is not obvious to humans who perform the same task. Although shortcut learning has been found in the task of evaluating language understanding and other artificial intelligence models, there may still be many undiscovered "shortcuts". Pre-training language models, such as LaMDA and PaLM of Google, which have hundreds of billions of parameters and train on nearly trillions of text data, have strong ability to encode data correlation. Therefore, the benchmark task used to evaluate human understanding ability may not be applicable to this kind of model evaluation [36-38]. For large-scale LLMs (and its possible derivative models), the complex statistical correlation calculation can make the model bypass the human-like understanding ability and obtain a nearly perfect model performance.

Although there is no strict definition of the word "human-like understanding", it is not based on the huge statistical model that LLMs has learned at present. On the contrary, it is based on concepts-the internal mental model of external categories, situations and events, as well as the internal mental model of human beings’ own internal state and "self". For human beings, understanding language (and other nonverbal information) depends on mastering concepts other than language (or other information) expression, and is not limited to understanding the statistical properties of language symbols. In fact, in the past research history in the field of cognitive science, we have always emphasized the understanding of the essence of concepts and how understanding comes from concepts that are clear and hierarchical and contain potential causality. This understanding model helps human beings abstract past knowledge and experience to make steady prediction, generalization and analogy; Or conduct combinatorial reasoning and counterfactual reasoning; Or actively intervene in the real world to test hypotheses; Or explain what you understand to others.

Undoubtedly, although some LLMs with larger and larger scale sporadically show similar human understanding ability, the current artificial intelligence system does not have these abilities, including the most advanced LLMs. Some people think that this kind of understanding ability can give human beings the ability that pure statistical models can’t get. Although the large-scale model shows extraordinary formal linguistic competence, that is, the ability to produce grammatical fluency and human-like language, it still lacks human-like functional language competence based on conceptual understanding, that is, the ability to correctly understand and use language in the real world. Interestingly, there is a similar phenomenon in physics research, that is, the contradiction between the successful application of mathematical techniques and this functional understanding ability. For example, a long-standing controversy about quantum mechanics is that it provides an effective calculation method without conceptual understanding.

Understanding the essence of concepts has always been one of the topics of academic debate. To what extent the concept is domain-specific and innate, rather than more universal and learned [55-60], or to what extent the concept is based on concrete metaphor and presented in the brain through dynamic and situation-based simulation [64], or under what conditions the concept is supported by language [65-67], social learning [68-70] and culture [

Despite the above arguments, concepts-which exist in the form of causal mental models as mentioned above-have always been regarded as the understanding unit of human cognitive ability. Undoubtedly, looking at the development track of human understanding ability, whether it is individual understanding or collective understanding, it can be abstracted as a highly compressed model based on causality, similar to Ptolemy’s theory of planetary revolution, Kepler’s theory of elliptical orbit, and Newton’s concise and causal explanation of planetary motion according to gravity. Different from machines, human beings seem to have a strong internal drive to pursue this form of understanding in scientific research and daily life. We can describe this kind of motivation as requiring little data, minimal model, clear causal dependence and strong mechanical intuition.

The debate about LLMs’ comprehension ability mainly focuses on the following aspects:

1) Is the understanding ability of these model systems just a kind of error? (that is, the connection between language symbols is confused with the connection between symbols and physical, social or mental experiences). In short, will these model systems never gain human-like understanding?

Or, conversely, 2) Will these model systems (or their recent derivative models) really create a large number of concept-based mental models that are essential for human understanding without real-world experience? If so, will increasing the scale of the model create a better concept?

Or, 3) if these model systems can’t create such concepts, can their unimaginable huge statistical correlation systems produce the ability equivalent to human understanding? Or, does this mean that a new form of higher-order logical ability that humans can’t reach is possible? From this point of view, is it still appropriate to call this correlation "pseudo-correlation" or question the phenomenon of "shortcut learning"? Is it feasible to regard the behavior of the model system as a series of emerging and non-human understanding activities, rather than "no understanding ability"? These problems are no longer limited to abstract philosophical discussion, but involve the very realistic concerns about the ability, robustness, security and ethics brought about by the increasingly important role played by artificial intelligence systems in human daily life.

Although various schools of researchers have their own opinions on the debate on "LLMs comprehension ability", the cognitive science-based methods currently used to gain understanding insight are not enough to answer such questions about LLMs. In fact, some researchers have applied psychological tests to LLMs, which were originally used to evaluate human understanding and reasoning mechanisms. It is found that LLMs does show human-like reactions in theory of mind tests [14, 75] and human-like abilities and preferences in reasoning evaluation [76–78] in some cases. Although this kind of test is considered as an alternative test to evaluate human universal ability, it may not be the case for artificial intelligence model systems.

A new understanding ability

As mentioned earlier, LLMs has an unexplained ability to learn the correlation between information symbols in training data and input, and can use this correlation to solve problems. In contrast, humans seem to have applied compressed concepts that reflect their real-world experiences. When psychological tests designed for human beings are applied to LLMs, the interpretation results often depend on the assumptions of human cognition, which may not be correct at all for the model. In order to make progress, scientists need to design new benchmark tasks and research methods to deeply understand different types of intelligence and understanding mechanisms, including the new form of "exotic, mind-like entities" that we have created [79]. Perhaps we are on the right path to explore the essence of "understanding" [80, 81].

With the increasing discussion about LLMs’ understanding ability and the emergence of more capable model systems, it seems that it is necessary to strengthen the research on intelligent science in the future in order to understand the concept of human and machine more widely. As the neuroscientist Terrence Sejnowski pointed out, "The differences among experts on LLMs intelligence show that our traditional concept based on natural intelligence is not sufficient. [9] "If LLMs and other models successfully make use of strong statistical correlation, it may also be considered as a new" understanding "ability, which can realize extraordinary and superhuman prediction ability. For example, DeepMind’s AlphaZero and AlphaFold model systems [82, 83] seem to bring an intuitive form of "alien" to the fields of chess and protein’s structure prediction [84, 85] respectively.

Therefore, it can be said that in recent years, machines with emerging understanding modes have appeared in the field of artificial intelligence, which may be a new species in a larger zoo of related concepts. With the research progress made in the process of pursuing the essence of intelligence, these new understanding modes will emerge continuously. Just as different species adapt to different environments, our intelligent system will be better adapted to different problems. Problems that rely on a lot of historical encoded knowledge (emphasizing model performance) will continue to favor large-scale statistical models, such as LLMs, while those that rely on limited knowledge and strong causal mechanism will prefer human intelligence. The challenge in the future is to develop new research methods to reveal the understanding mechanism of different forms of intelligence in detail, distinguish their advantages and limitations, and learn how to integrate these different cognitive models.

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Original title: "Santa Fe Scholars: Does the AI ? ? big language model really understand human language? 》

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● 　Key points of investment

China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration. China highway logistics freight volume accounts for 80% of the total freight volume, which is the main artery of China economy. However, the efficiency of the industry is not high. China’s trucks have an average effective mileage of 300 kilometers per day, while the United States can reach 1000 kilometers. There are more than 20 million trucks in China, and the empty rate is as high as 40% or more. The average interval between vehicle parking and distribution is about 72 hours. There are more than 7.5 million highway logistics enterprises in China, and each household only has 1.5 trucks, and more than 90% of them are in the hands of individual drivers. The crux of the current resource mismatch lies in the asymmetry of freight logistics information.

China Car-Goods Matching Market: Two Operating Models Coexist. Information asymmetry has given birth to the demand for matching between cars and goods. In the past, the traditional vehicle-cargo matching platform was mainly offline entities, including distribution stations, highway ports and logistics parks. At present, with the intervention of Internet, a virtual vehicle-cargo matching platform has been formed. By using the Internet, offline vehicle sources and goods sources are integrated through the development of logistics APP, WEB or other systems, and information is released online through APP, web or other systems and accurately matched, hoping to solve the asymmetry of logistics information.

Enlightenment from the development of American freight logistics industry. Truck transportation in the United States is extremely developed and is the main mode of transportation in the United States. Among them, truck transportation market scale exceeded US$ 600 billion, accounting for about 80% of the total. Developed infrastructure and high degree of intensification are the two main reasons for its high efficiency. The revelation of Robinson’s case is that the ability to integrate information and resources is the core. It does not own a truck, but it is the first truck transportation company in the United States, which basically monopolizes most of the road transportation resources in the United States and ranks seventh in global freight transportation.

Future Outlook: The Ultimate Version of Car-Goods Matching? Highway ports are built to eliminate them. In the past year, more than 200 car and cargo matching apps have been produced, but there have been few successes. There are three bottlenecks: 1. It is difficult to standardize supply and demand information; 2. Lack of integrity certification system; 3. Vehicles tend to have a stable supply of goods, and shippers prefer a stable transportation capacity, which makes it difficult for existing software to get involved in the mainstream market. We believe that the highway logistics industry will have offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks for a long time, and they have the strongest ability to gather traffic and people in scattered industries. They have the strongest resources and ability to integrate and innovate, and the ultimate mode of their development is to eliminate intermediary matchmakers.

Investment strategy. We suggest paying attention to the distribution and integration of logistics park resources in the country to form the Chuanhua shares of highway port network. For details of Chuanhua shares, please refer to our in-depth report "Chuanhua Logistics-China Highway Integrators Reloaded into Battle" on July 3 this year.

Risk warning. The economic downturn has led to a decline in freight demand; The offline matching platform is invested too much; The promotion of value-added services failed to meet expectations.

● 　The following is the text of the report.

catalogue

1. China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration …-3-

1.1. Current situation of highway logistics industry: Highway is the main form of goods flow, but its efficiency is low …-3-

1.2. Information asymmetry is the crux, and there is a huge demand for matching cars and goods …-4-

Second, the matching market of vehicles and goods in China: two major operating modes coexist …-5-

2.1. Two camps gave birth to two business models …-5-

2.2. Comparison of Typical Case Studies …-5-

Iii. International Experience: Enlightenment from the Development of Freight Logistics in the United States …-11-

3.1. Overview of American road freight industry: Truck transportation is the main mode of transportation …-11-

3.2, no car is better than a car, the inspiration of Robinson’s case: the ability to integrate information and resources is the core …

Fourth, the future outlook: the ultimate version of car and cargo matching? … – 15 –

4.1 What are the pain points of car-cargo matching? … – 15 –

4.2 What mode does road freight need? … – 16 –

4.3 Investment strategy …-16-

Risk warning …-17-

1、China highway logistics industry: the economic artery in urgent need of resource integration

Modern logistics industry is the basic industry and producer service industry of national economic development, which is connected with production and consumption at one end. Since 2007, the scale of domestic social logistics market has shown a steady linear growth. In 2013, the total logistics cost was 10 trillion, and in 2014 it exceeded 11 trillion. At present, the proportion of China’s logistics cost to price cost and GDP is much higher than that of developed countries. In 2013, the ratio of China’s total social logistics cost to GDP was 18%, which dropped to 16.6% in 2014, while it was only about 8% in western countries. The overall capacity of China’s logistics industry is obviously insufficient.

1.1. Current situation of highway logistics industry: Highway is the main form of goods flow, but its efficiency is low.

At present, the freight volume of highway logistics in China accounts for 80% of the total freight volume. Therefore, the reason why the overall logistics capacity of China is weak is the low efficiency of highway logistics capacity. At present, China’s trucks have an average effective mileage of 300 kilometers per day, while the United States can reach 1000 kilometers. There are more than 20 million trucks in China, and the empty rate is as high as 40% or more. The average interval between vehicle parking and distribution is about 72 hours. Among them, a lot of time is wasted on waiting for goods and distributing goods, which causes great waste of resources and inefficient tail gas emission, which intensifies air pollution; At the same time, it also increases the management pressure of expressways and urban roads.

1.2. Information asymmetry is the crux of the problem, and the demand for vehicle and cargo matching is huge.

Due to the small scale and large number of road freight operators, according to statistics, there are more than 7.5 million road logistics enterprises in China, and each household only has 1.5 trucks on average; However, its operation is basically in a state of "straggle", and the level of industry organization is very low. More than 90% of the transportation capacity is in the hands of individual drivers, and the industry concentration is only about 1.2%. We believe that the crux of the current situation of resource mismatch and inefficiency lies in the asymmetry of freight logistics information.

In the current freight logistics service chain, the individual car owners are at the end. Due to the low participation threshold of employees, oversupply and low organizational level, the game of these individual vehicles in freight transactions is very passive. Unless there are some structural reasons such as special time periods, special routes or special vehicle needs, the source and pricing power of most individual vehicles are often in the hands of shippers. In view of this, the vehicle-cargo matching market came into being. Under the current transportation market pattern of "more vehicles and less goods", its value lies in optimizing the resource allocation of goods and drivers in the downstream of the supply chain by virtue of the platform’s information integration ability, providing transportation capacity to shippers, providing goods to car owners and ensuring a certain freight rate, reducing the empty rate of vehicles, improving the efficiency of drivers in finding goods, and further reducing transportation costs. The high idle driving cost of truck drivers also makes the driver have a strong demand for the vehicle-cargo matching platform.

Schematic diagram of road freight service chain in China

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

2. China’s car and goods matching market: two major operating modes coexist.

In fact, the vehicle-cargo matching platform is de-intermediated through the online platform. Internet technology and information technology are used to improve the information retrieval ability and matching efficiency, reduce drivers’ waiting time and empty driving distance, de-intermediate and improve the full load rate. Vehicle-cargo matching platform mainly uses the advantages of "internet plus", integrates off-line vehicle sources and goods sources through the development of logistics APP, WEB or other systems, and publishes information online through APP, web or other systems and accurately matches it, thus solving the asymmetry of logistics information.

2.1, two camps gave birth to two business models.

At present, there are two main models for the online and offline differentiation of the car and goods matching market:

Offline+Online mode: Offline is laid out nationwide, service nodes are established, local transportation resources are integrated, and a controllable transportation resource network is established to form a "transportation pool", on the basis of which vehicle and cargo matching services are provided online. The core of this mode is to integrate the vehicle and cargo resources, ensure the truthfulness, effectiveness and uniform service rules of the vehicle source information on the vehicle and cargo matching platform, and carry out vehicle and cargo matching on this basis.

Representatives: Chuanhua Logistics, Ka Xing Tian Xia, Anneng Logistics, Robinson Logistics of the United States.

Pure platform mode: The earliest pure platform mode was a short and simple freight information publishing website (such as Jincheng Logistics Network and National Logistics Information Network), and then it developed into an information transmission, matching and trading platform with software as the core, connecting the online and offline, connecting the consignor and the transportation capacity, and becoming a car-free carrier.

Representatives: oTMS, Driver’s Station, Yunmanman, Luoji Logistics.

2.2. Comparison of typical case studies

Chuanhua Logistics: Online Platform+Offline Highway Port Mode

Chuanhua Logistics is actually a form of the fourth party logistics (4PL), which belongs to the online platform+offline highway port mode from the online and offline classification. Chuanhua Logistics entered the logistics industry in an all-round way from the modern logistics base in 2002, innovatively developed the "highway port" logistics platform, and established the closed-loop logistics ecology of O2O. In fact, the mode of uploading logistics is the fourth-party logistics mode, which realizes the integration of capital flow, information flow and logistics through the combination of online and offline. Offline, Chuanhua Logistics has established a national "highway port" logistics model, forming a national highway port network with 100 outlets in four major hubs. At present, it has occupied the card position advantage in key transportation hubs, and has rapidly expanded through the self-built and extended model. Online, Chuanhua has developed an Internet logistics platform with "Easy Distribution", "Barter Di" and "Yunbao Net" as its core. Through Chuanhua logistics portal+mobile phone distribution APP+ O2O truck calling platform in the same city, the freight problem between highway trunk lines and the city in the last mile has been solved. At present, Chuanhua Logistics has a revenue of over 10 billion yuan and is an invisible giant of China highway logistics.

Schematic diagram of online platform+offline highway port mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, Chuanhua Logistics has formed two major business segments: highway port investment operation and supporting services and O2O logistics network platform services. In the future, when the platform of Chuanhua Logistics grows to a certain scale (the main indicators are the number of active members and the total transaction amount), more profit models will be generated. Generally speaking, the main profit sources of Chuanhua Logistics in the future can be divided into: infrastructure rental income of highway ports, commission income of various logistics transactions, membership service income and financial services based on traffic and big data. Among them, the aforementioned fourth income will constitute the main profit model under the future logistics big data economy, such as personalized insurance group purchase income based on driver membership and behavior data, and logistics scale intensive income based on the whole network supply transaction.

Schematic diagram of profit model of Chuanhua Logistics

Source: official website, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Card line in the world: online portal+offline joining mode

The operation mode of Card Bank is divided into two parts: offline transportation network and online portal network construction. Offline, by first establishing a regional center for goods collection and distribution, and at the same time, through the network radiation ability of this center, we will establish franchise outlets outside the park by joining to attract high-quality special line members, and finally build a nationwide logistics and transportation network. On the online side, through the construction of the portal website, we can provide a unified information system for the franchised enterprises, realize the tracking statistics, assessment and evaluation of the franchised enterprises, make the whole process of transportation services visible online, make the service settlement completed by platform members more convenient, improve the customer experience of delivery, and make the whole logistics chain run in a standardized way.

In terms of profit model, the Bank of China makes profits by charging initial fees, management fees and providing value-added services. The card bank charges a certain joining fee to the joining members. After the members join the card bank, the card bank charges management fees and system usage fees for 1% of the new business volume of the members. The profit of value-added services in the supply chain is mainly the insurance of centralized procurement and the financial services provided, including the cost of intensive distribution operation of the park platform.

Schematic diagram of online portal+offline joining mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Anneng Logistics: Online Portal+Main Line Self-operated+Joining Mode

The mode adopted by Anneng Logistics is the mode of self-operated trunk line and regional joining: the national distribution and trunk feeder buses are directly invested by the headquarters to ensure the operational stability and sustainability of the whole system to the greatest extent. By establishing the franchise mode of terminal outlets through online portal, franchisees can apply for joining on the website, thus avoiding the investment in building national outlets, concentrating on customer service in their own regions, and minimizing the risk of individual LTL express joining entrepreneurs. At the same time, customers can directly order delivery, waybill inquiry, order inquiry, order management and other services through the portal.

Schematic diagram of online portal+offline self-operation+joining mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, Anneng Logistics has established more than 130 distribution centers nationwide, with 8,000 staff and 5,000 outlets, serving 31 provinces and cities nationwide, planning more than 2,000 transportation routes and controlling more than 4,000 box trucks. It is estimated that by the end of 2015, Anneng Logistics will have more than 10,000 nationwide network points and 157 distribution centers, achieving the annual target turnover of 2.4 billion yuan and becoming the largest LTL logistics enterprise in China.

In terms of profit model, Anneng Logistics makes profits by collecting venue rent, joining fees and providing value-added services. On the one hand, by constantly eliminating unqualified networks and attracting new franchise outlets, and maintaining the gradual improvement of the quality and quantity of outlets, Anneng can provide brand support and certain source information for franchisees, and make a profit by charging franchisees a certain franchise fee. On the other hand, as the core product of Anneng Logistics, "Timing Arrival" provides customers with "safe, punctual, service and economical" road transportation services, with the service quality comparable to that of aviation and express delivery, and the price is only one third; At the same time, Anneng provides customers with services such as to pay the freight, receipt recovery, quotation claim settlement, etc., and makes profits by charging a certain value-added service fee.

OTMS: Community Platform Model

OTMS is a community-based transportation management system, which seamlessly connects the owner, the third-party logistics company, the transportation company, the driver and the final consignee from the top of the transportation chain, pays attention to the whole chain of transportation management, and forms a balanced and win-win online ecosystem based on the core process, which is equivalent to an online mirror image of its offline actual operation network. This online ecosystem will be an open community based on the credit system (real data). All community members can better manage their existing businesses and have the opportunity to find better resources or more new businesses. OTMS will not be involved in the actual operation, such as being a fourth party logistics company (4PL), and oTMS is just a community platform based on core software.

At present, there are 130 consignors in oTMS, and the consignors connect drivers through "Where are you" and "Kaka". Logistics companies use oTMS products to manage transportation orders, and the monthly orders are about one million.

Schematic diagram of community platform mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, oTMS has a Saas service platform with the main version of goods, a Saas service platform with the carrier version, an APP "Kaka" used by truck drivers, and an APP "Where is it" for the consignee to monitor logistics information. The transparent information management platform of the whole process formed by the combination of PC-side service platform and mobile APP brings all relevant parties, including consignors, logistics companies, transport carriers, drivers and consignees, into a business network, realizing the unification of tools.

In terms of profit model, oTMS currently focuses on selling Saas service systems and system maintenance services, and will get involved in the logistics finance industry in the future. In the B2B logistics and transportation industry, China still has a lot of room for growth, and B2B logistics and transportation also involves the cash flow of delivery enterprises, receiving enterprises and logistics companies. The accounting period of transportation companies is about 60 days to 120 days. How to participate in it and integrate this cash flow with financial institutions is the focus of oTMS’s future development.

Yun Man Man: Mobile phone logistics information matching platform model

Yun Man Man is a mobile phone online logistics information matching platform based on mobile Internet technology, which is dedicated to providing efficient vehicle management and distribution tools for road transport logistics industry, and providing comprehensive information and transaction services for vehicle finding (distribution) and vehicle finding (consignment). Its service targets cover all types of goods and vehicles, meet the needs of logistics companies, information departments and small and medium-sized enterprises for long-distance road vehicle transportation, and at the same time improve the distribution efficiency of car owners and reduce the empty return rate; Improve the efficiency of cargo owners in finding cars and improve the operational efficiency of the overall logistics industry.

At present, Yunmanman has branches and offices in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Fujian and other provinces, and plans to open more information on vehicle sources and goods sources and lay out the national road transport information network, so as to promote the road transport industry in China to enter an era of mobile Internet with high efficiency and low altitude.

Schematic diagram of mobile phone logistics information matching platform mode

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Through the "Yun Man Man" mobile APP, the owner can publish the information of goods supply and price comparison, and at the same time, he can also find the source of the car himself. With the permission of the driver, the driver can be located and managed to quickly understand the supply dynamics. The owner can search for the source of goods independently, compare the sources of goods, and contact the owner directly by telephone after finding satisfactory information. Car owners can also take the initiative to release empty car information and wait for the owner to come to the door. And logistics companies can also publish the information of goods supply and their own logistics lines, find the goods supply while knowing the freight price of vehicles in time, and further expand the online goods collection business.

At present, Yunman is not profitable. After building the whole ecosystem and attracting enough user traffic, Yunman can collect enough information, establish a credit system through big data, further improve payment and financial value-added services, and make profits through capital precipitation and value-added services.

Luoji Logistics: Online Logistics Information Matching Platform Model

The Luoji logistics platform is similar to the mode of "Yun Man Man", and it is also an online logistics information matching platform. It uses data mining technology, search matching technology and mobile Internet of Things technology to provide drivers and shippers with free information on the source of goods and vehicles, and carries out multi-dimensional matching between goods and car owners, in addition to distance matching based on geographical location, there are also multi-dimensional matching such as route, time and load capacity. Luoji logistics platform realizes de-intermediation through the mobile Internet, which reduces logistics costs, the empty rate of trucks and improves the overall logistics efficiency. With the more registered users of platform owners and cargo owners, the success rate of vehicle-cargo matching will be higher and higher. By the end of 2015, the number of users on the Luoji platform will reach 4 million, including 3 million drivers and 1 million shippers.

Luoji logistics platform can solve the two problems of truck drivers and suppliers: first, quickly and effectively integrate the supply and capacity, and reduce the owner’s empty driving rate; The second is to make the freight market more orderly and smarter. At present, Luoji Logistics APP is divided into four versions: Luoji Looking for Goods (Driver Edition), Luoji Looking for Cars (Shipper Edition) and Luoji City (Delivery/Driver End).

Schematic diagram of Logitech logistics information matching platform model

Data source: Internet information, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

Logitech has launched two different softwares for shippers and car owners, "Logitech Find Cars" and "Logitech Find Goods". The truck driver opens the "Luo Ji Looking for Goods" and clicks the "List of Goods" to see the geographical location, goods type, weight, delivery time and vehicle demand of the goods, and the owner will dock the consignor as required. The barter between Luoji City and Chuanhua Logistics is similar, which mainly solves the transportation demand of the last kilometer and the first kilometer in the same city.

Similar to Yun Man Man, Logitech is not profitable at present, and its main task is to promote users. After the platform is formed, it collects huge data to realize its traffic value. For example, there can be derivative insurance services, refueling services, auto repair services, etc. on the platform, which are all potential value-added spaces. On the other hand, Luoji will consider further extending its business to the financial leasing of vehicles and supply chain finance of logistics companies.

3. International experience: Enlightenment from the development of American freight logistics industry.

3.1. Overview of American road freight industry: Truck transportation is the main mode of transportation.

Truck transportation in the United States is extremely developed and is the main mode of transportation in the United States. In 2011, transportation market scale in the United States was about 770 billion US dollars, of which truck transportation market scale exceeded 600 billion US dollars, accounting for about 80%. The volume of transportation and the value of goods delivered account for 70% of the total. The turnover of goods is second only to railway transportation, with an average annual growth rate of 2.5%, which is much higher than the overall growth rate of 0.8%, making it the fastest-growing sector.

The trucking market accounts for about 80% of transportation market scale.

Source: DOT, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

At present, there are nearly 100,000 transportation enterprises in the United States with more than 1.3 million employees, of which more than 90% have fewer than 20 employees, and there are only more than 600 transportation enterprises with a scale of more than 500 employees, accounting for less than 1%. The fleet size is generally small, and more than 50% of the transportation enterprises are Owner-Operator, that is, there is only one truck, and only 6.3% of the enterprises have more than 100 trucks. This is similar to the main business situation of China freight market at present.

Number of employees in American transportation enterprises

Fleet size of American transportation enterprises

Source: US Department of Commerce (DOC), Industrial Securities Research Institute.

American trucking carriers are divided into non-public carriers and public carriers. Non-public carrier (In-Housefleet) means that production and retail enterprises own transport vehicles and operate them to meet their own transport needs, and generally do not provide transport services to the outside world. PublicCarriers are engaged in commercial transportation, and for the purpose of making profits, they are entrusted by the owner to provide transportation services and get paid.

American trucking market participants

Source: Industrial Securities Research Institute

According to the mode of transportation, public carriers can be divided into vehicle transport enterprises, LTL transport enterprises and road freight forwarders. The first two are truck companies based on heavy asset fleets, represented by YRCW and FedexFreight; The other is the road freight forwarder represented by Robinson Global Logistics. Many individual carriers provide transportation services for customers through the sales end of road freight forwarders or by joining large truck companies.

It can be seen that the developed infrastructure and high degree of intensification are the two major reasons for the high efficiency of highway logistics in the United States.

3.2, no car is better than a car, the inspiration of Robinson case: the ability to integrate information and resources is the core.

Robinson Logistics, founded in 1905, is the largest fourth party logistics company in the United States. The company is the representative of American car-free carriers. It doesn’t own trucks, but serves large shippers through the integration of many small and medium-sized fleets. Relying on value-oriented value-added services, exquisite business operations and advanced information systems, it has integrated 63,000 carriers and 46,000 shippers. In 2014, its operating income reached 13.471 billion US dollars, of which 80% came from road freight. At present, Robinson Logistics has become the first truck transportation company in the United States, basically monopolizing most of the road transportation resources in the United States, ranking seventh in global freight transportation; There are more than 218 branches in the world, of which the United States accounts for 158.

Robinson car-free transport mode

Source: Industrial Securities Research Institute

Robinson takes a completely light asset route. Instead of investing money in buying trucks and building logistics real estate, Robinson invests capital in the field of information technology, establishes TMS and Navisphere information platforms, and controls the transportation capacity through the information platform and remotely signs a cooperative enterprise logistics warehouse. By setting up technology-led outlets and branches offline, the online information platform will be connected with the needs and information of customers in offline areas. As a light asset enterprise, its human expenditure has also been greatly reduced. In 2014, Robinson only had 11,000 employees. Debon Logistics in China has more than 30,000 employees.

Robinson’s light asset operation mode and mature management mode make it have strong growth. Since the company went public in 1997, the average annual growth rate of main business income is 12.6%, while the average annual growth rate of net profit reaches 17.8%. In most years, the company’s net profit growth rate is higher than the income growth rate, and the company’s performance has the potential for sustained growth. Therefore, the development of the company does not need to be based on asset expansion, but by integrating local transportation resources, exporting technology and management, and opening up new customer markets, it will bring profits and long-term growth to the company.

The compound growth rate of the company’s net profit is higher than the income growth rate.

Source: Bloomberg, Industrial Securities Research Institute.

As the world’s largest fourth-party logistics company, Robinson’s revenue mainly comes from providing transportation and logistics services to suppliers, consulting services and payment services to customers. Robinson builds his value-added service system, such as supply chain analysis, transportation optimization, carrier management, big data services and business intelligence, and meets the needs of shippers and carriers through these high value-added solutions. Robinson does not charge the franchisees on the platform the joining fee, but charges the corresponding service fee through the solutions for different customers.

4. Future Outlook: The Ultimate Version of Car-Goods Matching?

4.1 What are the pain points of car-cargo matching?

The large-scale success of taxi-hailing software has made various funds intensively lay out the platform for car-cargo matching in the logistics industry, hoping to create a "drip taxi version of freight". According to incomplete statistics, more than 200 car-cargo matching APP taxi-hailing applications have been produced in one year, but there are few successful cases. Most car-cargo matching software has been criticized for relying on subsidies, untrue freight information and complicated transaction processes. Judging from the current situation, the reasons for the slow development of vehicle-cargo matching software are as follows:

1. Supply and demand information is difficult to standardize.

The information of the supply and demand sides in the taxi industry is very standard: cars are all cars with similar shapes, and the demand is the displacement of people, so it is very easy for the supply and demand sides to meet each other through the Internet.

However, when it comes to freight, the situation is much more complicated. Cars are different in length, load and power, and goods are also different in size and physical and chemical properties, which makes online matching much more complicated. Even if the information can be roughly matched, some personalized needs must be met and discussed (an interesting case: a consignor has a batch of fresh fruits to be transported, and a truck with the required load and size is found through the car-goods matching app, so that the driver can drive the car to the designated place. As a result, the consignor immediately cancels the intention because the truck has just been transported. Therefore, we see that many apps now only stay in the step of publishing information, and it is difficult to reach a trading intention without meeting.

2. Lack of integrity certification system

Road freight is a mixed market, and the general quality of employees is not high. It is difficult for many vehicle-cargo matching platforms to grasp the capital flow of freight transactions, because the proportion of logistics freight to the value of goods is still relatively low, and people are more accustomed to the traditional mode of paying with one hand and delivering with one hand.

3. Vehicles tend to have a stable supply of goods, and shippers prefer a stable transportation capacity, which makes it difficult for existing software to get involved in the mainstream market.

The capacity of individual trucks of about 14 million in China has seriously exceeded the demand for relatively scarce goods. At present, the trend of highway logistics is that vehicles tend to cooperate for a long time to ensure their high operating costs, so more and more individual vehicles are linked to the fleet; Shippers also tend to find long-term transportation capacity to ensure the stability of their logistics operation. And this long-term cooperative relationship has been established slowly, so the car-goods matching software has actually intervened in a relatively marginal market. Because of this, we will see more false information on the software, because the scarce real demand has already been spontaneously matched offline.

4.2 What mode does road freight need?

At the beginning of the report, we mentioned that the reason for the low efficiency of road freight transportation is information asymmetry. Therefore, the ideal state is that the waste of resources is zero: as soon as the goods leave the factory, there is a truck waiting at the door; And the truck will never be empty or stop for nothing, it will always go from A to B to C to D …, and it will be fully loaded in the process. In this ideal state, there will be no intermediary matchmaker and resources will match spontaneously. This is the ultimate mode of road freight.

However, under the condition that the current technology has not reached the above level, offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks will exist for a long time. The reason is that it is difficult to standardize the freight supply and demand information we mentioned earlier, and the matching platform must have physical entities that enable both parties to meet. This makes these offline matching platforms naturally have the ability to gather people and traffic, and only when they carry out technological innovation and model innovation with real matching scenes can they promote the transformation and development of the road freight industry. Just like our comment on the highway port: "The construction of the highway port is to eliminate the highway port in the future".

4.3 Investment strategy

According to our judgment, the highway logistics industry will have offline matching platforms such as distribution stations, highways and logistics parks for a long time, and they have the strongest ability to gather traffic and people in scattered industries. That is to say, they have a strong premium ability to shippers and car owners. As long as these offline entities try to continue to cut into the deeper value-added and financial needs of shippers and car owners, the profit model will continue to innovate.

In view of the fact that there are regional offline matching entities all over the country, we suggest paying attention to Chuanhua, which can take the lead in arranging and integrating the resources of logistics parks nationwide to form a highway and port network.

For details of Chuanhua shares, please refer to our in-depth report "Chuanhua Logistics-China Highway Integrators Reloaded into Battle" on July 3 this year.

● Related reading:

In the era of big data, the car-goods matching logistics APP triggered a big change.

However, the combination of eggs: the matching of vehicles and goods can not solve the problem of logistics park

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All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Education Department (Education Committee), Intellectual Property Office (Intellectual Property Management Department), Science and Technology Department (Committee, Bureau), Education Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Intellectual Property Office, Science and Technology Bureau, Education Department (Bureau) of relevant departments (units), Intellectual Property Management Agency, Science and Technology Department, and colleges and universities jointly established by the ministries and provinces:

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of the Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy, the level of creation, application and management of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities has been continuously improved, and the number of patent applications and authorizations has been greatly improved. However, compared with foreign high-level universities, there are still some problems in Chinese university patents, such as "emphasizing quantity over quality" and "emphasizing application over implementation". In order to comprehensively improve the quality of university patents, strengthen the creation, application and management of high-value patents, and give full play to the important role of universities in serving economic and social development, the following opinions are put forward.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, implement the deployment of the National Education Conference, adhere to the new development concept, closely follow the main line of high-quality development, thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property rights, comprehensively improve the quality of patent creation, utilization efficiency, management level and service ability of colleges and universities, promote new progress in scientific and technological innovation and discipline construction, and support the construction of a strong country with education, science and technology and intellectual property rights.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Adhere to quality first. Firmly grasp the requirements of high-quality development of intellectual property rights, adhere to quality priority, identify the breakthrough, enhance pertinence, and always run high-quality through the whole process of intellectual property creation, management and application in colleges and universities.

　　Highlight the transformation orientation. We should establish the idea that innovation value can only be realized by transforming scientific and technological achievements such as patents in colleges and universities, and that non-transformation is the biggest loss, and highlight the orientation of transformation and application, which will force the optimization and promotion of intellectual property management in colleges and universities.

　　Strengthen policy guidance. Give play to the important role of policies such as financial aid, evaluation and evaluation in promoting reform and guiding work, and establish and constantly improve various policies and measures that are conducive to improving patent quality and strengthening transformation and application.

　　(III) Main objectives

　　By 2022, the whole process management system of intellectual property rights in colleges and universities covering patent navigation and layout, patent application and maintenance, patent transformation and application will be more perfect, and it will be organically integrated with the scientific and technological innovation system of colleges and universities and the transfer and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements. By 2025, the patent quality of colleges and universities will be significantly improved, and the patent operation ability will be significantly enhanced. The patent authorization rate and implementation rate of some colleges and universities will reach the level of world-class universities.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) improve the intellectual property management system

　　1. Improve the overall coordination mechanism of intellectual property rights. Colleges and universities should set up a leading group for the management and operation of intellectual property rights or a leading group for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, coordinate scientific research, intellectual property rights, state-owned assets, personnel, transfer and transformation of achievements, libraries and other relevant institutions, actively implement the "Regulations on the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in Colleges and Universities" (GB/T 33251-2016), and form an overall coordination mechanism integrating scientific and technological innovation with intellectual property rights management and transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities that have set up leading groups for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements should bring intellectual property management into the scope of responsibilities of the leading groups.

　　2. Establish and improve the intellectual property management process of major projects. Colleges and universities should embody intellectual property management in all aspects of project selection, project establishment, implementation, conclusion, achievement transfer and transformation. Explore and establish a sound patent navigation mechanism around major national scientific research projects such as major scientific and technological innovation 2030 projects and key R&D plans. Before the project is established, patent information and literature information are analyzed, intellectual property risk assessment is carried out, the research technology route is determined, and the starting point of research and development is improved; During the implementation of the project, track the work trends in the research field of the project, adjust the research direction and technical route in a timely manner, evaluate the research results in a timely manner and form intellectual property rights; Before the acceptance of the project, we should take the transformation and application as the guide, do a good job in patent layout and technical secret protection, and form a list of intellectual property rights of the project results; After the completion of the project, strengthen the implementation of patent application and promote the transfer and transformation of achievements. Encourage colleges and universities to strengthen the layout of intellectual property rights in strategic emerging industries and related industries in major national economic fields around advantageous and characteristic disciplines, and strengthen the application for international patents.

　　3. Gradually establish the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Colleges and universities should strengthen the management and service of scientific and technological innovations from the source, and gradually establish and improve the disclosure system of post scientific and technological achievements. Scientific researchers should actively and timely disclose their post-related scientific and technological achievements to their universities. Colleges and universities should improve the legal risk awareness of scientific researchers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, guide scientific researchers to carry out scientific and technological achievements transfer and transformation activities according to law, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of colleges and universities. Without the permission of the unit, no one may use the scientific and technological achievements of his position to engage in the establishment of enterprises and other acts. The disclosure of scientific and technological achievements in classified positions should strictly abide by the relevant provisions on confidentiality.

　　(two) to carry out pre-application evaluation of patent.

　　4. Establish a pre-application patent evaluation system. Conditional colleges and universities should speed up the establishment of pre-patent application evaluation system, clarify the evaluation institutions and processes, cost sharing and incentives, and evaluate the technology to be patented, so as to decide whether to apply for a patent and effectively improve the quality of patent application. The evaluation work can be carried out by the intellectual property management department (technology transfer department) of our school or by the entrusted market-oriented institutions. For the post-service scientific and technological achievements that the evaluation institution considers unsuitable to apply for a patent after evaluation, and the losses caused to the university due to the abandonment of patent application, if the relevant responsible person has fulfilled the obligation of diligence and did not seek illegal interests, he may be exempted from the decision-making responsibility of giving up patent application according to the law and regulations. For the job-related scientific and technological achievements formed by projects entrusted by enterprises and other social organizations, the parties involved in the contract are allowed to decide independently whether to apply for patents.

　　5. Clear ownership of property rights and cost sharing. Colleges and universities are allowed to explore the ownership reform of service inventions, and give full play to the role of property rights incentives and cost sharing in accordance with the principle of equal rights and obligations to promote the quality of patents. Inventors may not use financial funds to pay patent fees.

　　After the patent application evaluation, inventors are encouraged to bear the patent fees for the post-service scientific and technological achievements that universities decide to apply for patents. If the university divides the ownership with the inventor, the inventor shall bear the patent fee in proportion to the property right. If the ownership is not divided, it is necessary to clarify the patent cost sharing and income distribution; If colleges and universities bear all the patent fees, the income from patent transformation will be distributed according to the established proportion after deducting the patent fees and other costs; If the inventor bears part or all of the patent fees, the patent fees and other costs shall be deducted from the income obtained from patent transformation, and the patent fees borne by the inventor shall be deducted twice and returned to the inventor, and then distributed according to the established proportion.

　　After the patent application evaluation, the university should conclude a written contract with the inventor to transfer the patent application right or patent right in accordance with legal procedures, and allow the inventor to apply for a patent on his own. After authorization, the patent right belongs to the inventor, and the patent expenses are borne by the inventor. After deducting the patent application and operation and maintenance expenses, the inventor will pay the income to the university according to the agreed proportion.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of specialized institutions and talent teams

　　6. Strengthen technology transfer and the construction of intellectual property operating institutions. Support qualified universities to establish specialized institutions integrating technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation, and guarantee personnel, venues and funds. Through the platform and pilot demonstration construction such as "National Intellectual Property Pilot Demonstration University", "University Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation and Technology Transfer Base" and "University National Intellectual Property Information Service Center", we will promote the construction of technology transfer and intellectual property management and operation system, and continuously improve the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements in universities. Encourage colleges and universities to explore the market-oriented operation mechanism and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of professional institutions and talents.

　　Support the construction of market-oriented intellectual property operating institutions and provide professional services such as intellectual property, legal consultation, achievement evaluation and project financing for universities. Encourage colleges and universities to cooperate with third-party intellectual property operation service platforms or institutions, and give intermediary service fees to third-party professional institutions from the proceeds from the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Encourage the combination of universities and localities, and set up industrial intellectual property operation centers around the industrial planning and layout of various localities and the academic advantages of universities.

　　7. Accelerate the construction of professional talents. Support colleges and universities to set up courses related to technology transfer and intellectual property operation, strengthen the construction of intellectual property related majors and disciplines, create a professional talent team of intellectual property management and technology transfer by combining introduction and education, and promote the construction of professional talent team. Encourage colleges and universities to set up expert committees on the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and introduce technical managers to participate in the whole process of the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, such as invention disclosure, value evaluation, patent application and maintenance, technology promotion and docking negotiation, so as to promote the application of patent transformation.

　　8. Establish an intellectual property management and operation fund. Support colleges and universities to raise funds to set up intellectual property management and operation funds through school grants, local awards, and the proceeds from the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, so as to entrust third-party professional institutions to carry out intellectual property management and operation such as patent navigation, patent layout and patent operation, as well as the construction of technology transfer professional institutions and talent teams, so as to form a good cycle of transformation benefits and promotion of transformation.

　　(D) Optimize the policy system

　　9. Improve the talent evaluation and employment system. Colleges and universities should be guided by quality and transformation performance, pay more attention to indicators such as patent quality and transformation application, and resolutely put an end to simply taking the amount of patent application and authorization as the assessment content and increase the weight of patent transformation application performance in policies such as title promotion, performance appraisal, post appointment, project completion, talent evaluation and scholarship evaluation. Support colleges and universities to independently set up a series of technical and management posts for technology transfer and transformation according to the relevant regulations on post setting management, and encourage researchers and managers to engage in the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　10. Optimize the incentive policy for patent funding. Colleges and universities should take optimizing patent quality and promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements as the guide, stop funding and rewarding patent applications, greatly reduce and gradually cancel the rewards for patent authorization, and reward inventors or teams by increasing the proportion of transformation income and other "post-subsidy" methods.

　　Third, organize the implementation

　　(1) Improve the working mechanism. The Ministry of Education, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the Ministry of Science and Technology shall establish a regular communication mechanism to study the patent application, authorization and transformation in colleges and universities in a timely manner. Colleges and universities should deeply understand the importance of further improving patent quality, adhere to quality first, actively promote the patent quality improvement work to be included in the important agenda, further improve the level of intellectual property work, and promote the creation and application of intellectual property rights. Other types of intellectual property management can be implemented with reference to this opinion.

　　(2) Strengthen policy guidance. The transfer and transformation performance of scientific and technological achievements, such as patent transformation, is regarded as an important indicator of dynamic monitoring, effectiveness evaluation and discipline evaluation of the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines. It is not only to assess the number of patents, but also to highlight the transformation and application. Select a number of universities to carry out professional intellectual property operation or technology transfer personnel training, and constantly improve the intellectual property operation and technology transfer capabilities of universities. China National Intellectual Property Administration strengthens the examination of patent applications and strictly controls the quality of patents. Oppose the publication and resolutely resist the ranking of patent applications and authorizations in colleges and universities.

　　(three) the implementation of record monitoring. Before the end of March each year, colleges and universities will record the patents that have been transformed and implemented in the form of license, transfer, price share or joint ownership with enterprises through the China National Intellectual Property Administration system. According to the filing situation, the Ministry of Education and China National Intellectual Property Administration publish the implementation of patent transformation in colleges and universities every year, and monitor the patent transactions. According to "Several Provisions on Standardizing Patent Application Behavior" (China National Intellectual Property Administration Decree No.75, 2017), abnormal patent applications in colleges and universities are monitored every quarter. For colleges and universities with more than 5 abnormal patent applications per quarter or with abnormal patent applications accounting for more than 5% of the total patent applications this year, China National Intellectual Property Administration will cancel its qualification to declare the China Patent Award next year.

　　(4) Innovative licensing model. Encourage colleges and universities to carry out patent implementation transformation by means of ordinary license, and improve the transformation efficiency. Support the innovation licensing model of colleges and universities, and patents that have been granted the patent right for three years and have not been implemented without justifiable reasons can determine the relevant licensing conditions, publish them through the relevant platform of national intellectual property operation, and open the license to the society within a certain period of time.

Ministry of Education China National Intellectual Property Administration Ministry of Science and Technology

February 3, 2020

Recently, there have been frequent outbreaks, and the prevention and control situation is complicated and severe. However, a few people do not comply with the epidemic prevention requirements, conceal their personal itinerary, and are not worthy of joint investigation …

On March 18th, "Safe Nanjing" Weibo reported three illegal cases involving epidemic.

Concealing the itinerary and violating epidemic prevention regulations …

Many people in Jiangsu were punished.

↓↓↓

Deliberately conceal the travel trajectory

On March 15th, Xinwu Branch of Wuxi Public Security Bureau informed that a man in Wuxi was put on file for investigation on suspicion of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases and was investigated for criminal responsibility. Wuxi People’s Hospital found that Li Moxu (male, 48 years old, now living in Xinwu District, has been isolated for treatment) was positive in nucleic acid detection. After investigation, recently, Li Mouxu drove back and forth to Shanghai twice, but did not take the initiative to report to the local community, nor did he take the initiative to report to the inspectors during the "doorbell operation", and did not implement home health monitoring according to the No.78 notice issued by the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Command, and still went out many times, which caused COVID-19 to be in danger of transmission. Li Mouxu’s behavior is suspected of obstructing the crime of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Xinwu Branch of Wuxi Public Security Bureau has filed a case for investigation and investigated criminal responsibility.

On February 13th, Gao Moumou (male, 7 years old), a resident of Hai ‘an, returned from Suzhou to attend school. On the same day, his guardian Gao (male, 34 years old) learned that the community and the school were mobilizing to declare the history of staying in the epidemic area. Gao refused to carry out the decisions and orders issued by the people’s government in an emergency, deliberately concealed the itinerary of the epidemic area, and provided false itinerary information to the kindergarten where the child was located. His behavior has been suspected of violating the provisions of Article 50, paragraph 1, of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law. On February 21st, Hai ‘an police imposed an administrative penalty of 200 yuan.

Forged nucleic acid test report

In order to avoid the epidemic prevention and control inspection at a checkpoint in suyu district, Suqian City, Cao tried to get away with it by using the altered novel coronavirus nucleic acid test report. As a result, Cao was caught on the spot and was administratively detained according to law.

Participate in gathering activities such as playing cards, catering and entertainment in violation of regulations.

On March 7, the East Police Station of Haimen District Public Security Bureau in Nantong received a report from the masses that some people gathered in a chess room in Dongfeng New Village to gamble. After receiving the police, the police quickly went to the disposal and seized 4 gambling personnel on the spot. After investigation, four people who participated in gambling did not meet the punishment standard, and the police criticized and educated four people. Xu, the operator, violated the stipulation that "all chess rooms and mahjong rooms will be closed" in Nantong Epidemic Prevention and Control Circular No.1 in 2022, and the police imposed a fine of 200 yuan on Xu according to Article 50, paragraph 1, of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment, and asked the chess room to suspend business.

Five men in Ganyu District of Lianyungang were punished for illegally gathering people to play mahjong. At about 13: 00 on March 6, the Haitou Haiphong Police Station of Ganyu Public Security Bureau received a report from the masses, saying that someone in a roadside shop in Haiqian Village had violated the epidemic prevention and control regulations and gathered people to play mahjong. After receiving the report, the police quickly went to investigate and dealt with it and summoned five people for review. According to the relevant laws and regulations, Ganyu police gave warnings and punishments to five people, including Qi, who refused to carry out the decisions and orders issued by the government in a state of emergency.

Business without authorization in violation of regulations

An enterprise in Haizhou District was investigated for illegal production operations during epidemic prevention and control. On March 10th, the police of Hong Men Police Station of Haizhou Public Security Bureau found that the smelting workshop of a company in Hong Men Industrial Park was still operating illegally during the epidemic control. According to the relevant laws and regulations, Haizhou police imposed a fine on 200 yuan for the illegal behavior of the company’s responsible person who refused to implement the decisions and orders issued by the government in an emergency.

On March 14th, a pedicure shop in Zhenxing Middle Road, Zhenwu Town, Jiangdu District, Yangzhou City operated privately in violation of regulations. Jiangdu Branch of Yangzhou Public Security Bureau investigated and dealt with the pedicure shop according to law and imposed administrative punishment on Wang Moumou, the person in charge of the shop.

An art training institution in Sihong County, Suqian City failed to implement epidemic prevention and control regulations such as suspension of business, and still carried out offline centralized training. Tang, the person in charge of the training institution, was given administrative punishment according to law.

Failure to implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as "wearing a mask" and "taking temperature"

On March 15th, a smoking hotel along Changjian Square in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou failed to monitor the temperature of customers and scan the "Yangcheng Scan Code Pass" as required. Hanjiang Branch of Yangzhou Public Security Bureau investigated and dealt with the tobacco hotel according to law and imposed administrative punishment on Wu Moumou, the clerk on duty in the store; A life supermarket in Zhenyi Road, Dayi Town, Yizheng City did not enter the supermarket as required, and the personnel scanned "Yangcheng Scan Code Pass". Yizheng City Public Security Bureau investigated and dealt with the supermarket according to law and imposed administrative punishment on Dong Moumou, the epidemic prevention staff of the supermarket; A tea shop in Samsung Road, Hangji Town, a new eco-tech city, failed to enter the store as required. Yangzhou City Public Security Bureau Ecological Science and Technology New Town Branch investigated and dealt with the tea shop according to law and imposed administrative punishment on the legal representative of the shop, Xu Moumou.

A courier company in Sihong County, Suqian City failed to implement epidemic prevention and control regulations such as wearing masks for all employees and disinfecting all incoming and outgoing mail. Yao, the person directly responsible for the company, was given administrative punishment according to law.

Do not cooperate with the sealing control management.

A woman in Haizhou District of Lianyungang was punished for illegally crossing the guardrail and entering the closed community. At 11 o’clock on March 8, the police of Xindong Police Station of Haizhou Public Security Bureau found in the epidemic prevention and control work that a woman still illegally turned into the community from the gap of the south gate railing, knowing that the south gate of the community was banned and impassable during the epidemic prevention and control period. According to the relevant laws and regulations, Haizhou police warned and punished Sun’s illegal behavior of refusing to implement the government’s decisions and orders in a state of emergency.

Forcibly break into the card and insult or beat the epidemic prevention staff

A man in Guanyun County, Lianyungang was punished for driving and forcibly breaking into a card and insulting the epidemic prevention and control staff. At noon on March 6th, a man drove past the inspection point of epidemic prevention and control at the exit of Guanyundong Expressway, but he did not cooperate with the epidemic prevention and control personnel in accordance with the regulations and forced him to break into the card, and insulted the discouraged epidemic prevention and control staff. According to the relevant laws and regulations, Guanyun police imposed a five-day administrative detention on Chen Mou’s illegal act of refusing to implement the government’s decisions and orders in a state of emergency.

A woman in Punan Town, Haizhou District, Lianyungang was detained for breaking into a card and beating an epidemic prevention worker. At about 22 o’clock on the evening of March 7, Zhang Moumou, a woman from Xinxu Village, Punan Town, insisted on breaking the card during the epidemic control. After the epidemic prevention and control staff dissuaded her, she repeatedly collided with the staff by riding an electric car and pushed and beat them. According to relevant laws and regulations, Haizhou police imposed administrative detention on Zhang Moumou for seven days and fined 500 yuan.

Fabricate false epidemic information

On the afternoon of March 14, the police of Yantou Police Station of Taixing Public Security Bureau found in their work that the owners of a residential area posted false news in their owners’ WeChat group and the police immediately launched an investigation. After investigation, at 3 o’clock in the afternoon that day, Zhou sent the video he saw online to the WeChat group of the owner of his community without verification, and fictional said in the group that this video occurred during the epidemic in Taixing. A child jumped off a building due to online class problems. This false news was subsequently forwarded to other WeChat groups, which had a bad social impact. Zhou’s behavior has constituted a fictional fact and disturbed public order. At present, the public security organs impose administrative penalties on them according to the provisions of Item (1) of Article 25 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment.

Two men in guannan county, Lianyungang were punished for publishing false statements about the epidemic on the Internet. On March 10th, guannan county men Liu and Zhang made false statements through a short video platform, which caused panic among local netizens. The public security organs verified that they were false information about the epidemic, and Guannan police imposed administrative penalties on Liu and Zhang for their illegal acts of fabricating facts to disturb public order.

Destroy epidemic prevention facilities

On the morning of March 12th, in the jurisdiction of Huiping Town, Qidong City, a mobile board house that needed to be placed for epidemic prevention and control was found to be artificially damaged. After receiving the police, the Huiping police station immediately launched an investigation and successfully arrested three illegal actors, including Guo, who deliberately damaged public and private property and disrupted the epidemic prevention order after drinking. At present, Qidong police have imposed administrative detention on Guo and other three people for five days and seven days respectively.

Seeing this, many netizens questioned:

The epidemic has been going on for more than two years,

Why did this happen?

Weak legal consciousness and selfishness;

Some people have two mobile phones, one at home, so that the trip will never bring stars …

Others want to hide their itinerary by turning off their phones and traveling without their mobile phones …

It is everyone’s responsibility to prevent and control the epidemic.

Travel cards and communication big data are an important tool for epidemic prevention and control. Measures such as "with an asterisk" and "time and space companions" are all aimed at cutting off the spread of the epidemic as soon as possible, not to mention the usefulness of these methods.But this kind ofActs that harm others and themselves and violate epidemic prevention and control regulations will be investigated for legal responsibility according to the law.

During the epidemic,The general public should earnestly fulfill their personal responsibility for epidemic preventionIf you find that you have time and space intersection with the track of the confirmed or asymptomatic infected person, you must report it to your community or unit as soon as possible. We should continue to enhance our awareness of prevention, do a good job in daily protection such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, ventilating more, standardizing disinfection and keeping social distance, and actively cooperate with the implementation of various epidemic prevention and control measures.

There are also 30 kinds of behaviors that cannot be done (attached: legal consequences)!

　01, violation of epidemic prevention and control of social management order behavior.　

1, take public transport, access to residential areas, supermarkets, vegetable markets, hotels and other public places, refused to cooperate with the management staff to persuade to wear masks.

Suspected of violating Article 23 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment (hereinafter referred to as the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment), given a warning or imposed a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

Those who cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread may be suspected of violating Article 330th of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Law), which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

2, access to residential areas, supermarkets, vegetable markets, hotels and other related places, refused to cooperate with health information verification, refused to cooperate with the provisions of the identity registration.

Suspected of violating Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, given a warning or fined below 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined less than 500 yuan. 　

Those who cause novel coronavirus to spread or have a serious risk of spreading may be suspected of violating Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

3. Residents in closed communities refuse to cooperate with the management of closed communities, and go out and gather without authorization in violation of the relevant provisions of the epidemic prevention and control headquarters.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. If it causes the spread of novel coronavirus or has a serious risk of spread, it may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases; If a patient or pathogen carrier is diagnosed, conceals his illness or itinerary information, enters a public place or takes public transport, causing the spread of novel coronavirus, he may be suspected of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means. 　

4. Vehicles and personnel passing through the epidemic prevention and control card point refuse to cooperate or accept the inspection of the card point staff by punching cards or other methods.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined less than 500 yuan. Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

5, into the scope of nucleic acid detection, people do not participate in the unified organization of nucleic acid detection.

In violation of Article 51 of the Emergency Regulations on Public Health Emergencies, if the relevant units and individuals do not cooperate with the investigation, sampling, technical analysis and inspection, which may violate the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment and constitute a violation of public security administration, they will be punished by the public security organs according to law; Anyone suspected of constituting a crime will be investigated for criminal responsibility for allegedly obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases in accordance with Article 330 of the Criminal Law. 　

6. Persons whose health codes are yellow and red fail to conduct home health monitoring or centralized isolated observation in accordance with regulations.

Suspected of violating Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, given a warning or fined below 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined less than 500 yuan. 　

Those who cause novel coronavirus to spread or have a serious risk of spreading may be suspected of violating Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

7, concealing illness, concealing travel information (especially the history of living in key areas), concealing a history of close contact with confirmed cases or suspected cases.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

If it causes the spread of novel coronavirus or has a serious risk of spread, it may be suspected of the relevant provisions of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases; If a patient or pathogen carrier is diagnosed, conceals his illness or itinerary information, enters a public place or takes public transport, causing the spread of novel coronavirus, he may be suspected of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means. 　

8, refused to cooperate with the disease control and public security departments to carry out epidemiological investigation.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. It may be suspected of the relevant provisions of Article 330 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Anyone who obstructs the staff of state organs (including those engaged in epidemic prevention and control in state organs) from conducting epidemic investigation according to law by means of violence or threats may be suspected of Article 277 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstruction of official duties. 　

9. Persons with symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, decreased sense of smell and taste, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, conjunctivitis, myalgia and diarrhea fail to go to the fever clinic for medical treatment according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, and are ineffective after being discouraged.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

10, after the centralized isolation, do not accept health monitoring and management in accordance with the provisions, after being discouraged.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

11. During the epidemic prevention and control period, chess and card stalls and mahjong rooms were set up in the family residence, and cold and fever drugs were illegally sold.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan; Or other administrative penalties shall be imposed by the relevant departments. 　

Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

12. During the epidemic prevention and control period, residents go out to participate in gathering activities such as playing cards, catering and entertainment in violation of regulations, and are discouraged.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

If it causes the spread of novel coronavirus or has a serious risk of spread, it may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases; If a patient or pathogen carrier is diagnosed, conceals his illness or itinerary information, enters a public place or takes public transport, causing the spread of novel coronavirus, he may be suspected of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means. 　

13. Forge or alter the negative certificate of nucleic acid test in medical institutions, use other people’s health codes and travel codes or take other ways to conceal the itinerary and activity trajectory, so as to defraud the trust of relevant personnel, travel and visit, and enter public places, which causes novel coronavirus to spread or is in serious danger of spreading.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan; Or other administrative penalties shall be imposed by the relevant departments. It may be suspected of Article 330 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. 　

14, to help others escape the epidemic prevention and control inspection measures.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

15, residents and enterprises do not cooperate to carry out disinfection work related to epidemic prevention and control, and it is ineffective after dissuasion.

Violation of Article 50 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will result in a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. 　

Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Anyone who obstructs the staff of state organs (including those engaged in epidemic prevention and control in state organs) from conducting epidemic investigation according to law by means of violence or threats may be suspected of Article 277 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstruction of official duties. 　

　02, violation of epidemic prevention and control of economic management order behavior.　

16, during the epidemic, malicious hoarding, price gouging, profiteering.

It will be handled by the market supervision and management department in accordance with the law and regulations. If the amount of illegal income is large or there are other serious circumstances, which seriously disrupts the market order, it may be suspected of violating the state’s regulations on market operation and price management during the prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases and other disasters, driving up prices and profiteering, which seriously disrupts the market order. If the amount of illegal income is large or there are other serious circumstances, it may be suspected of Article 225 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of illegal business operation. 　

17, the production of medical masks, goggles, protective clothing and other medical equipment that do not meet the national standards and industry standards for the protection of human health.

Administrative punishment shall be imposed by the market supervision and management department. If the circumstances are serious, it may be suspected of Article 145 of the Criminal Law, and will be convicted of the crime of producing and selling substandard medical equipment, and will be severely punished according to law. 　

18. During the period of epidemic prevention and control, defrauding public or private property under the guise of developing, producing or selling articles used for epidemic prevention and control, or defrauding the public to donate money and materials by fabricating facts, with a relatively large amount.

May be suspected of Article 266 of the Criminal Law, convicted and punished for fraud. 　

　03, other violations of epidemic prevention and control of illegal and criminal acts.　

19. Making use of the pneumonia epidemic in novel coronavirus to create and spread rumors, inciting secession, undermining national unity, or inciting subversion of state power and overthrowing the socialist system.

It may be suspected of the second paragraph of Article 103 and the second paragraph of Article 105 of the Criminal Law, and the crime of inciting secession or inciting subversion of state power is put on file for investigation. 　

20, during the epidemic prevention and control, fabricate false epidemic information, spread in public places such as the Internet, or knowingly help spread and spread false information.

Violation of Article 65 of the Emergency Response Law will be ordered to make corrections and given a warning; If serious consequences are caused, the business activities will be suspended or the practice license will be revoked according to law. Violation of Article 25 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will be punished by detention for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and a fine of less than 500 yuan may be imposed; If the circumstances are minor, they will be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan. Those who seriously disturb social order may be suspected of Article 291 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of fabricating and intentionally spreading false information. 　

21. Deliberately disclosing personal privacy-related information and materials of infectious patients, pathogen carriers, suspected infectious patients and close contacts.

Violation of Article 42 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment will be punished with detention of less than 5 days or a fine of less than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they will be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan. If the personal information of citizens obtained by state organs or educational, medical and other units in the course of performing their duties and services is sold or illegally provided to others, if the circumstances are serious, it may be suspected of Article 253 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of infringing citizens’ personal information. 　

22. During the epidemic prevention and control period, intentionally injuring medical personnel and causing serious consequences of minor injuries, or tearing protective equipment and spitting on medical personnel, causing medical personnel to be infected with novel coronavirus.

It may be suspected of Article 234 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of intentional injury; Beating medical staff at will, if the circumstances are bad, may be suspected of Article 293 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of stirring up trouble; Whoever publicly insults or intimidates medical personnel by violence or other means, if the circumstances are serious or bad, may be suspected of Articles 246 and 293 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of insulting or provoking troubles. 　

23, grassroots medical and health institutions in violation of the first diagnosis responsibility system, unauthorized admissions fever patients, causing serious consequences.

Business activities will be suspended or the practice license will be revoked according to law. Cause the spread of novel coronavirus or have a serious risk of spread, may be suspected of Article 330th of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 　

24, in violation of epidemic prevention and control regulations, throwing masks, protective clothing and other medical protective articles, in violation of epidemic prevention and control regulations such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, arbitrarily disposing of medical protective articles, equipment, medical waste and other toxic and harmful substances containing novel coronavirus pathogens, seriously polluting the environment.

It may be suspected of Article 338 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of environmental pollution. 　

Deliberately releasing pathogens from COVID-19, which seriously endangers public safety, causes serious injuries, deaths or heavy losses to public and private property, may be suspected of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means. 　

25. The patient or suspected patient refuses or leaves the isolation treatment without authorization, refuses the isolation treatment or leaves the isolation treatment without authorization before the isolation period expires.

In violation of the first paragraph of Article 39 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the public security organ may assist the medical institution to take compulsory isolation treatment measures. 　

26, testing institutions without inspection and testing issued inspection and testing results report or issued false inspection and testing results report, or manufacturing or buying false inspection and testing results report, causing the spread of novel coronavirus or there is a serious risk of spread.

It may be suspected of Article 330 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. 　

27, during the epidemic, deliberately spread pathogens in COVID-19, endangering public safety.

For example, those infected with novel coronavirus resist epidemic prevention and control measures, deliberately spread the pathogen of pneumonia in novel coronavirus and endanger public safety, and the patients and pathogen carriers infected with pneumonia in novel coronavirus who have been diagnosed refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the expiration of the isolation period, and enter public places or take public transportation; Suspected patients infected with pneumonia in novel coronavirus refused isolation treatment or left isolation treatment before the expiration of the isolation period, and entered public places or took public transport, causing the spread of novel coronavirus, which may be suspected of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means. 　

28, engaged in experiments, preservation, carrying, transportation of infectious disease strains and viruses, in violation of the relevant provisions of the administrative department of health of the State Council, resulting in the spread of infectious disease strains and viruses, with serious consequences.

It may be suspected of Article 331 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of spreading strains and viruses of infectious diseases. 　

29. Violation of frontier health and quarantine regulations, evasion, obfuscation or other means at the time of entry and exit, failure to accept medical examination, sanitary examination and necessary sanitary treatment of persons or articles by frontier health and quarantine organs, and other violations of the obligation to accept frontier health and quarantine, resulting in the spread of quarantine infectious diseases.

It may be suspected of Article 332 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes the crime of obstructing frontier health and quarantine. 　

30. Those who evade quarantine on the prohibited articles imported into China as stipulated in the Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law, or fail to effectively control and dispose of the prohibited articles licensed to enter China, resulting in their escape and spread.

It may be suspected of Article 337 of the Criminal Law, which constitutes a crime of obstructing animal and plant epidemic prevention and quarantine. 　

Remind everyone again here.

Controlling the epidemic situation requires each of us to contribute.

I hope everyone can take action,

Take the initiative to report, cooperate with flow adjustment and control,

Active epidemic prevention!

Li Zhenquan data map

In the early morning of March 2016, in the depths of Yanshan Mountain, the spring was chilly. Under the incandescent lamp, it is a busy scene, with people coming and going, sweating on their heads. "All fiber cores of the No.3 rack have been successfully tested, and the equipment can be connected!" A lieutenant colonel officer has no distractions and gives instructions to the walkie-talkie. He is Li Zhenquan, a senior engineer of a communication group headquarters.

Li Zhenquan can’t remember how many times he moved the computer room. As long as the communication rooms of more than 10 companies in the whole regiment are relocated, he will basically be on the scene. From the initial independent connection of various equipment to the guidance of the whole group’s computer room construction, his "marriage" with the computer room lasted for 16 years.

16-year "marriage" with the computer room

When Li Zhenquan graduated in 1998, it coincided with the rapid development of national defense communications, and he was fortunate to experience the great changes in national defense communications from cable to optical cable and from carrier to optical terminal. In June, 1999, when the long-distance trunk line of military communication was changed from electricity to light, Li Zhenquan, who just graduated, was responsible for building a new optical communication room. At that time, no one in the company had contacted the optical transceiver. "In addition to the clear basic theory of communication principle, the first time I saw the actual equipment and saw so many boxes stacked there, I was also big. For the first time, I felt that there was a huge gap between theory and practice." Speaking of the scene at that time, Li Zhenquan smiled.

Day and night, facing the instructions, one equipment is installed, one line is connected, and one port is tested. Li Zhenquan forgets to sleep and eat. A week later, neat equipment, smooth cable arrangement, and the superior acceptance group gave a thumbs up. The computer room they installed has become a benchmark, and the director of communications of a group army also took people to learn from it.

In order not to affect the normal use of the next day, almost every time the computer room is moved, it is necessary to dismantle, relocate, install, cut over and open all the equipment within a few hours before dawn. "Nothing has changed for end users, except that we are working when others are resting, and we are still working when others are working." Li Zhenquan said.

For more than 10 years, dozens of computer rooms have been relocated, and thousands of devices have been connected without a mistake. "Practical and true." When Li Zhenquan was mentioned, Chief Engineer Liu Jizhou blurted out. In 2006, after graduating from graduate school, Li Zhenquan returned to the regiment as an engineer in a technical unit, and embarked on a long road of devoting himself to scientific research and quietly cultivating.

Li Zhenquan data map

Devote oneself to scientific research and work silently

The original head cabinet has been distributed for a long time, with incomplete information and no circuit diagram. Li Zhenquan used the abandoned head cabinet, dismantled the circuit board, drew by himself, learned drawing, bought chips, and began to study single chip computers. In the old equipment warehouse, he cleaned up an experimental platform and riveted it inside, with no distractions. After half a year’s research, the power head cabinet in the computer room was improved, the volume was reduced by half compared with the original one, and it was cheaper, the performance was more stable and the cost was saved by 60%. Eight years have passed, and some of these improved head cabinets are still on duty, guarding tens of thousands of communication equipment.

The duty stations are scattered, the technical force at the grass-roots level is relatively weak, the equipment alarms, the general business processing is fine, and when there is a big fault, it will be stretched. It often takes a long time for the technicians of the maintenance center to get to the scene, so the upper and lower levels are very upset. Li Zhenquan traveled all the computer rooms, collected information, and communicated with the personnel on duty in depth, and developed a "centralized monitoring and technical support system for remote equipment fault alarm". In the first time, the group communication combat duty room can provide help to the grass-roots duty personnel.

Although the grass-roots technical posts are ordinary, Li Zhenquan has made extraordinary achievements and won the third prize of military scientific and technological progress three times. In the face of rewards, he was very calm and humble: "It’s just that the organization trusted me and put me in a suitable position."

The battery pack is in a floating state for a long time, which is easy to cause aging and damage for a long time, and the battery supply is insufficient. Once the computer room is cut off, the consequences are unimaginable. To this end, he and the professional technical backbone of power supply tried various methods, and finally developed a "switching power supply battery charging protector", which improved the battery life by more than 30%. On this basis, he focused on the separation test of single battery to tackle key problems, and developed the "on-line precision test and performance early warning system of battery internal resistance", which fixed the monitoring point on single battery, avoiding "one bad group and one bad group", greatly improving the stability of battery pack and eliminating the hidden power hazard in the computer room.

Since becoming an engineer, Li Zhenquan has successively completed the survey and construction of nearly 600 kilometers of national defense communication optical cable lines, installed thousands of adjustment and measurement equipment, and laid tens of thousands of indoor cables, effectively alleviating the shortage of communication channels in all relevant directions and ensuring various military communication and liaison needs.

Li Zhenquan data map

Just to be worthy of the military uniform.

Li Zhenquan, who strives for perfection and is rigorous and realistic in his work, only ignores his wife and children. In 2009, the construction of communication optical cable around Bohai Sea required the construction and installation of dozens of computer rooms and stations along the line, and the equipment had to be adjusted and measured. The task was very heavy. He often left for more than a month, and after a year, he didn’t have much time at home. Li Zhenquan, who mentioned his daughter’s condensation and was not good at talking, had tears in his eyes. He said frankly, "I also want to be a good father and grow up with my daughter." When my wife gave birth, she was embarrassed in the uterus, which caused her daughter’s local brain injury and left sequelae. She couldn’t walk when she was two years old. Now she is a little behind other children of the same age. For so many years, the family’s affairs basically depend on her alone. My daughter’s school holds a parent-teacher conference. In other families, parents take their children with them, but his mother is the only one. The head teacher quietly pulled his wife aside: "I haven’t seen Ning Ning’s father either, and I’m not sure. It’s too tired for you to take care of your children alone, and it’s not a good thing for a single parent to rehabilitate her daughter …" Someone asked Li Zhenquan: "For so many years, you’ve been working day and night, what are you doing?" Zhen-quan Li smiled. "I think it’s worth it …".

In the spring, summer, autumn and winter, the cold is coming and the cool is coming. Li Zhenquan has been training and studying hard for several years. In the grass-roots technical posts, he silently guards the safe operation of national defense communications and equipment with practical actions, integrates his personal ideals and ambitions into the great cause of strengthening the army and rejuvenating the country, and shows the elegance of contemporary soldiers.

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"Only when everyone strives for a beautiful dream can we gather the majestic power to realize the Chinese dream." If there are pioneers emerging in the industry around you, please recommend them to CCTV.

　　Submission email: 1714523629@qq.com

　　With the promotion of cooperation among the three parties in various fields and the concrete implementation of projects, it is not important whether they merge or not.

　　If we talk about the rumors in the car industry, the first one is the merger of FAW, Dongfeng and Changan. As soon as there is trouble, there will be a wave of merger rumors.

　　No, the three joint venture travel companies have made the latest progress, and it is estimated that a new wave of merger rumors will come again.

　　On March 22, Changan Automobile (000625) announced at noon that it had jointly invested with Suning Investment Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd. and Dongfeng Motor (600006) Group Co., Ltd. in Nanjing to establish the equity investment partnership (limited partnership) of Nanjing Leading Bank, with a total share of 9.76 billion yuan.

　　Other investors include Shenzhen Tencent New Travel Limited Partnership (Limited Partnership), Hangzhou Alibaba Venture Capital Management Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Shijiali Asset Management Co., Ltd., Wuxi Feiye Investment Co., Ltd., Xianning Rongxun Smart Travel Industry Investment Fund (Limited Partnership), Nanjing Hengchuang Yunzhi Network Technology Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Leading Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd.

　　Among the many funders, Suning contributed 1.7 billion yuan, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan each contributed 1.6 billion yuan, and Tencent and Ali jointly contributed 2.25 billion yuan with three other funders, but their specific contributions are unknown.

　　Today, Dongfeng Motor also issued a similar announcement, announcing the news with pleasure.

　　The joint venture travel company will invest in the shared travel industry with new energy vehicles as the main part. The project aims at creating a networked and shared "new ecology of smart travel" and "strives to become the most reliable travel service enterprise in China".

　　The partnership travel company will be managed by a qualified fund management company entrusted by Nanjing Leading Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd.. In addition to providing abundant resource support, investors in the project will also introduce socialized mature talents and mature management experience in core positions to improve the level of operation and management.

　　In the future, this travel company will be a completely market-oriented operation mode.

　　Dongfeng revealed in the announcement that the joint venture company will integrate online transportation platforms, offline car sharing and mobile operations, asset management companies and big data centers, thus connecting consumers and automakers.

　　If the project lands, it will not only actively promote the traditional vehicle business of the three car companies, but also bring about sales increment, further improve the enterprise ecosystem and accelerate the pace of transformation.

　　After the announcement, the daily limit of Changan Automobile and Dongfeng Motor increased, while the share prices of FAW Car (000800) and faw xiali rose to varying degrees.

　　Tripartite cooperation has landed in the field of travel

　　In July 2018, FAW, Dongfeng and Chang ‘an signed a mobile travel intention agreement and decided to form a joint venture T3 travel service company. This time, the three parties joined forces with many external partners to jointly set up the equity investment partnership of Nanjing Leading Bank, which is the landing of T3 travel project.

　　The rumors of the merger of FAW, Dongfeng and Changan have a long history. At first, it should start with the change of defense of the leaders of the three groups, and then there is partial cooperation between enterprises. For example, in February 2017, Dongfeng and FAW signed a strategic framework agreement, and the two sides planned to jointly build a forward-looking common technology innovation center.

　　Soon, the three groups began all-round strategic cooperation.

　　On December 1, 2017, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement in Wuhan, which will cooperate in four major areas: forward-looking common technology innovation, automobile full value chain operation, joint "going out" and new business models.

　　Since then, the three parties have set up 12 project teams to carry out concrete project cooperation in macro-policy and industrial development research, vehicle platform, powertrain, new energy, intelligence, new business model, basic R&D and system construction, parts procurement, warehousing and logistics, manufacturing, international layout and capital cooperation.

　　Since entering 2018, various cooperation has begun to land.

　　On March 9, 2018, the three parties held a signing ceremony for the promotion meeting and project approval of cooperation projects in the manufacturing field in Wuhan.

　　On July 6, 2018, the three parties signed a T3 logistics strategic cooperation agreement in Wuhan to establish a "1+1+3" logistics enterprise strategic cooperation innovation model.

　　On July 13, 2018, the three parties signed a mobile travel intention agreement and decided to form a joint venture T3 travel service company.

　　On December 21, 2018, the three parties signed an intention agreement on joint venture and cooperation of T3 Technology Platform Company, which will focus on the research and development of the core systems, modules and platforms of the next generation of automobiles.

　　Until today, the equity investment partnership of Nanjing Leading Bank has surfaced, and the cooperation among the three parties in the field of travel has been substantially promoted.

　　Among the shareholders of the partnership travel company, in addition to the three central enterprises, there are also giants such as Suning, Tencent and Ali. Changan Automobile said in the announcement, "This project can make full use of the brand influence of all investors, attract policies and resources of all investors in technology, capital and flow, and create competitive advantages."

　　As you can imagine, the travel company has vehicle resources, channel resources, financial resources, and the background of central enterprises as an endorsement. Coupled with the brand influence of all parties, it is absolutely famous and rooted in Miao Hong. Therefore, the most nervous thing today should be Didi.

　　However, due to frequent security incidents and stricter industry supervision, the current shared travel industry is at a low point. In addition, car companies basically have their own travel projects or are deeply bound with external travel platforms, and the industry is in a state of vassal separation. As a latecomer, it remains to be seen whether Nanjing Leading Partnership can win the market.

　　Traditional merger is being abandoned.

　　The Medium-and Long-Term Development Plan of Automobile Industry jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2017 is a programmatic document for China to respond to the changes in the automobile industry and promote the strategy of strengthening the automobile country.

　　It is clearly stated in the Plan that "cooperation modes such as capital, technology, production capacity and brand within the automobile industry chain and across industries should be encouraged, and advantageous enterprises should be supported to form strong alliances through mutual shareholding and strategic alliances, so as to continuously improve industrial concentration" and "the reform of mixed ownership should be steadily promoted, and cooperation between state-owned enterprises and other non-public enterprises in production capacity, channels, investment and financing should be realized through market-oriented means and various modes".

　　This time, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan joined hands with cross-border partners to set up a travel company in the form of a partnership, which is an active exploration and innovation for the reform of mixed ownership and conforms to the policy orientation of the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for the Automobile Industry.

　　Auto business review believes that compared with the simple administrative means of enterprise merger, the more commercial operation mode and diversified equity management structure of Nanjing Leading Partnership are obviously more in line with the country’s current positioning of central enterprises.

　　With the promotion of cooperation between FAW, Dongfeng and Changan in various fields and the concrete landing of projects, the business is deeply integrated, and after the cooperation is on the right track, it is not important whether they merge or not.

　　The establishment of the partnership travel company indicates that the possibility of future merger of the three car companies is getting smaller and smaller.

　　In fact, there has been a trend around the world: traditional corporate mergers are being replaced by various ecosystems, alliances and cooperation. Cooperation is more important than ever for car companies, but the way they form alliances with each other is more and more inclined to date than marriage. (See "Why the new automobile industry alliance prefers" dating "to" marriage ")

　　Travel as a Service (TAAS) in the automotive industry? ? Under the general trend, the greater competition in the future is not between car companies, but between travel platforms. BMW and Daimler are merging their DriveNow and Car2Go car sharing businesses. Under the new competition mode, this horizontal alliance between car companies is obviously more important.

　　The same is true for FAW, Dongfeng and Changan to form a joint venture travel company. Moreover, the introduction of external multi-party partners can not only reduce investment costs, but also share possible risks.

　　In the process of traditional car companies transforming into mobile travel companies, the three car companies have joined forces with head companies in the Internet, finance, retail and other industries to enter the shared travel market, which is undoubtedly the fastest, lowest cost and least risk transformation mode.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: auto business review. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.