Most of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China are mainly subtropical monsoon climate zones, with relatively warm winters, but there have been extremely cold periods in history and even suffered from heavy snow and freezing disasters. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a cold period in the history of China, and the disaster of heavy snow and freezing in the southern region was very serious.

　　First, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, heavy snow and freezing disasters in South China

　　The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was very cold from the middle of the seventeenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the heavy snow in Guizhou lasted for 40 days. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Luoping County was frozen with the moon as big as a column. The cold period from the middle of 18th century to the end of 19th century in Sichuan and Chongqing was not only cold, but also lasted for a long time. During the Ganjia period, there was often heavy snow in Sichuan basin in winter, and the phenomenon of excess snow was very common. For example, in the forty-eight years of Qianlong, heavy snow fell in Sichuan Province, with a thickness of two feet in many places. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing, there were three heavy snows, the temperature was low, the indoor cups and plates were often frozen, and the ice in the water bowl was three inches thick. The low temperature disaster during Guangxu period was even more obvious. For example, in the seventeenth year of Guangxu, the heavy snow in Shifang County condensed into ice strips and ice cubes, which were extremely hard. The oil tanks and vegetables in the house were as cold as glue paint seals, and they could only be opened when they were used by fire. In the winter of the eighteenth year of Guangxu, there was a severe cold in Shuangliu County, and the ice was more than a foot thick. It snowed heavily for several days in Nanchuan county, followed by freezing for more than ten days. In the winter of the 19th year of Guangxu, the river in Wanyuan County was frozen, making it possible to walk on it. According to relevant historical records, such as "the ice is more than a foot thick", "the ice is hard for several days", "the river ice can cross" and "the ice is several feet thick", it can be seen that the climate in Sichuan Basin and surrounding mountainous areas was obviously colder than now.

　　Hubei area is more obviously affected by the cold air in the north due to location factors, and it is prone to freezing disasters. For example, in the ten years of Shunzhi, Hanyang County suffered from severe cold, and the lakes were frozen and could walk. Twenty-nine years of Kangxi, bamboo? The snow in the county is five or six feet deep, and the river is frozen into a beam. In the winter of the 30th year of Kangxi, it was very cold in Fangxian County, the river froze, and many people and animals froze to death. In the winter of Daoguang twenty-one years, the snow in Xianning County was several feet flat and the ice was as hard as stone. In the winter of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Daye County was five feet deep, and the lake ice was thick enough for people to pass. The snow in Pu Yin County is five or six feet deep, and lakes and rivers are all frozen. The snow in Xianning County is four or five feet deep, and many pedestrians are frozen to death. In the first month of the fourth year of Tongzhi, there was heavy snow in Yunyang and the Hanshui River froze. In the winter of Guangxu three years, Xiangyang River was frozen, and ice was everywhere. The river ice in Yicheng county is several inches thick, and the ferryman walks on the ice. In thirteen years, the snow accumulated six feet deep, and the Fuhe River Ivylinna Lee was several feet deep, so vessels of all sizes could not travel, and there was an endless stream of horses and chariots on the river.

　　There were mainly two cold periods in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan, the first was from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of Kangxi, and the second was from Jiaqing to Guangxu. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Youxian County, and the river was frozen, so people could cross it. There are several feet of snow in winter in Ningxiang county, and the river can cross. It snows heavily in winter in Xiangxiang County, and the river is frozen and frozen. The snow in Hengshan county is several feet deep, and the river is frozen, which is more than feet thick. It snowed heavily for 60 days in Leiyang county, and everyone on the river crossed the ice. In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, the snow accumulated in Yuezhou Prefecture for more than ten days, and the lake was frozen, so people could walk across the river. Hengyang county ice, more than 40 days. The heavy snow in Chenzhou, with several feet of ice thickness, was released in February of the following year. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, there was a big ice and a frozen river in Changsha County. It is feasible to freeze the rivers in Shanhua County. After twenty-five years of Qianlong, the pond was frozen. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Pingjiang was three feet deep, and the river was frozen to cross. In the first year of Tongzhi, the snow in Wugang was more than two feet deep and the ice was three inches thick. The pond was feasible, and it was difficult to understand for more than ten days. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, there was heavy snow in Shaoyang, and the ground accumulated two or three feet. The ice was firm and feasible. In Guangxu three years, Leiyang was frozen for more than half a month, and pedestrians suffered.

　　There were also two particularly cold periods in Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The first period was the Kanggan period, and the second period was the late years of Xianfeng and the early years of Tongzhi. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there were dozens of days of heavy snow in Hukou County, and Meijiazhou in Pengli Lake was frozen and could pass people; It is snowing heavily in Xingzi County, and the river is frozen. The heavy snow in Linchuan county has accumulated for more than forty days, and the river ice can be crossed. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Wuning County was snowed for three days, with a depth of five or six feet, and it began to disappear at the end of the month. The rivers and wine jars were all frozen, and the water tanks were broken, so that residents had no water to draw, and they lived by melting snow for water. De ‘an County has been snowing for several days, and the Wushimen River is frozen very thick, so it can drive. It is snowing heavily in Poyang County, and the river is frozen, which is several feet strong and can be driven. The snow in Wannian County is four or five feet deep. Anyone with water in the appliance is known as water crack, and the ice in the pond is full of feet, which is feasible. In the first year of Tongzhi, the hard ice in Jinxian County was six or seven inches thick, and the Yangtze River could pass through chariots and horses, that is, the turbulence was frozen. In Anyi County, the snow fell in the first month of spring, and the rivers closed, pedestrians and camphor trees withered. The first month of yugan county is freezing, and the river ice is thick enough to cross the chariots and horses. The river in Anren County is full of ice, and people go up from the ice. It will be fine for ten days. It snowed heavily in the first month of spring in Wanzai County, dripping into ice.

　　Jiangsu and Anhui provinces are roughly divided into three cold periods, namely, the period of ShunKang Yong Gan, the early years of Tongzhi in the last years of Xianfeng and the middle period of Guangxu. For example, in the tenth year of Shunzhi, Tongcheng was snowed for more than ten days, and the trees were frozen, and the moon was puzzled. When it was snowing heavily, the ice was several feet thick, and the eaves hung on the ground, and many trees froze to death. In the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, the ice of Dongtai River was more than feet thick, and people walked on the ice. Wujiang is cold in winter, and the ice in Taihu Lake is two feet thick. Songjiang prefecture, Lingdian frozen for several days, walking on the ice. In the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Wangjiang. The city was several feet deep, and the frozen ice in lakes and marshes was about six feet. The Huaihe River froze in Xuyi, and the horses and chariots traveled on the ice, and the solution began in February of the following year. In the winter of the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Shucheng and Wuwei were extremely cold, and the river ice was several feet. Wuxian county is cold and snowy, and the river is frozen and cut off. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong, Taihu Lake froze for more than a month. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, there was heavy snow in winter, and the ice was thick enough to pass people. The snow in Guichi is seven or eight feet deep, and the river turns into ice. There is heavy snow in Wuxian county, and the flat land is four or five feet. The ice in Taihu Lake is half a month. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Wusongjiang, Qingpu County, was frozen for ten days. The river port in Jiading County is frozen and pedestrians can walk on the river. In the 19th year of Guangxu, there was heavy snow in Wuxian, and Taihu Lake was frozen to a thickness of feet. Although Lux vertebral chisel could not sail.

　　During this period, the climate in Zhejiang was also very cold, especially in the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Cixi County was cold in winter, and the river was icy, and the boat could not pass through the moon. In the fourth year of Kangxi, the winter in Huzhou was very cold, and the ice in Taihu Lake was blocked. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Taihu Lake in Huzhou was frozen for more than a month, and people could walk on ice. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, it was snowed in Anxian County, and the river was frozen and the boat was blocked for decades. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, the winter in Jiashan County was very cold, which was unprecedented in more than sixty years. After 60 years of Qianlong, the snow in Wucheng County was ten feet deep, Taihu Lake was frozen, and people walked on the ice until the Lantern Festival the following year. In the winter of the seventeenth year of Guangxu, there was a great cold in Changhua County, and the river was ice-accumulated, which was several feet strong and could be used for walking. The snow in Taiping county is more than feet deep, coughing and spitting into ice, and the river is frozen and can’t sail. The snow in Haining is extremely cold, the river ice can be worn, and those who can’t get through the boat are tired. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, all the rivers in Yuyao, Zhejiang were frozen. Heavy snow in Taiping County, coughing into ice, frozen rivers, unable to sail.

　　Studies have shown that Guangdong and Guangxi were equally cold in the Qing Dynasty, with the first low temperature period from the seventh year of Shunzhi to the eleventh year of Qianlong (1650-1750) and the second low temperature period from the ninth year of Daoguang to the second year of Xuantong (1830-1910), with the peaks of the two low temperature periods in the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi and the eighteenth year of Guangxu. For example, in the eighteenth year of Guangxu, the snow in Luchuan, Guangxi was two feet thick, the snow in Qinzhou was like cotton, the snow in Tai Po, Guangdong was three or four inches thick, and the waterfall in the mountain stream was frozen.

　　Since the beginning of the first half of the 20th century, the climate in southern China has become warmer, which is reflected in the relative warmth in the first 50 years. From the 1940s and 1950s, there was a brief cold period, which reached its peak in 1955. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there was an extreme low temperature of about minus 14 degrees Celsius, and both Dongting Lake and Hanshui River were frozen, while Taihu Lake was partially frozen, and the absolute lowest temperature below zero was also recorded in Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　Generally speaking, the winter low temperature disaster in southern China is very serious in the past 300 years. During the cold period, not only the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally have a long period of heavy snow, but also the land is seriously frozen, and most rivers and lakes are frozen. Many rivers and lakes have ice thickness that can pass pedestrians and cars. Not only do people cough and spit into ice in the wild, but also water bowls and wine jars at home freeze, some of which are as thick as three inches. This low temperature freezing situation is unprecedented in the past 100 years. The degree of low-temperature freezing disaster in Sichuan and Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively weak, but some rivers in the northern part of the basin also appear freezing phenomenon, and Mianyang even turns boiling water into ice in an instant, which is more serious than this year’s low-temperature freezing disaster. In the high-altitude Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area, sometimes it snows for as long as 40 days, and the bowl in Kunming freezes, and the degree of low temperature is also higher than that in modern times.

　　According to the 500-year temperature fluctuation map south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains of China, there are four cold periods from the mid-15th century to the 1970s, the mid-17th century, the mid-18th century and the late 19th century, and the cold period generally fluctuates between 100 and 150 years. In the past 300 years, 50 or 60 years in the early Qing Dynasty and 50 years in the late Qing Dynasty were the coldest periods. The extreme peak years of the former period were in the ninth year of Kangxi (in 1670, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan) and in the 29th year of Kangxi (in 1690, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan), while the peak years of the latter period were in the 17th to 19th years of Guangxu (in 1891-1893, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). At the same time, there are relatively extreme low temperature periods of about 50 years in this hundred-year cycle, such as the 26th year of Qianlong (in 1761, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 14th year of Jiaqing (in 1809, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 11th year of Xianfeng and 1st year of Tongzhi (in 1861 and 1862, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) and 1955 (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). Generally speaking, the low temperature degree of the heavy snow and freezing disaster in China this year is not as severe as the two heavy snow and freezing disasters in Kangxi and Guangxu years, nor as severe as the low temperature degree in 1955, but the scope of the disaster is rare. As far as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan areas are concerned, it is at least a once-in-50-year heavy snow and freezing disaster, and it can be described as a once-in-a-century winter low temperature and freezing disaster for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Second, the impact of heavy snow and freezing disasters

　　Due to different social and economic backgrounds, the impact of low temperature and freezing disasters in different periods is also very different.

　　(1) In the traditional era, the socio-economic operation of urban and rural areas was mainly maintained by natural renewable fuels. In the Qing Dynasty, most urban and rural areas in southern China mainly relied on nearby biofuel firewood for heating and lighting, and transportation and communication were also mainly transmitted by people. The natural attributes of life and production were obvious, so the impact of low temperature disasters on the basic survival and production of urban and rural areas was limited. From the traditional era, the low-temperature freezing disaster in the south usually causes "people and animals freeze to death", "fish and turtles freeze to death", "fruit trees wither", "trees are completely broken", "houses are crushed" and "boats are blocked", etc., but it is not easy to make urban and rural areas completely paralyzed. Modern industrial civilization is based on non-renewable and non-biological fuels, and this foundation is often realized by great transportation and transshipment; At the same time, modern fuel-powered transportation has higher requirements for roads, while people and information flow more frequently in modern society, and basic survival has higher requirements for transportation and fuel power. Therefore, once the traffic is blocked, the fuel can’t be transported through the big traffic, and the power is interrupted, the modern industrial civilized society will be completely paralyzed, and the disaster caused to the society will be more obvious.

　　(2) In the Qing Dynasty, the population density in southern China was not as high as that in modern times, and the intensity and scope of economic development were not as good as now, so the impact of low temperature and extreme climate on production and life was objectively limited. Especially in many areas of southern China in the Qing Dynasty, the scale of agricultural production in winter was very limited, and many lands were left fallow. However, with the economic development in southern China, the scale and scope of industrial economy have been greatly expanded, the urban population has soared, modern industrial civilization has been further deepened, and the multi-cropping system of field crops has been popularized, especially the development of a large number of greenhouse planting industries. The impact of low-temperature freezing disasters on urban and rural production and life is much more obvious than that of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Of course, we should also see that in the face of low-temperature and freezing disasters in ancient times, although the scale and degree of the disaster may be small objectively, it is precisely because of the constraints of transportation and communication that people often can’t know the situation in the disaster area in time and can’t carry out disaster relief and mitigation in time, so it often has a great impact on people’s livelihood.

　　It should be pointed out that the modern industrial economy in the south of China has only a history of more than one hundred years, but it only took shape in the last fifty years. In history, this large-scale extremely cold and frozen climate in the south is often a time scale period of one hundred to fifty years, so strictly speaking, the modern industrial civilization in the south of China has not experienced the test of this extremely low temperature and freezing disaster. Therefore, we not only lack the psychological and countermeasure preparation for this emergency, but also lack the construction requirements for preventing this kind of low-temperature freezing disaster, such as building roofs, power transmission, highway and railway transportation, which do not have the technical requirements for preventing extreme low-temperature freezing under high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to strengthen the research on the prevention of extreme freezing weather in winter and establish corresponding preventive countermeasures in the urban and rural construction and social development in southern China. (Author: Institute of Historical Geography, Southwest University)

Editor: Li Erqing

　　BEIJING, Shennongjia, October 25 (Luo Yongbin, Peng Linpeng) On the night of October 24, adult giant pandas "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" arrived safely in Shennongjia, Hubei Province. This is considered to be the return of giant pandas to Shennongjia after more than 100 years, marking a key step in public education and scientific research of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　At 11: 00 a.m. on the same day, two giant pandas, escorted by shennongjia national nature reserve and the staff of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, set off from Qingchengshan Base in Dujiangyan, flew to Yichang Airport in Hubei via Chengdu, and then arrived at their "new home" in Guanmenshan, shennongjia national nature reserve by land that night. Routine inspection of the entourage showed that the two giant pandas were in good health and stable mood after arriving at home, and soon began to taste new food — — Fargesia shennong.

　　The two giant pandas who returned to their hometown Shennongjia this time were born in 2008, in their prime of life, healthy and lively, and they are about to start a new life in Shennongjia.

　　In 2015, in order to enrich and expand the field of natural science research in Shennongjia, the Party Committee and Government of Shennongjia Forest Region drew up a plan to implement the national treasure panda public education project in shennongjia national nature reserve, which was supported by the State Forestry Administration.

　　In recent years, according to the procedures and requirements of the public education and scientific research project on giant pandas, Shennongjia Forest Area has organized many batches of experts to carry out a large number of investigations, studies and demonstrations, initiated and implemented administrative examination and approval, venue construction, food sources, technology and financial guarantee, and finally decided to implement the panda arrival plan in late October.

　　The China International Conference on the Protection of Giant Pandas held from 19th to 21st of this month clearly stated that giant pandas are the common property of human beings and are still in an endangered state. All parties will make joint efforts to carry out in-depth cooperation in in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation and public education of giant pandas. The implementation of public education and scientific research on giant pandas in Shennongjia is of great significance to enhance the public’s awareness and cognition of panda protection, effectively improve the protection and research ability of rare wild animals in Shennongjia, and carry out research on the food source and living environment of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　Shennongjia is the first "Triple Crown" heritage site in China, and its biodiversity has been widely recognized all over the world.

　　In September this year, the China Giant Panda Protection Research Center organized experts to inspect Shennongjia. In the assessment, it was pointed out that the ecological characteristics of Shennongjia and Sichuan Wolong Nature Reserve were very similar, and the climate and temperature, bamboo source types and quantities, and forest canopy were all in line with the living environment of giant pandas. At the same time, Shennongjia forest region has strong strength and fruitful achievements in the field of golden monkey protection and research, which can provide strong scientific and technological support and personnel support for the protection and development of giant pandas in the future.

　　It is understood that the newly-built Shennongjia Giant Panda Pavilion covers an area of more than 7,000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 1,700 square meters. Its natural environment and supporting research facilities can effectively meet the comfort and safety standards of giant pandas, and also meet the conditions for public display and scientific research.

　　Historical data show that Shennongjia was once a paradise for giant pandas, and the indirect influence of natural environment changes and human activities led to the disappearance of giant pandas in this area. It is of great significance and great responsibility for Shennongjia to welcome back the giant panda and carry out public education and scientific research. In order to achieve this goal at an early date, shennongjia national nature reserve has made careful, meticulous and meticulous preparations in environmental conditions, daily management, staffing, food source supply, disease prevention and control, etc.

　　According to the personage of Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" have a long-distance transportation, and there is still a process of adaptation to the new environment. Shennongjia Nature Reserve will cooperate with the technicians of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, take care of them, and make them better adapt to their "new home" as soon as possible. After quarantine, they will be visited by friendly humans.

When it comes to inflation, the financial crisis may be the first thing that comes to mind. Many major financial crises in history were caused by excessive inflation, and many of them were caused by war. For example, the "inflation" recorded in history textbooks during the Republic of China-the government of the Republic of China issued a large number of French currency notes to pay for the huge war expenses. In 1947, 100,000 yuan of French currency notes were issued, and the price was like a runaway horse. At that time, a professor’s salary was more than 10 million yuan, but it was not enough to buy five loaves of flour.

War consumes not only life, but also money. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, Cai Jing, the financial minister, made a great deal of money in order to attack Xixia, and his means was to issue "pawn money".

Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, the successor of Xining Reform

Cai Jing was a powerful minister at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Song Huizong was the prime minister for five times, which experienced the whole process of the Northern Song Dynasty’s demise. Cai Jing is also a notorious treacherous court official in the history of China, and his life is recorded in the Biography of Treacherous Court Officials in Song Dynasty.

Cai Jing’s official career is full of ups and downs, and his official career cannot be separated from one person-Wang Anshi. In the second year of Xining in Song Shenzong (AD 1069), Wang Anshi began to carry out political reform, which was called Xining Political Reform in history. The aim of Wang Anshi’s political reform was to enrich Qiang Bing, which was soon realized, and the court obtained enough military materials and troops. Cai Jing’s younger brother Cai Bian is Wang Anshi’s son-in-law. During the reign of Xining, recommended by Wang Anshi, Cai Jing entered the book ceremony room to study official business. Thanks to Wang Anshi’s support, Cai Jing’s official career prospered and soared all the way. Soon, the official arrived at Zhongshu Sheren, Longtuge, and the right to know Kaifeng.

In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (AD 1081), Song Shenzong launched a large-scale war against Xixia, and Song Jun suffered a crushing defeat. Song Shenzong’s dream of making great achievements in the world was shattered, and he soon died of depression.

In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (AD 1085), Song Shenzong died, Song Zhezong ascended the throne, and the power was in the hands of Song Shenzong’s mother, Gao. Sima Guang was appointed as the prime minister and started the reform movement of Yuanyou, completely denying Wang Anshi’s political reform.

Cai Jing, as a member of Xining Party, was banished from the imperial court and became an official at the local level during the period of Yuan Yougeng. After Song Huizong took office, Xi Ning Party members were employed. At this time, Wang Anshi had already passed away, and Cai Jing became the prime minister as the successor of Xi Ning’s political reform, thus restarting the great cause of political reform.

Ten dollars in business, money law is in chaos.

In the first year of Chongning (A.D. 1102), when Cai Jing was just appointed as the vice minister, he immediately ordered the new laws of the Song Shenzong period to be re-implemented. At this time, there was a Xining Party member named Xu Tianqi, who served as a transshipment agreement in Shaanxi at that time. In order to cater to Cai Jing, he asked the court to cast ten yuan. During Wang Anshi’s political reform, he used to cast a lot of money to fold two dollars. At this time, if you cast ten dollars, the nominal value will increase by five times compared with the discount of two dollars. The intention of infringing on the interests of the people is too obvious. Cai Jing has some concerns, so he temporarily cast five dollars and tried to see its effect. In May of the second year of Chongning (AD 1103), Cai Jing ordered Shaanxi, Jiangzhou, Chizhou, Raozhou and Jianzhou to use the copper materials that were prepared to cast small flat coins in those years to cast 50 yuan. The inscription "Sheng Song Tong Bao" with a discount of five yuan is slightly heavier than that of Xiao Ping Qian. The nominal value of 50% off is two and a half times that of 20% off. The trial was successful and there was no problem. Soon after, Cai Jing ordered the casting of ten yuan in accordance with Shaanxi’s big money shape, and limited the casting line to three hundred million articles of ten copper coins and two billion articles of ten iron coins in that year. Cai Jing did this because, first, he thought that the ten-fold money was cast on the basis that the five-fold money had entered the circulation, which was only twice as big as the five-fold money and would not cause a violent market reaction; Second, it is estimated that the total amount of coins in circulation at that time was about 200 billion to 300 billion, and the amount of ten yuan in the first line accounted for a small share of the total amount of coins in circulation, which would not have much impact on the purchasing power of money; Third, there is a precedent in Song Renzong’s period to consider the discount of 10 yuan, which can refer to the ancestral casting.

As early as the first year of Kangding, Song Renzong (AD 1040), Song Jun attacked Xixia, and Shaanxi was short of military supplies, so the imperial court was invited to cast large copper coins in parallel with small flat coins, and one copper coin was used as ten. Since then, ten iron coins have been made, which led to the theft of casting by the people, so the money law was in chaos. After frequent adjustments to the money law, the court gradually calmed down the chaos of the money law. Cai Jing used the shape of Shaanxi’s big money to cast it as ten money, in order to borrow the ancestral system and obtain the legitimacy of currency reform.

Discount five yuan for the inscription "Sheng Song Tong Bao" and ten yuan for the inscription "Chong Ning Chong Bao". From the unearthed cultural relics, the number of "Shengsong Tongbao" with a discount of five yuan is very small, because the casting line soon changed to "Chongning Chongbao" with a discount of ten yuan. At that time, more casting was "Chongning Heavy Treasure".

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the word "fold" was often used to express the amount of virtual money. During the period of Song Huizong, the pawn money was originally called "ten-fold money". In October of the second year of Chongning (AD 1103), Song Huizong ordered that "ten-fold money" be renamed as "ten-fold money". The end of the Chronicle of the Emperor and Song Dynasty as a Mirror contains: "The imperial edict is changed into two, and the ten is combined as two and ten." Lu You’s "Old Story of the Family" also contains: "At the beginning, Xi Ning cast two yuan, so Chongning Daquan began to be called’ 10′, but the group castrated that Huizong was the tenth son of Shenzong, and’ 10′ was not a good name, so it was called as 10, so it was ordered to cloud." It can be seen that Song Huizong should call the money "10% off" in the early years; After the imperial edict of Chongning for two years, the money should be called "pawn ten money". However, there are many confusions in the literature records.

After the imperial court minted ten yuan, the people stole it and the money law was in chaos. In order to prohibit the people from stealing castings, the court issued several bans. However, the lure of huge profits still makes the phenomenon of casting theft very serious, and many people do not hesitate to try their own laws. In the fourth year of Chongning (A.D. 1105), Shangshu said: "I heard that the southeast roads were stolen and cast as ten dollars, and the boat was cast in the rivers and seas. When I was an official, I didn’t care about my heart, and I indulged in evil." People steal ten coins, melt small money into copper, and cast it into big money, so they can get several times of profits. In order to avoid the arrest of the government, this illegal activity has developed to ships on rivers and seas.

Fang La Uprising, United with Jin and destroyed Liao, finally became a swan song.

A small sum of money has helped the people for a long time, and the ancient people have prospered the army, but the tin reward has not continued, or one is a hundred, or one is a thousand. This right is appropriate at the right time. How can it be done on a peaceful day? When ten drums are cast, there are several times of interest. Although it is cut every day, it is unstoppable.

In the third year of Daguan (A.D. 1109), Taiwan remonstrators spoke in succession about Cai Jing’s sins. Therefore, Cai Jing lost his post as prime minister for the second time and presided over the compilation of A Record of Zhe Zong. However, three years later, Cai Jing was in power again.

In May of the second year of Zhenghe (AD 1112), Cai Jing was appointed as Prime Minister for the third time. Unexpectedly, in November of the following year, He Zhizhong became the left servant of Shangshu, and also served as the assistant minister and became the prime minister. Song Huizong made Cai Jing a prince, a surname, and a duke of Lu. Cai Jing lost his post as prime minister for the third time.

In April of the sixth year of Zhenghe (AD 1116), He Zhizhong became an official. Lin Lingsu, a Taoist priest, told Song Huizong that Song Huizong was the eldest son of God, the king of God’s clouds and jade, and came down to be emperor. Cai Jing, an immortal of Zuo Yuan, came down to assist Song Huizong in governing the world. Song Huizong was convinced of this, claiming to be the "leader of Daojun Emperor" and ordering Cai Jing to take charge of the affairs of Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu provinces.

This is Cai Jing’s fourth term as prime minister. In June of the second year of Xuanhe (AD 1120), Cai Jing was removed from the post of prime minister for the fourth time.

At this point, Cai Jing is seventy-four years old. Cai Jing was removed from the post of Prime Minister this time, nominally because of his old age, but actually because of his opposition to the Northern Expedition of Liao. The person who succeeded the post of prime minister, whose name was Wang Fu, was a troublemaker. Wang Fu served as prime minister for four years, and the Northern Song Dynasty was constantly in trouble. First, Fang La uprising, and then United Jin to destroy Liao.

Although Cai Jing has resigned, his policy of collecting money has gradually produced serious consequences. According to Cai Jing’s policy of accumulating wealth, officials at all levels plundered the people’s wealth, and the people couldn’t live any longer, raising flags in succession to rebel.

Fang La raised his arms and responded everywhere, and many private tea dealers and salt dealers defected to Fang La. Within a few days, the rebel army grew to one hundred thousand people. With troops, Fang La began to attack the city, and the insurgents were invincible, robbing rich rooms and killing officials everywhere. In December, the rebels occupied Muzhou (now Chun ‘an County, Zhejiang Province) and Shezhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province), and conquered Hangzhou, the southeast town of the Northern Song Dynasty. At this point, the number of the uprising people is close to one million, and the four sides are shocked.

In order to whitewash the peace, Prime Minister Wang Fu concealed the truth. In the imperial history, Chen Guoting believed that Wang Nai’s concealment of military intelligence was the main reason for the spread of the uprising. In his recital to Song Huizong, he said: "To Cai Jing, the man who was the coach, and Wang Fu, the man who raised the coach, if these two men are taken down for questioning, then the coach will be even."

When Song Huizong heard the news, he immediately wrote a letter to himself, ordered the abolition of Hua Shigang, cancelled the artificial bureau, exempted the public and private debts in the uprising area, and refused to accept land tax for three years.

The Fang La Uprising was brutally suppressed, and the court spent a lot of money. The financial situation of the Northern Song Dynasty was even more tense, and the life of the people was even more difficult.

In the first year of Zhenghe (AD 1111), Tong Guan went to Liao. There was a Han official named Ma Zhi in Liao country who was dissatisfied with Liao dynasty. When Ma Zhi met Tong Guan, he presented Tong Guan with the plan of uniting the gold to destroy Liao. In the fifth year of Zhenghe (AD 1115), Ma Zhi fled to the Song Dynasty, met Song Huizong, and once again put forward the idea of uniting Jin to destroy Liao.

At this time, the state of Jin became stronger and stronger, while the state of Liao gradually declined. Liao country is no longer a concern, but Jin country has become the main threat of Song Dynasty. Therefore, many scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty opposed the alliance of Jin and Liao. However, sixteen prefectures was in the hands of Liao State, which made the northern border of Song Dynasty have no danger to defend. Recovering sixteen prefectures is the greatest wish of the Song Dynasty for a long time. At this time, the decline of Liao’s national strength seemed to be the best time for the Northern Song Dynasty to recover sixteen prefectures. Faced with such a huge temptation, Song Huizong couldn’t resist, and finally accepted Ma Zhi’s idea of destroying Liao with gold, and gave Ma Zhi the royal Zhao surname. Ma Zhi was renamed Zhao Liangsi.

In the first month of the fifth year of Zhenghe (AD 1115), Akuta proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Daikin. In September, Jin Jun captured Huanglongfu (now Nong ‘an County, Jilin Province), a military town in Liao, and Emperor Tianzuo of Liao led 700,000 troops to counterattack Huanglongfu. As a result, the Liao army was defeated.

In March of the second year of Xuanhe (A.D. 1120), Zhao Liangsi met Akuta from Dengzhou (now Penglai City, Shandong Province), and the two sides reached an agreement: Jin Jun attacked Liaozhongjing (now Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), and Song Jun attacked Liaoning Nanjing, also known as Yanjing (now Beijing); After Song Jun captured Yanjing, Yanjing and the prefectures under its control belonged to the Song Dynasty, which transferred 500,000 pieces of silver silk originally given to the Liao Dynasty to the rulers. This agreement is known in history as "Song, Jin, Xuan and Maritime Alliance". With the Covenant, 8 Jin Army began to attack Liao without any worries, while Song Jun was transferred to suppress the Fang La uprising.

In the first month of the fourth year of Xuanhe (AD 1122), 8 Jin Army broke through Liaozhongjing; In March, the Jin army attacked western Liaoning. At this point, Liao Wujing has lost four, and only Yanjing exists. Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to Jiashan (now Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), and Jin Jun concentrated his forces on pursuit, so he had no time to take care of Yanjing. At this point, Tong Guan has wiped out the Fang La uprising. Therefore, Song Huizong appointed Tong Guan as the Xuanfu envoy of Hebei and Hedong, and Cai You, the eldest son of Cai Jing, as the deputy envoy, and became the general commander of Zhongshi Daodu, leading an army of 150,000, attacking Yanjing and launching the Battle of Yanshan.

The national strength was weak, the Chaogang was corrupted, and the war broke out again, and another eunuch of Song Huizong, Li Yan, caused a great disaster to Song Huizong. Li Yan checked the fields in the northwest, confiscated more than 34,300 hectares of land of the people, and killed more than 1,000 people with sticks, resulting in countless bankrupts. As a result, people in JD.COM and Hebei rebelled, making it more difficult for the court to stabilize the situation.

Cai Jing has lost his position as prime minister because of his opposition to uniting Jin to destroy Liao. There was a covenant between Song and Liao, which lasted for a hundred years. At this time, the war ends together, and the future was unpredictable. Cai You, the son, went to fight against Liao, and Cai Jing was sad and gave a poem to his son:

The lazy man is not free in body and mind, and the letter is sent with tears.

A hundred years of faith and oath should be deeply read, and the three-volt sign should be combined with less rest.

Seeing the standard like yesterday’s dream, I feel deeply worried.

It’s full of breeze in the clothing hall, and I’ll come back early and get drunk.

With the ups and downs of Cai Jing’s official career, the amount of pawn money in circulation is also increasing, and inflation is intensifying. The price of rice has risen to about 400 to 1,500 per stone, which is about three to five times higher than the price of 100 to 300 per stone in the early Northern Song Dynasty. The price of silk rose to about 2,000 Wen per horse, which was about twice as high as that of about 1,000 Wen per horse in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Serious inflation has made people’s lives increasingly difficult, and the voice of opposition to Cai Jing in the DPRK is growing. When the nomads from the army attacked Taiyuan and nearly forced the capital, and Song Huizong gave Song Qinzong a Zen position, Taixue invited the imperial court to kill Cai Jing to thank the world.

After Song Qinzong ascended the throne, he demoted Cai Jing once and then, and a few months later he demoted Cai Jing to Hainan Island for resettlement. However, Cai Jing failed to reach Hainan Island and fell ill and died halfway to Changsha. A few months after Cai Jing’s death, the nomads from the army invaded Kaifeng and took Song Huizong and Song Qinzong to the north. As a result, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and the circulation of ten coins finally came to an end.

(This article is excerpted from "Taking Wealth from the People: Eight Great Ministers in the History of China")

By Shi Junzhi

Seize the wealth from the people

CITIC Publishing House published in September.

About the author: Shi Junzhi, Ph.D. in History from Beijing Normal University, J.D. from China Renmin University, Ph.D. in Economics from Tsinghua University, and a scholar in the history of monetary law in China. Researcher, Institute of Finance, China Academy of Social Sciences, General Manager of National Trust Company Limited.

He has held senior management positions in the International Business Department of China Bank Head Office, China Bank London Branch, China Merchants Bank Head Office, Orient Asset Management Company and Bohai Bank Head Office, and has 25 years of financial practice and management experience. He is the executive director of China Institute of International Finance, tutor and part-time professor for master students of Central University of Finance and Economics, tutor and part-time professor for master students of graduate department of China People’s Bank, tutor and part-time professor for master students of Hunan University Law School, and member of the editorial board of Translation of Financial Works of China Financial Publishing House.

　

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Stick to the new era and work hard for a new journey. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party pointed out that we should deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, speed up the layout optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, promote the state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better and bigger, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.

On November 28th, Hangzhou State-owned Capital Investment and Operation Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Hangzhou Capital"), the first municipal state-owned capital investment and operation platform in Hangzhou, celebrated its fourth anniversary. Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, Hangzhou Capital resolutely implements the decision-making arrangements of the municipal party committee and municipal government, bases itself on the functional orientation of "strategic investment platform, state-owned capital value management platform and state-owned state-owned enterprise deepening reform service platform", strives for innovation, gives full play to the leading role and amplification effect of state-owned capital, and helps Hangzhou’s industrial transformation and urban comprehensive energy level improvement with the optimized layout of state-owned economy, which is demonstrated in the practice of vigorously promoting "two firsts" in Hangzhou.

Be stronger and bigger, speed up the construction of a new development pattern

Accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and focus on promoting high-quality development. Four years ago, Hangzhou Capital came into being.

As the first "two-type company" at the municipal level, Hangzhou Capital is positioned as "the promoter of state-owned enterprise reform and the guide of industrial transformation", assisting the SASAC to perform the responsibilities of investor and carry out the operation of state-owned capital, implement the strategic adjustment of state-owned capital, and improve the allocation efficiency and operation quality of state-owned capital. Focusing on the functions of the three platforms, the company has built a "one body and two wings" business pattern of headquarters+investment and operation, and carried out state-owned capital operation management and strategic investment.

After four years’ efforts, by the end of October 2022, the company’s consolidated assets totaled 82.096 billion yuan and its consolidated net assets were 39.893 billion yuan. From January to October 2022, the consolidated revenue was 38.577 billion yuan, up 29.53% year-on-year, and the total consolidated profit was 3.949 billion yuan, up 19.32% year-on-year.

At present, Hangzhou Capital has consolidated 148 subordinate companies through equity transfer, direct investment, establishment of industrial funds, mergers and acquisitions, etc., including 9 key first-tier subsidiaries, including 4 wholly-owned subsidiaries, 5 holding companies, and 6 shareholding companies, with double AAA main credit rating. It is the largest shareholder of listed companies Hangyang Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Turbine Power Group Co., Ltd. and Digital Source Technology Co., Ltd., and the second shareholder of East China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Guided by the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hangzhou is paying close attention to the primary task of high-quality development. Efforts will be made to build five industrial ecological circles, to build a modern service industry system focusing on "two places and four centers", to strive for a comprehensive national science center, and to build the first choice for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. As a new force to promote high-quality industrial development in Hangzhou, Hangzhou Capital, driven by studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, systematically grasps the new mission and tasks entrusted to state-owned enterprises, and strives to contribute to building a Chinese-style modern city model.

Capital empowerment to build a strategic investment platform

In May this year, with the cooperation of Hangzhou Capital, Sequoia China RMB Seventh Science and Technology Fund signed a contract to land in Hangzhou. Relying on its rich international innovation resources, Sequoia China hopes to build an empowerment platform in Hangzhou, focusing on the fields of science and technology, medical care and health, consumer services, etc., and leveraging the long-term experience of excavating and incubating in professional fields to help innovative enterprises grow, it will inject surging power into Hangzhou’s innovation ecology. Recently, the CEO Summit of Sequoia Capital was held in Hangzhou. This is the first time that Sequoia Capital has held a summit in a city other than Shenzhen and Guangzhou. It also reflects internationally renowned investment institutions and is optimistic about Hangzhou, a city of innovation and vitality.

Innovation wins. To fully implement the new development concept, we must lead high-quality development with innovation drive and build new kinetic energy for industrial development and economic development with innovation drive. Hangzhou Capital actively plays the role of a strategic investment platform, undertakes the establishment and management of the Hangzhou Innovation Fund with a scale of 100 billion, is responsible for investing in strategic emerging industries, practices the role of a leader in industrial transformation, and exerts the leading role and amplification effect of state-owned capital through direct investment and fund investment, so as to promote the development of more social capital to key industries in Hangzhou.

Focusing on the need of optimizing the industrial layout and upgrading the industrial energy level in Hangzhou, Hangzhou Capital actively carries out strategic investment to boost the development of "concentration, accumulation and cluster" of the industry. Up to now, 40 foreign investment projects have been completed, with a total investment of 25.728 billion yuan, including 16.807 billion yuan from the fund and 8.921 billion yuan from the project, with a total investment of 9.739 billion yuan. Hangzhou Innovation Fund, which took the lead in establishing and operating, has established 13 funds, with a total scale exceeding 62.73 billion yuan, including 2 industry parent funds with a scale of 25 billion yuan; There are 7 sub-funds with a scale of 22.645 billion yuan; There are 4 special sub-funds with a scale of 15.085 billion yuan. It has reached cooperation with a number of head institutions such as Sequoia Capital, CITIC Group, CICC Capital and Tiger Bio. The investment has landed a number of high-quality projects, which has effectively boosted the layout development of Hangzhou in integrated circuits, digital economy, biomedicine, new energy and other industries.

Recruit big, attract strong, and lay out five industrial chains at a high position

Seizing the commanding heights of emerging industries is to win the initiative of future development.

Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China, proposed to promote the development of strategic emerging industries integration clusters and build a number of new growth engines such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment and environmental protection.

Today’s investment promotion is tomorrow’s industry. Hangzhou Capital gives full play to its own characteristic advantages, relies on the linkage between cities and districts and its own industrial advantages, actively attracts major industrial projects to land in Hangzhou around the five major industrial chains, and promotes the construction of characteristic industrial parks and incubators with the concept of "one industry, one park, one fund".

Recently, the zero-run car that landed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange handed over its first report card. In the first three quarters, the company achieved revenue of 4.288 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 398.5%, and the delivery of new cars will soon exceed 100,000 units. The rapid development of zero-running cars is also inseparable from the good industrial ecology created by Hangzhou. The new project of zero-run automobile intelligent factory has blossomed in Hangzhou, among which Hangzhou Capital dominates the support of 3 billion yuan strategic investment in urban areas. The new project of Zero Run New Energy Vehicle Intelligent Factory in Dajiangdong is currently under construction. The total investment of the project is 4 billion yuan, and it is planned to start production in 2023. Hangzhou’s vigorously developed new energy automobile industry will add new kinetic energy.

Recruit big and attract strong, and the project is king. Up to now, Hangzhou Innovation Fund has invested in 35 projects in Hangzhou, such as Shimai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Anbang Security Co., Ltd., inciting the total scale of social capital to 16.206 billion yuan, and actively tracking and promoting a number of major industrial projects.

Hangzhou Innovation Fund closely focuses on five industrial chains, namely intelligent IOT, biomedicine, high-end equipment, new materials and green energy, to realize the integration of "fund chain, innovation chain and industrial chain" and build an industrial chain and ecological circle with voice and competitiveness. In the intelligent IOT industry, it participates in the Pre-IPO round of financing of central control information, provides the overall solution of smart city construction in the whole life cycle, and plans to declare the IPO of GEM; In terms of biomedicine, we participated in Tiger Biomedical Fund and Beida Biomedical Fund, focusing on innovative medical devices, biomedicine, medical informationization, medical services and other fields to promote the transformation and upgrading of Hangzhou’s life and health industry; In terms of high-end equipment, the industrial chain layout of upstream materials, equipment, midstream chip design and downstream wafer foundry has been completed; In terms of new materials, through the sub-fund investment of 100 million yuan to support the research and development innovation of Jingjing New Materials Technology Company; In terms of green energy, we will actively connect with projects such as China Forestry Group and Carbon Exchange.

Deepening reform, innovation and development of state-owned enterprises and increasing vitality

Reform promotes development, and work hard to undertake the mission. As a product of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, Hangzhou Capital actively promotes the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, adheres to the strategic positioning of excellent state-owned capital value management platform, gives full play to the role of active shareholders, stimulates the vitality of subordinate enterprises through reform, and empowers state-owned enterprises to innovate and develop.

Hangzhou Capital helps enterprises to become bigger and stronger through equity operation management, and participates in the capital increase and share expansion of Hangzhou Oxygen Special Gas Co., Ltd. to introduce strategic investors, so as to help Hangzhou Oxygen Co., Ltd. seize market opportunities to make the special gas business sector better and stronger; Overall planning for deepening the reform work of Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group, laying the foundation for the company and enterprises in the system to set sail for the next step; Promote the construction of East China Pharmaceutical Life and Health Industrial Park, attract innovative drug research and development project teams, and become a new highland of biomedicine. The equity incentive plan for employees of Hangzhou Oxygen, Hangzhou Steam Turbine and Huadong Pharmaceutical has greatly stimulated the development vitality of enterprises. Hangzhou Capital also actively participated in the mixed reform of central and local enterprises under the State Grid, and invested in Hangzhou Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. Through a series of measures, the core competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and anti-risk ability of enterprises owned by Hangzhou Capital have been significantly improved. At present, Hangzhou Capital has owned four "Kunpeng" enterprises, namely Hangzhou Oxygen, Hangzhou Steam Turbine, East China Medicine and Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Company, and four "Little Giant" enterprises specializing in specialty and novelty.

Guided by scientific and technological innovation, the development of enterprises has continuously enhanced its vitality. Hangyang Group accelerated the transformation to service-oriented manufacturing industry, achieved new breakthroughs in the fields of new energy, new materials and hydrogen energy, was selected as the national "Science and Technology Reform Demonstration Enterprise" and was identified as the national benchmark enterprise by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council; Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group successfully developed 1.5 million tons/year industrial steam turbine for driving ethylene plant, setting a new record for the first set in the world, and entered the commanding heights of gas turbine research and development in the industry, and achieved phased results; Hangzhou Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. completed the research and development of uninterrupted operation products and new mobile energy storage vehicles; Digital Hangzhou Company helps Hangzhou’s urban brain construction, develops and operates epidemic prevention site codes, and promotes Hangzhou to build a global digital transformation highland.

Mining value from shutting down and turning back. Hangzhou Capital set up a unified disposal platform for inefficient and ineffective assets at the municipal level, launched a special campaign to clean up small and weak state-owned enterprises, gradually accepted the equity and physical assets that are difficult to be disposed of by municipal state-owned enterprises through vertical integration, horizontal merger and entrusted disposal, and actively explored and promoted the deepening of market-oriented disposal mode. At present, 21 equity assets and 13 physical assets have been disposed of, and the state-owned assets have been revitalized by over 180 million yuan.

Keep in mind the mission and join hands in the new journey of common prosperity

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese modernization. With the mission of state-owned and state-owned enterprises, Do not forget your initiative mind, the capital of Hangzhou, actively fulfilled its social responsibilities, and made positive efforts in supporting the prevention and control of first-line epidemics, uniting villages and towns, Spring Breeze Action, helping enterprises to bail out difficulties, and fully safeguarding the Asian Games, and bravely shouldered the responsibility of state-owned enterprises.

Recently, Hangzhou Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hangzhou Capital, received a thank-you letter from Baojia Village, Langchuan Township, Chun ‘an County. Hangzhou Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. combined with its own technical characteristics and advantages, installed complete sets of photovoltaic power generation equipment for the party-mass service center building in Baojia Village. The company also invested about 172 million yuan to build the Maoshangang centralized photovoltaic power station project in Zhangcun, Zhongzhou Town, Chun ‘an County, and explored the dual-purpose comprehensive use mode of photovoltaic power generation on the shed, planting tea, blueberries and Chinese herbal medicines under the shed to help local farmers get rich.

Hangzhou Capital has integrated the concepts of social responsibility and common prosperity into corporate culture and strategic planning, and realized the "symbiosis and common benefit" between social responsibility and business operation. While helping with real money, sincerity and practical work, Hangzhou Capital has actively promoted wealth with the concept of development, and explored a number of projects featuring common prosperity. For example, important subsidiaries of Hangzhou Capital and System have actively participated in the activities of "Hundred Societies and Hundred Enterprises Building Hundred Villages", and have completed pairing work with nine villages including Changchuan Village, Yinjiang Village, xinfeng village and Yaoshan Village. We also jointly invested in Fuling Technology with jiande city to help introduce high-end manufacturing industry projects.

Strive for a new journey and set sail again. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China sounded the clarion call for building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. Hangzhou Capital will thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, conscientiously implement the important exposition spirit of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, continue to promote the gathering of state-owned capital in the five major industrial chains of our city under the leadership of the municipal party committee and municipal government, and expand the scale and strategic support capacity of Hangzhou Innovation Fund. We will increase investment attraction, support key industries to strengthen the chain and make up the chain, and lay out each subdivision track in depth to lead the layout of state-owned capital to be further optimized. Continue to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and build a world-class enterprise. With the mission of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, we will help Hangzhou to accelerate the construction of a world-class socialist modern international metropolis and show its head geese in the "two firsts".

　　Cctv news: On June 24, 2019, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Han Jun, deputy director of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office and vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Wu Hongyao, member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Secretariat Bureau of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office, introduced the situation of rural governance and answered questions from reporters.

　　Reporter: I have two questions. The first one is about what measures will be taken to standardize small and micro power and prevent fly corruption? The second question is about the hollowing out of villages and the "three left-behind" problems in rural areas. How to arrange the Guiding Opinions and what measures will be taken next?

　　Wu Hongyao:The document clearly stipulates the corruption of small and micro power, that is, the corruption that occurs around the peasants, and also puts forward clear requirements to increase the punishment of small and micro power corruption at the grassroots level. This document emphasizes the need to standardize the operation of small and micro power in rural areas, clarify the legal basis, scope of operation, subject of execution and procedure steps of each power exercise, and establish and improve the supervision system of small and micro power at the same time, so as to form a real-time, multi-network supervision system including mass supervision, supervision committee supervision, superior department supervision, accounting supervision and audit supervision. The document also requires that the grass-roots power in rural areas should be closely organized to run a "clean government protection network", that micro-corruption in rural areas should be vigorously rectified, that rural inspections should be promoted, and that corrupt acts that infringe on farmers’ interests should be seriously investigated and punished. In this regard, key rectification has also been carried out in the special struggle to eliminate evils deployed throughout the country.

　　Han Jun:On the issue of "three left behind", with the rapid advancement of urbanization, the rural population continues to decrease, and the problem of "three left behind" in rural areas in some places has become increasingly prominent. The key to solving the problem of "three left-behind" is to establish and improve the care service system of "three left-behind", which is emphasized in the No.1 document of the Central Committee every year and is constantly advancing. The Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Rural Governance also puts forward some requirements for doing this work well.

　　Generally speaking, the first thing is to give full play to the role of the government, and the government should shoulder its due responsibilities and continue to increase investment. Secondly, we should give full play to the role of society, especially the role of social workers, including volunteers. This is also a key area. In recent years, there have been many good explorations. It can be said that a very strong atmosphere has been formed in mobilizing social forces to participate in the establishment of the "three left-behind" care service system. The next step is to promote these good experiences, and to encourage and commend those who have made contributions.

　　To solve the problem of "three left-behind", we should also emphasize the family’s due responsibilities. For example, for left-behind children, it is necessary to emphasize the responsibility of parents in rural families to support their children. In a word, the caring service system can only be truly established if a mechanism of government responsibility, social participation and family responsibility is formed.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision held a news briefing today (23rd) to publicize the investigation and handling of six food safety cases of public concern. Since April, food safety problems have been exposed in "Xiaolongkan" hot pot restaurant, "Mi Xue Bing Cheng" milk tea shop, "Wallace" fast food shop, "Yang Guofu" mala Tang shop, "Naixue Tea" milk tea shop and "RT Mart" supermarket, which have aroused widespread concern in society. The General Administration of Market Supervision attaches great importance to it and quickly guides and coordinates local market supervision departments to carry out verification and disposal according to law; With the determination of "zero tolerance", local market supervision departments have severely and promptly investigated and dealt with violations of laws and regulations, conducted comprehensive investigations by analogy, and resolutely eliminated potential food safety risks.

　　1. The market supervision departments of Shandong Province and Sichuan Province investigated the situation of Xiaolongkan Hot Pot Restaurant.

　　After learning the clue that Xiaolongkan Hot Pot Restaurant in Jinan used black workshops to process fake "fresh duck blood", the market supervision department of Shandong Province immediately joined the public security organs to carry out surprise inspections on the stores involved, controlled the persons in charge of the "black dens" and employees on the spot, sealed up the black dens that processed fake "fresh duck blood", and investigated the production enterprises of edible livestock and poultry blood products in Shandong Province, sampled the blood products and conducted a comprehensive investigation on the hot pot restaurant. At present, 317 cases have been ordered to be corrected, 36 cases have been put on file for investigation, and 2 suspects of "black dens" and 15 employees of catering service units have been investigated for legal responsibility according to law; The top penalty was imposed on 20 illegal catering service units, and a fine of 2.506 million yuan was proposed.

　　On April 26th, the three-level market supervision departments of Sichuan Province, Chengdu City and Jinjiang District jointly inspected the store headquarters involved — — Chengdu Xiaolongkan Catering Management Co., Ltd. conducted an interview and asked the company to implement the main responsibility of food safety, learn a lesson profoundly, and make inferences in a timely manner.

　　 Second, the market supervision department of Henan Province investigated and dealt with the situation of Mi Xue Bing Cheng milk tea shop

　　On May 14th, the market supervision department of Henan Province immediately conducted an on-site inspection of the stores involved after learning the clues of food safety problems such as the use of expired food raw materials in the Mi Xue Bing Cheng tea shop in Zhengzhou, confiscated the expired food raw materials and illegal income, and fined 90,000 yuan. From May 15th to 16th, the market supervision department of Henan Province conducted a comprehensive investigation on 1,791 Mi Xue Bing Cheng stores in Henan Province, ordered 5 stores to suspend business for rectification, and imposed administrative penalties on 9 stores.

　　 Third, BeijingcityThe market supervision department of Shanghai investigated and dealt with Wallace’s fast food restaurant.

　　On July 17, the Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Department immediately conducted on-site inspection on the stores involved after learning the clues of food safety problems such as the continued use of fried chicken in Wallace fast food restaurant in Beijing, and investigated and dealt with the existing violations of laws and regulations. The food business license of the stores involved was revoked according to law, and the main person in charge of the stores was fined 195,700 yuan and the direct person in charge was fined 36,800 yuan.

　　On July 18th, the market supervision departments of Beijing and Shanghai conducted a comprehensive investigation of Wallace stores and their raw material distribution centers within their respective jurisdictions, ordered 17 stores to be rectified on the spot, and filed 11 cases for investigation.

　　Four, Guangdong Province and other 11 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) market supervision departments to investigate and deal with the situation of Yang Guofu Mala Tang shop.

　　On July 24th, the market supervision department of Guangdong Province immediately conducted on-site inspection of Yang Guofu Mala Tang Store after learning the clues of food safety problems such as unclean soup, and filed an investigation against its illegal behavior, and sealed up the store involved, confiscated the illegal income and fined 50,000 yuan.

　　On July 26th, under the overall guidance of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the market supervision departments of 11 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong and Henan comprehensively investigated 3,323 mala Tang stores in Yang Guofu, ordered 841 to rectify, warned 5 and filed 24 cases for investigation.

　　V. Beijing MunicipalityMarket supervision department,The market supervision department of Guangdong Province investigated and dealt with the situation of tea and milk tea shops in Naixue.

　　On August 2nd, the Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Department immediately conducted an on-site inspection on the shops involved after learning the clues of food safety problems such as the processing and use of rotten fruits in Beijing’s "Naixue Tea" milk tea shop, and filed a case for investigation and punishment for its illegal acts. It is planned to impose a top fine of 100,000 yuan on the two shops involved, and a fine of 250,000 yuan and a fine of 280,000 yuan on the two shop managers respectively.

　　On August 3rd, Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Department and Guangdong Provincial Market Supervision Department comprehensively investigated 1811 tea and similar stores in Naixue area, ordered 50 stores to be rectified, warned 2 stores, and filed 23 cases for investigation.

　　Six, Shandong market supervision departments to investigate the situation of supermarkets in RT Mart.

　　On August 16th, the market supervision department of Shandong Province immediately ordered the stores involved to take all the pork off the shelves and stop selling, and seized 860 kilograms of cold and fresh pork products on the spot after learning the clue that RT Mart Supermarket in Jinan was "smelly and washed overnight and then sold" discovered by the media. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the stores involved and file a case for investigation. At present, the investigation work is being further carried out; All 12 batches of samples, such as chilled pork seized on site, were sampled and tested. The market supervision department of Shandong Province organized an interview with the person in charge of the store in North China and the person in charge of the store, requiring all 41 stores in Shandong Province to stop selling self-operated meat and carry out self-inspection. After the self-inspection and rectification of each store is completed, it can be resold only after the local market supervision department checks that it meets the requirements.

　　Among the investigation results of the above-mentioned notified cases, due to administrative law enforcement procedures and time, some cases have not yet formed a final punishment decision. The General Administration of Market Supervision will further urge and guide the relevant market supervision departments to investigate and deal with them as soon as possible.

　　In the next step, the market supervision department will continue to make full use of supervision and inspection, sampling monitoring, media supervision, complaints and reports to find hidden dangers of food safety risks, and comprehensively use credit joint punishment and other means to implement the strictest supervision on offenders and related upstream and downstream producers and operators. Hit the exposed problems immediately, impose the most severe punishment on the offenders, and resolutely "punish people" and let the offenders pay the price. (CCTV reporter Li Jingjing)

In terms of appearance, as a mid-term redesigned model, the design of the 2020 BMW x8 is basically the same as that of the models on sale. The new car adopts a brand-new "diffusion sports kit", equipped with a black kidney-shaped middle net, and the sides, roof and rims are all dark. The rear of the car adopts a brand-new design, the shape of the long and narrow led taillights echoes the headlights, and the exhaust adopts a two-way layout.

Entering the car, the interior design is also full of luxury and exquisiteness. The car body is covered with a large area of leather, bright chrome trim, carbon fiber trim, leather and chrome elements, creating a very luxurious interior atmosphere. The full LCD instrument panel, three-position flat-bottomed, suspended LCD central control panel and chicken-leg electronic shift lever all create the ultimate sense of technology for the car.

The length of the BMW X7 is 5170mm, the width of the car body reaches 2000mm and the wheelbase is 3105mm, which is quite satisfactory. Among the models of the same class, the wheelbase of the BMW X7 ranks 21st. This size exceeds most models in its class. The actual interior space performance is also very good. From the actual ride experience, the front and rear rows are relatively spacious. The skylight of BMW X7xDrive M60i provides a wider view, which can create a better visual environment and good sensitivity for the rear passengers, and increase the light entrance for the whole vehicle. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of BMW X7 ranks 135th. The shape is very regular, and the storage volume is absolutely no problem for daily use.

The BMW X7 is equipped with a 4.4 engine with a maximum output of 390kW and a maximum torque of 750Nm. 4.4 The power performance of the engine on the BMW X7 is quite satisfactory, and the low torque is weak and the hysteresis can be felt. The official measured acceleration of BMW X7 is 4.7S, ranking 88th among SUV models with more than 800,000.

The active/passive safety configuration of BMW X7 is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In order to get a more comprehensive and objective understanding of BMW X7, you can go to the BMW X7 forum and browse the messages of users who have bought the car in history.

With the aggravation of aging, the data of cancer patients around the world began to increase. As the world’s most populous country, China’s cancer data is not optimistic. No matter the number of new cases or deaths, China ranks first in the world.

According to the latest global cancer burden data in 2020 recently released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization,China has become a veritable "cancer country".

In 2020, there were 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, including 2.48 million males and 2.09 million females. In 2020, there were 3 million cancer deaths in China, including 1.82 million males and 1.18 million females.

This is much higher than the previously published data. Let’s take a look at the specific data analysis of China:

Both climbed to the top: China ranked first in the world in new cases and deaths.

In 2020, there will be 19.29 million new cancer cases in the world, including 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, accounting for 23.7% of the world. As China is the world’s most populous country, the number of new cancer cases far exceeds that of other countries in the world.

The top ten countries with new cancer cases are: China 4.57 million, the United States 2.28 million, India 1.32 million, Japan 1.03 million, Germany 630,000, Brazil 590,000, Russia 590,000, France 470,000, Britain 460,000 and Italy 420,000.

Number of new cancer cases in various countries in 2020

In 2020, there will be 9.96 million cancer deaths worldwide, including 3 million cancer deaths in China, accounting for 30% of the total cancer deaths, mainly due to the large number of cancer patients in China, which ranks first in the world.

The top ten countries with cancer deaths in 2020 are: China 3 million, India 850,000, the United States 610,000, Japan 420,000, Russia 310,000, Brazil 260,000, Germany 250,000, Indonesia 230,000, France 190,000 and Britain 180,000.

Number of cancer deaths in various countries in 2020

The supremacy of lung cancer is unshakable, and the death toll is far ahead.

In 2020, there will be 4.57 million new cases of cancer in China. Breast cancer ranks first in the world, but it ranks fourth after lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer in China.

In 2020, the top ten cancers in China are: lung cancer 820,000, colorectal cancer 560,000, gastric cancer 480,000, breast cancer 420,000, liver cancer 410,000, esophageal cancer 320,000, thyroid cancer 220,000, pancreatic cancer 120,000, prostate cancer 120,000 and cervical cancer 110,000, which account for 78% of new cancers.

The Top Ten Cancer Types of New Cancer Cases in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of cancer deaths in China is 3 million, and the number of lung cancer deaths is far ahead, reaching 710,000, accounting for 23.8% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer deaths in China in 2020 are: lung cancer 710,000, liver cancer 390,000, gastric cancer 370,000, esophageal cancer 300,000, colorectal cancer 290,000, pancreatic cancer 120,000, breast cancer 120,000, nervous system cancer 70,000, leukemia 60,000 and cervical cancer 60,000, which account for 83% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer types of cancer deaths in China in 2020

China male data: lung cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer are still in the mountains.

In 2020, the number of new cancer cases among men in China is 2.48 million, accounting for 54% of the total, among which lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer are the most common.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of male cancer cases in China are: lung cancer 540,000, gastric cancer 330,000, colorectal cancer 320,000, liver cancer 300,000, esophageal cancer 220,000, prostate cancer 120,000, pancreatic cancer 70,000, bladder cancer 70,000, thyroid cancer 50,000 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 50,000, which account for 84% of new male cancers.

Top Ten Cancer Types of Male Cancer Cases in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of male cancer deaths in China was 1.82 million, accounting for 61% of the total, with lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer accounting for the most deaths.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of male cancer deaths in China are: lung cancer 470,000, liver cancer 290,000, gastric cancer 260,000, esophageal cancer 210,000, colorectal cancer 160,000, pancreatic cancer 70,000, prostate cancer 50,000, leukemia 40,000, nervous system cancer 30,000 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 30,000, which account for 88% of the total cancer deaths.

The Top Ten Cancer Types of Male Cancer Death Cases in China in 2020

Women in China: New breast cancer surpassed lung cancer and topped the list.

In 2020, the number of new cancer cases among women in China is 2.09 million, accounting for 46% of the total, with breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer accounting for the largest number.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of new cases of female cancer in China are: breast cancer 420,000, lung cancer 280,000, colorectal cancer 240,000, thyroid cancer 170,000, gastric cancer 150,000, cervical cancer 110,000, liver cancer 110,000, esophageal cancer 100,000, endometrial cancer 80,000 and ovarian cancer 60,000, which account for 81% of new cases of female cancer.

Top Ten Cancer Types of New Cases of Female Cancer in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of female cancer deaths in China is 1.18 million, accounting for 39% of the total, with lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer accounting for the most deaths.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of female cancer deaths in China are: lung cancer 240,000, colorectal cancer 120,000, gastric cancer 120,000, breast cancer 120,000, liver cancer 100,000, esophageal cancer 90,000, cervical cancer 60,000, pancreatic cancer 50,000, ovarian cancer 40,000 and nervous system cancer 30,000, which account for 83% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer types of female cancer deaths in China in 2020.

Globally, due to the aging of the population, it is estimated that the cancer burden will increase by 50% in 2040 compared with 2020, and the number of new cancer cases will reach nearly 30 million. This is most obvious in countries undergoing social and economic transformation.

For China, bringing cancer prevention and treatment intervention into the health plan will help to reduce the cancer burden in the future, and at the same time promote the development of innovative anti-cancer drugs. A two-pronged approach of "prevention and treatment" can better reduce the cancer burden and protect people’s health.

Recently, Academician He Jie and Professor Chen Wanqing from the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences led the publication of a heavy paper in The Lancet-Global Health.Aiming at China population, the incidence rate of 23 main cancer risks in China was analyzed.

The paper also further analyzes the proportion of cancer caused by various cancer risks in mainland provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. When the public is facing these invisible killers around them, how should they actively respond and break them one by one?

Common carcinogenic factors in China can be divided into five categories and 23 risk factors (see the table below for details):

Proportion of cancer risk caused by various carcinogenic factors in provinces and cities

by23 avoidable causes of cancerProportion ranking, from high to low, the top five areHeilongjiang, Guangdong, Jilin, Hubei, Inner Mongolia; The five lowest proportions areGansu, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet and ShanghaiAmong them, only 35.2% of cancer deaths in Shanghai are the lowest in the country.

Among the adults aged 20 and over, 1.036 million people in China die of various cancers caused by 23 major carcinogenic factors every year, accounting for 45.2% of all cancer deaths aged 20 and over (about 2.29 million people).

In other words, 45.2% of cancer deaths in China can be avoided as long as 23 carcinogenic factors are well controlled.

This means nearly 1.036 million preventable cancers. What should we do?

Do these seven points and break the 23 invisible killers!

Quitting smoking is a top priority

The best cancer prevention strategy about smoking is never to smoke.

The biggest risk for women in six provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China is smoking, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and Anhui. For a long time, the incidence of lung cancer among women in Northeast China is relatively high, which is closely related to their high smoking rate.

In Guizhou and Yunnan, the proportion of male smokers accounts for 62.1% and 61.4%, and these two provinces also happen to be the provinces with the highest dependence on the tobacco industry.

For existing smokers, "the degree of risk reduction depends on the number of years you smoked and the number of cigarettes you smoked before quitting smoking." If you smoke for less than five years (no more than one pack a day), the risk of cancer is low. As long as you quit smoking, you will reduce your risk and get health benefits.

Smokers often retort: "I know that people who never smoke will still get lung cancer." Why should I quit smoking? " However, the scientific reality is that the less you smoke, the less chance you have of getting lung cancer.

If people adopt the living habits of low-risk groups, especially quitting smoking, about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths can be avoided. Since 1991, the cancer mortality rate in the United States has decreased by 26%, more than half of which is attributed to the decline in smoking rate.

Suggestions: 1. Quitting smoking is beneficial to people of any age. 2. Smoking shortens life expectancy by more than ten years. If you quit smoking before the age of 40, you can get back 9 years of life.

② Control drinking.

Alcohol is a class 1 carcinogen, and one out of every 18 cancers is related to drinking. There is ample evidence that alcohol will increase the risk of cancer in the oropharynx, larynx, esophagus (scale), stomach, liver, colorectal and breast, and some studies show that alcohol may also cause lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and skin cancer.

Tibet and Inner Mongolia are both famous for their boldness in drinking, and the proportion of cancer caused by drinking ranks first and second. Ningxia has the lowest proportion in the country, only 9%. Coincidentally, Hui people don’t drink.

The Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016 edition) suggests that men should not drink more than 25 grams of alcohol a day and women should not drink more than 15 grams, otherwise it is excessive drinking.

What is the concept of 25 grams of alcohol? Probably converted, please write down: white wine, no more than 1 Liang at a time; No more than one bottle of beer at a time; Red wine is limited to about one red wine glass at a time.

③ weight control

Obesity not only increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, bone and joint diseases, but also increases the risk of cancer. Pancreatic cancer is especially mentioned here, which is not only related to obesity, but also related to diabetes.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is higher in developed areas as a whole. Among women in Beijing, 6.7% are related to diabetes, which is the highest in the country. The proportions in Shanxi, Jiangxi and Guangxi are much lower. For example, only 1.5% of female pancreatic cancer in Jiangxi is related to diabetes.

The relationship between various cancers and obesity is detailed in the table
Weight is kept within the standard BMI (body mass index), that is, 18.5 ~ 23.9.
Ps: body mass index (BMI)= weight (kg)÷ height 2 (m)

In addition, the waist circumference of men should be controlled within 90 cm; Women’s waistlines should not exceed 80 cm.

④ Healthy diet

Bacon, ham, sausage and hot dog are all listed as the first group carcinogens by the World Health Organization. Eating processed meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%.

Red meat can also shorten people’s life span and increase the risk of colon cancer, especially when the meat is roasted or barbecued, or even slightly burned. Although the cancer risk of red meat is far less than that of smoking, reducing the intake of red meat and limiting the consumption of processed meat will only reduce your risk of cancer.

As a whole, the first cancer risk factor in China is insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, accounting for 15.6%, which is also the first risk factor for women in 14 provinces in China.

Dietary Guidelines for China Residents recommends eating 300-500g vegetables and 200-350g fresh fruits every day. Here, it should be emphasized that vegetables should be "non-starch vegetables", that is, vegetables that are not mainly starch, including all kinds of leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli), okra, eggplant, etc., are non-starch vegetables, but do not include potato, sweet potato and yam.

Studies have shown that non-starch vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of many upper respiratory and digestive tract tumors, such as oral cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach and colorectal cancer.

⑤ Increase exercise.

Physical exercise not only helps to lose weight or keep fit, but also has a preventive effect on cancer. Exercise seems to reduce hormone levels, improve the function of our immune system, reduce the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, and also reduce body fat.

Studies have shown that people who take at least 30-60 minutes of moderate to high-intensity physical exercise every day have a lower risk of cancer, especially breast cancer and colon cancer. In addition, the incidence of several other cancers has also decreased, including prostate cancer, lung cancer and endometrial cancer.

In order to prevent cancer, American sports guidelines suggest that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (such as brisk walking) every week; Or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise (such as jogging); Or an equal amount of combination of two movements.

⑥ Stay away from pathogens.

For common infections in general life, the following table is recommended:

⑦ Screening for cancer.

For most cancers, if they can be found and treated early, the survival will be even greater. The following cancer screening should be conducted regularly:

Breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, hepatitis C virus screening, HIV screening, lung cancer screening, obesity and so on.

Source: Medical Elite Society

I want to continue to tell you about another Hong Kong actress on the show.

She is Zheng Xiyi. There are not many shots of Zheng Xiyi in the program, but just a simple picture of getting off the bus is enough to leave a deep impression on the audience.

Nodded to the staff who gave her an umbrella next to her, gentle and handsome, beautiful and quiet.

This way of getting off the bus is very TVB.

Seriously, Zheng Xiyi’s physical condition has great advantages.

He is tall and has long legs. When singing, the gas field is fully open and very pink.

However, it is undeniable that Zheng Xiyi has been in a tepid state during its early development in Hong Kong.

Almost debuted at the same time as twins, but because there was no suitable positioning, they debuted for two years, and the influence of the later women’s group 3T was far less than twins.

However, Zheng Xiyi’s image is changeable, and several singles have different styles.

The electronic dance music "Relative Humidity" is hot and dynamic; "A willing heart" sings the hearts of boys and girls; "Dance! Dance! "Capturing the hearts of a group of boys.

But it was not until 2007 that she released her first Mandarin album — — Shanghai doll.

But at that time, the record industry market was already depressed, and she could only transform.

Focus on the film and television drama market with more room for development.

Although Zheng Xiyi tried to make various TV dramas before 2007, the effect was not as good as her light comedy in TVB.

And this drama has become Zheng Xiyi’s classic masterpiece.

It is — —

the gentle crackdown ii

Zheng Xiyi’s participation in the play actually had an episode.

In 2006, she participated in the live broadcast of TVB’s Happy East China. In the program, she performed the difficult "beauty in the air" project.

Simply put, this project is to swing in the air, and the partner on the other side has to catch her.

Unfortunately, the live broadcast had an accident.

Although her partner Qian Jiale caught Zheng Xiyi, she accidentally ripped off her pants.

Zheng Xiyi accidentally walked out.

At that time, Emperor Entertainment asked TVB to give a statement. Later, in 2007, Zheng Xiyi starred in "A Scholar Fall in Love with a Soldier", with Steven Ma as the "first student in ancient costume".

In fact, no matter in the past or now, there are still many people who have different views on this gossip.

If you don’t take this drama, you can fight for yourself; Taking this drama, it seems that I have no confidence.

But in any case, this is the decision of the parties and the brokerage company.

Personally, as a TV child, from the perspective of TV series, I think "Scholar in Love with Soldiers" is still a bit interesting comedy.

01

funny

As we all know, there are many masterpieces of Liu Jiahao and Mei Xiaoqing, and their best drama is the game of feud between the rich and the poor.

We are familiar with "heart of greed" and "GongXinJi" respectively from their hands.

However, their comedies are also childhood memories.

Mei Xiaoqing’s better halves shows the audience Steven Ma’s funny talent.

As a companion to The Scholar Meets the Soldier, this novel is a classic comedy by Liu Jiahao.

The whole play, whether the protagonist or the supporting role, is full of laughter.

Steven Ma plays the leading actor, Emperor Xie, who is cynical on the surface and resourceful in practice.

Li Yaoxiang plays Dai Congwu and Dai Congwen in two roles.

A cloud is light and the wind is light, and a bad thing is done.

In 2008, the "Thousands of Stars Awards Ceremony" and "A Full Moon in a Storm House" almost included all the important awards, but Li Yaoxiang won the best supporting actor with this "Scholar in Love with Soldiers".

The following year, rosy business started his road of "seeing the emperor for three times".

Zheng Xiyi plays Chen Ximei who is illiterate but bursting with a sense of justice.

I often make a lot of jokes, but I don’t change her wish to get rid of violence.

The supporting role of gold is also full of jokes, which increases the interest of the plot.

There are also many famous scenes in this drama, which enriches the design and promotes the plot.

Although it doesn’t make sense, I will really laugh very happily after reading it.

Scene 1:

Emperor Xie, who had just become an agricultural official, took his master and Chen Ximei to help the villagers get back the rice confiscated by corrupt officials. Unexpectedly, they were all detained by corrupt officials.

By mistake, Chen Ximei became the stepmother of Emperor Xie.

But when Emperor Xie’s real mother arrived, the scene was once out of control.

Filling the house is older than the main room?

This is funny enough, besides, a group of people have to bow down to a "rooster bowl"

It is worthy of being TVB’s "royal bowl" to say so much.

In order to escape from the territory of corrupt officials, Emperor Xie took everyone to perform a good play.

Vomiting blood again ▼

Jumping off a building again ▼

Emperor Xie was also stabbed with blood by Chen Ximei ▼

It is a great sacrifice!

Scene 2:

Emperor Xie was assassinated, but it was not him who was in trouble, but the people around him who suffered.

The dagger can’t be inserted ▼

The poison dart is blocked ▼

It turns out that Emperor Xie had a mother who used to walk in rivers and lakes.

Scene 3:

In the first murder case, Emperor Xie’s captors wanted to bring back a body from Hangzhou.

However, the large-scale transportation was too conspicuous, so they put the body together with salted fish and described the body as a leper.

Be careful when staying in the hotel ▼

But also face the danger of being chased by other officers at any time.

Desperate, Chen Ximei had to play a dead body to scare them away ▼

The pace is too small, can you be bigger?

Seriously, TVB has a way of shooting such a low-budget series.

The investment is not big, but it is very popular with the audience.

Scene 4:

There is also a small theater to solve the case, which is lively and fascinating.

Scene 5:

The oldest "defibrillator"

The story of a somewhat unpretentious adult leading a group of stooges is really a "drama of the next meal".

There are many funny scenes in the play, so we won’t give them one by one.

Interested audiences can go to the theater by themselves.

02

justice

Some people say that this drama is a bit of a "supporting role" look and feel ▼

The way of civil and military affairs is relaxed one by one.

Although Emperor Xie and Master Xie are both scholars, they give people two completely different experiences of watching the drama.

Emperor Xie’s appearance is often accompanied by a gag with CP Chen Ximei; On the contrary, there is a deep sadness and fate in the man.

Full of talent, hated.

Justice is not forgotten in jokes, and it is the second hero — — My Lord.

His moves with Su Zhennan, the biggest villain, pushed the whole drama to a climax.

The first time: Su Zhennan framed Emperor Xie for rebellion.

A painting is ambiguous and has different opinions.

Su Zhennan asserted that Emperor Xie was disrespectful to the Emperor.

M easily set things right.

One-day move, two-day rest.

My Lord is walking on thin ice.

The second time: framing handsome men for eating noodles without giving money.

How did you save the day?

He used a trick of "being less guilty than others", that is, letting the villagers accuse each other of taking their own things without permission.

Everyone who commits a crime is equal to not committing a crime.

The third time: framed Zhu Qingting to push people downstairs and cause disability.

The fourth time: Chen Ximei was killed.

But indirectly contributed to the marriage of Emperor Xie and Chen Ximei.

The fifth time: I suspect that Emperor Xie and Chen Ximei are married in disguise, and they are designed to make a fool of themselves.

These tricks, the master saw the confession and cracked them one by one.

But, this is not over.

The most powerful part of the whole drama lies in the exchange of identities between the old man and his brother Dai Congwu.

According to Dai Congwu, the patrol of the Eight Houses came to investigate Emperor Xie. In order to thank the Emperor’s family, I had to ask Dai Congwu to intercede.

This trip is just an opportunity.

Dai Congwu, suffering from hemoptysis, reflected on his past actions and wanted to do a good deed before he died.

What he can’t do, the old man will finish it for him.

The’ m who has returned again has become a patrol of the Eight Houses, and the whole person’s expression is completely different.

In order not to bring trouble to Emperor Xie, he can only choose to alienate him.

Since pretending to be Dai Congwu, the old gentleman has beheaded corrupt officials and punished treacherous officials, becoming a good official praised by everyone.

On the other hand, his brother Dai Congwu has died in his childhood hometown.

But this switch made Su Zhennan see through it again.

A big drama about recognizing people is about to begin.

In order to protect Emperor Xie’s family,’ m can only face this irreversible situation.

But they are no match for’ m.

The first is Su Zhendong, a six-government patrol, who is not qualified to interrogate eight-government patrol.

M won the opponent in imposing manner.

Then came the prime minister.

Master exposed his crime of graft and perverted the law, and even beat him.

Scared him into running away.

There is also a physician to check whether the master really suffers from hemoptysis.

Find all the people who have had contact with Dai Congwu, and let’s master identify them one by one.

Even the father-in-law Chen around the Queen Mother was shocked.

But’ m and Emperor Xie joined hands to outsmart this game.

A blank letter reveals the true colors of a guilty conscience.

Real tacit understanding, as long as a look, you can understand each other’s intentions.

I can’t display my talent before I met Emperor Xie. It can be said that thanks to the unconditional trust of the Emperor, I can finally display my ambition.

At the same time, at the critical moment, the master also used his wisdom to help Emperor Xie solve many cases.

It really doesn’t matter who makes who.

However, we can’t deny that Li Yaoxiang did perform the bearing and tension of two different roles in this play, which added a sense of dignity to a comedy.

It also raised the level.

03

CP

Steven Ma has been in TVB for many years and has cooperated with many Hua Dan.

From Ada Choi and Maggie Cheung to Charmaine Sheh, Sonija Kwok, and even Linda Chung and Chen Fala, it’s interesting that every couple of them have a sense of CP.

In this play, he and Zheng Xiyi performed a pair of funny CP.

To be honest, Zheng Xiyi’s appearance in the play is not pleasing.

It’s obviously the royal elder sister’s style, dressed like "stupid and sweet".

Acting skills also need to be improved, and many times they are too hard.

However, their funny daily life is still a bit interesting.

The so-called no discord, no concord, the first time they met, Emperor Xie was taken back to the yamen by Chen Ximei.

At first, none of them liked anyone.

Chen Ximei thinks that Emperor Xie’s limbs are not diligent, and he can’t be a good agricultural official at all.

Emperor Xie thinks that Chen Ximei is illiterate, rude and barbaric.

The biggest headache is that she often screws things up.

I fell into the water and washed my hair with muddy water, so whenever I get the chance, I thank the emperor for revenge.

But I always embarrass myself.

Pretending to be a ghost scares Chen Ximei almost to death by Chen Ximei ▼

Chen Ximei, who pretended to be in prison and was robbed, got hurt all over ▼

There is no love in life, and the only wish is to drive Chen Ximei away ▼

But Chen Ximei’s professional level is good, and she is a good helper of yamen.

Kung fu is good, I am bent on being a good farmer, enthusiastic and have a sense of justice.

After listening to Emperor Xie’s ambition, I really want to follow him.

And thank the emperor is not an unreasonable person.

He was moved by Chen Ximei’s serious attitude and decided to hire her as his own farmer.

When Emperor Xie became a county magistrate, Chen Ximei naturally became a female police officer.

Emperor Xie will teach her some methods of investigating cases and being a man ▼

And Chen Ximei unconsciously had a good impression on Emperor Xie.

I think his earnest work is very attractive ▼

After some physical contact, the blushing speed is like a chameleon ▼

Chen Ximei is very simple. In her heart, she always thinks that Emperor Xie has a good impression on her.

Therefore, when Emperor Xie saved her life by marrying, she had no doubt that it was a fake marriage.

Every word is true.

After marriage, she learned to cook, learn needlework, and even planned to give up her dream of being a fast catcher.

I have never doubted everything that Emperor Xie said.

Therefore, wife abuse is a pleasure, chasing a wife crematorium.

The two have experienced many things together, and their feelings are slowly cultivated.

When Emperor Xie found out that he really liked Chen Ximei, Chen Ximei also knew the "impure" feeling at the beginning.

But even though she was sad, she tried her best to defend her "xianggong".

I can’t bear to expose the "lies" at that time.

Even pretend to have amnesia to avoid the problem.

To tell the truth, the rhythm of the whole play has been very stable and organized.

The plot of the last two episodes suddenly became very hasty, which made the emotional line between Emperor Xie and Chen Ximei end in a hurry.

It is necessary to experience Chen Ximei’s running away from home, thanking the emperor for chasing his wife, and "amnesia". Finally, thank the emperor for successfully impressing Chen Ximei &hellip with a bitter plan; …

Too much running account, a lot of details, but no ups and downs.

If it is a costume detective drama, The Scholar in Love with Soldiers is obviously not excellent, with simple case and sloppy logic.

If you just look at the play from a comedy perspective, it’s still quite enjoyable.

It’s still fun to watch a lively and happy day in the hot summer.

　　　　 China’s first martial arts film, the hardcore martial arts masterpiece "The Trail of the Enemy" directed by Xu Haofeng, recently exposed the first batch of stills of the film to the public. In the stills, Yu Chenghui, Song Yang, Zhao Yuanyuan and other movie stars all appeared, among which the photo of Song Yang holding a strange weapon "Japanese knife" also left a deep impression on many people. It is reported that Xu Haofeng, the film director, was praised by overseas media as "Akira Kurosawa of China" during the film’s participation abroad, and the cool and realistic style of the film can also be seen in these stills. Qiu Dongyue, played by Yu Chenghui, the swordsman, has become the main character of these stills. The photos show the great demeanor of the 70-year-old martial artist from different angles and sides. The film "The Trail of the Enemy" will land in the cinema on February 24, 2012. At that time, the vast number of domestic martial arts film lovers and movie audiences will see a new martial arts film with a new look and a new concept.

Yu Chenghui, body of work and Song Yang "fight hard"

　　　 Among these stills, the most impressive ones are Yu Chenghui and Song Yang, the two main stars of the film. It is reported that the film "The Trail of the Enemy" is the "return" work of Yu Chenghui, the "swordsman", when he returns to the screen. The image of Qiu Dongyue, the hero he plays, accounts for more than half of the stills. The 70-year-old martial arts master has a white beard and hair. In the film, he wears a hat and carries two short guns, which looks quite like a master. This set of stills intercepts Qiu Dongyue’s various postures from different angles, and one of the acrobatic photos with his hands stretched out horizontally makes him look "chivalrous", revealing his abundant energy and awe-inspiring spirit. On the other hand, Song Yang, the protagonist, holds a strange weapon, a Japanese knife, which is also very domineering. It is reported that the role played by Song Yang is one of the soldiers of Qi Jiajun who challenged the four famous families in the film, and his imposing manner in the photo is also quite different from that of the "Swordsman". The joining of two "chivalrous men", one old and one young, suddenly added a lot of color to the film "The Trail of the Enemy". In addition, other film stars, such as Zhao Yuanyuan, also appeared in the stills.

The film is scheduled for 2.24, and the retro realism style is comparable to Kurosawa.

　　　 The film "The Trail of the Enemy" is scheduled to be shown in domestic cinemas on February 24, 2012, and its voice has been rising day by day long before the film was released. It is reported that since September last year, the film has started to participate in foreign film festivals. So far, it has participated in more than ten internationally famous film events, including Venice Film Festival and Busan Film Festival, and has accumulated a high popularity. As soon as the film returned to the consistent mode of domestic martial arts films, it opened a new creative concept of mainland martial arts films with extremely retro film language and actual combat scenes. The cool and realistic style of the film and the "martial spirit" contained in it are more reminiscent of the works of Japanese movie master Akira Kurosawa. Some foreign media even praised the director Xu Haofeng as China’s film that truly understands martial arts and martial arts, which is called "Akira Kurosawa of China".

More stills on the next page