The large-scale fire fighting/water rescue amphibious aircraft AG600 was assembled and rolled off in Zhuhai a few days ago. This is another major achievement made by China in the field of large aircraft. Every breakthrough of "Made in China" is a powerful annotation of China’s economy. Xinhua news agency

　　[Economic Interface, Building a Modern Economic System]

　　Manufacturing is the main body of the real economy and the foundation of the construction of a modern economic system. How to allocate more financial resources to the key areas and weak links of manufacturing development in accordance with the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, promote the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, are major issues facing China’s high-quality economic development in the new era.

　　Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　1. What is the root cause?

　　Financing is difficult and expensive for manufacturing industry.

　　[status quo]

　　Data show that from 2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment continued to decline from 2012 to 4.2% in 2016, and it decreased by 27.4 percentage points in five years, which lasted for a long time and the decline was unprecedented. Although it stopped falling and rebounded in 2017, it was only 4.8%.

　　Financing is difficult and expensive, which is a prominent problem in the development of China’s manufacturing industry in recent years.

　　2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment has continued to decline since 2012. Investment is not only related to the current economic growth, but also to the cultivation and generation of new kinetic energy, which plays a key role in optimizing the supply structure. The weak investment has seriously restricted the optimization and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry.

　　The formation of this problem is first related to the inadaptability of China’s manufacturing development under the new normal, and also reflects the inadaptability of China’s financial structure. For a long time, the development of China’s manufacturing industry has a remarkable "speed-benefit" feature, with economic growth reaching more than 10%, and all industries, trades and enterprises will make profits; Once the economic growth is lower than 8%, many industries will suffer industry-wide losses. With China’s economic development entering a new normal, the growth rate has shifted from high-speed growth of about 10% to medium-high-speed growth of about 7%, and the efficiency of enterprises has begun to decline continuously. The research shows that the average return on equity of China’s A-share non-financial listed companies has been declining since 2010, from 12.9% to 6.8% in 2015, while the weighted average asset-liability ratio has increased from 58.2% in 2010 to 60.1% in 2015. In 2016, the leverage ratio of the enterprise sector was still as high as 165%, far higher than the international warning line of 90%.

　　From the perspective of financial structure, bank loans, bonds and stocks currently account for more than 80% of the financing amount of the real economy. These three financing methods all have typical procyclical characteristics. When the economic situation is good, the benefits of enterprises are good, banks are willing to lend, and it is easier to issue bonds and stocks; The economic situation is not good, and the efficiency of enterprises is declining. For the sake of risk prevention and control, banks will be reluctant to lend, suppress loans or even cut off loans, and it is difficult to issue bonds and stocks. Before 2012, this financing method will not have much problem for the investment development of enterprises, because the economic growth rate has decreased, but it is a short-term fluctuation in high-speed growth, and it will soon resume high-speed growth. In other words, China’s financial structure based on bank loans is more suitable for the previous high-speed growth stage. Facing the requirements of high-quality development in the new era, it also needs reform, optimization and innovative development.

　　Revitalizing manufacturing industry, especially advanced manufacturing industry, is the key to realize a virtuous circle of economy in the short term and the lifeline of national economy in the long term. Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Facing the inevitable requirement of China’s economic development in the new era and the fierce competition in the world, we must focus on eliminating the financing constraints of manufacturing development, guide and promote finance to improve the efficiency and level of service manufacturing development, and accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power.

　　2. How to support it

　　Create new demands of powerful countries for financial development.

　　[trend]

　　The development of China’s manufacturing industry in the new era requires not only effective financing support from finance, but also a series of service solutions including consulting, investment and financial management, so as to realize the transformation from "financing" to "integrating wisdom".

　　At present, the scale of China’s manufacturing industry has been ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years, but the problems of insufficient development imbalance such as key core technologies being controlled by people and lack of world-renowned brands are still very prominent. We must implement the innovation-driven development strategy with greater efforts, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industries, support the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change.

　　Different development needs different financial support. First, we should vigorously implement differentiated credit policies. At present, bank credit funds account for more than 2/3 of China’s real economy financing. In accordance with the requirements of supply-side structural reform, we should improve and optimize credit conditions, support the manufacturing industry to increase varieties, improve quality and create brands, actively resolve excess production capacity, eliminate backward production capacity, and give full play to the role of finance in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, we should vigorously develop small and medium-sized banks and private financial institutions. It is strictly forbidden for bank funds to enter the stock market and real estate market for speculation and so-called innovation that is divorced from the real economy. In fact, after World War II, Germany and Japan also experienced a situation similar to today’s China. In order to accelerate the upgrading and development of manufacturing industry, both governments have adopted structural credit support policies.

　　Second, vigorously develop industrial chain finance, financial leasing and other financial services that are directly integrated with the industry. Industrial chain finance is a service model that financial institutions rely on the core enterprises in the industrial chain to provide comprehensive solutions for all enterprises in the industrial chain. Compared with bank loans, it is more service-oriented and targeted. However, financial leasing integrates financing and material integration, and reduces the pressure of one-time payment of funds, which provides an effective way for enterprises to upgrade their technical equipment. In 1950s and 1960s, the United States upgraded its technical equipment in this way. At present, the penetration rate of financial leasing in developed countries such as the United States and Britain remains above 50%, while China has not yet reached 5%, and there is still much room for improvement.

　　Third, actively develop venture capital (VC), private equity funds (PE) and other financing products, and explore service modes such as equity pledge loans and investment-loan linkage to provide long-term and stable financial support for the innovation and development of manufacturing industry. VC is future-oriented, and values the potential and benefits of the future development of enterprises. It does not require the past operating conditions, nor does it require enterprises to provide financing mortgages. PE is a combination of financing and financing, which not only provides capital support for enterprise development, but also provides all-round value-added services for enterprises, such as coordinating the relationship between enterprises and other enterprises in the industry, expanding procurement or sales channels, improving governance structure, etc. It is a capital that can span the economic cycle and is intellectual capital. VC and PE still have great development potential in China.

　　Fourth, efforts should be made to provide specialized comprehensive financial services for enterprises to "go global". The "Belt and Road" construction is an important measure for China to implement all-round opening up in the new era. As an important part and implementer of this strategy, it is inevitable for the manufacturing industry to "go global". However, the economic development level of the 65 countries along the "Belt and Road" is uneven, and the social system is very different. Relevant research shows that in 33 countries, the proportion of stock transactions to GDP is less than 10%, and direct financing is almost lacking; There are 24 countries with higher real interest rates than China, and the credit supply is seriously insufficient. Faced with this situation, we must coordinate financial support methods such as policy banks and commercial banks, banks and non-banks, financial innovation and institutional mechanism reform, and strive to provide professional, personalized and diversified financial support for the manufacturing industry to "go global".

　　3. Explore practice

　　Realize the benign interaction between finance and manufacturing industry

　　[deployment]

　　In order to promote the benign interaction and coordinated development between finance and manufacturing, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission have jointly issued and implemented a series of policies and measures since 2016, and conducted exploration and practice of industrial and financial cooperation.

　　Finance is related to the overall economic and social development and has its own development laws and requirements. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　The General Office of the State Council clearly stated in the Notice on Establishing the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.90) that it is necessary to "actively promote the integration of industry and finance, establish an industry-finance information docking platform, innovate financial support methods, and enhance the ability and efficiency of financial support for manufacturing development". The so-called integration of production and operation refers to the institutional innovation practice carried out by government departments, financial institutions and industrial enterprises to improve the efficiency and level of financial service manufacturing. Among them, government departments mainly build platforms and mechanisms for the interaction and cooperation between financial institutions and industrial enterprises, and at the same time, make necessary improvements and reforms to relevant policies and regulations and institutional mechanisms, support the market to play a leading role in the allocation of financial resources, and do not interfere in the business decisions of financial institutions and manufacturing enterprises.

　　The integration of production and operation has been highly recognized and actively participated by all parties concerned for more than a year, and remarkable results have been achieved. Taking the docking between banks and enterprises as an example, according to incomplete statistics, as of December 2017, more than 5,000 banking institutions involved in the integration of production and operation have actually issued loans of more than 3 trillion yuan to more than 95,000 enterprises. The root of this achievement lies in the fact that the integration of industry and finance has realized the communication and interaction between financial institutions and industrial enterprises at the macro and micro levels by establishing the coordination mechanism of industrial and financial information docking and direct docking between banks and enterprises, and solved the information asymmetry problem of all parties; By means of financial discount, reward, compensation and shareholding, the problem that financial departments are unwilling to invest and enterprises cannot afford to invest has been solved; It provides an effective way to actively and steadily promote financial reform through pilot projects and gradual advancement.

　　At present, the integration of industry and production is just the beginning. In the next step, we will focus on the following six aspects: First, make full use of big data, cloud computing and other information technology means to establish more convenient, fast and efficient information communication channels; The second is to expand the field of production-integration, support enterprises to effectively use the capital market to optimize the industrial organization structure and industry layout, encourage financial institutions to innovate services and support enterprises to "go global"; Third, give full play to the leverage guiding role of financial funds and drive financial capital to support the development of strategic, basic and leading industries; Fourth, encourage financial innovation products and services, and support the construction of the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone; Fifth, evaluate and summarize the situation of industrial integration in pilot cities, put forward reform suggestions, and promote the reform of financial system and mechanism; The sixth is to promote enterprises to incorporate the content of production integration into strategic planning and management process reengineering, build industrial culture in the new period and enhance the soft power of enterprises.

　　 (Author: Wang Xinzhe, chief economist of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)

　　China Consumers Association and China Tea Circulation Association jointly issued a proposal today to advocate moderate tea packaging and promote green and civilized consumption.

　　"Tea is the national drink". China is the hometown of tea and has a profound tea drinking culture. Tea and tea culture have become a beautiful business card of China in the world. In recent years, the tea industry has developed by leaps and bounds. More categories and brands of tea have entered the consumer market, deeply integrated into the lives of China people, and improved the quality of life of consumers in China. However, there have also been some excessive luxury and extravagance in the packaging of tea products, which has damaged the rights and interests of consumers, affected the image of the tea industry and is not conducive to its healthy development.

　　On September 1, 2023, "Restricting Over-packaging of Commodities Requires Food and Cosmetics" will be fully implemented. In terms of consumers’ rights and interests, the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests also stipulates that "the state advocates civilized, healthy, resource-saving and environmental-friendly consumption patterns and opposes waste". It has become the consensus of all walks of life, including operators and consumers, that "it is the duty of operators to practise economy and consumers to oppose waste". The recent consumer perception survey conducted by China Consumers Association shows that consumers have concentrated on the problem of over-packaging of tea, and hope that the tea industry will set an example in eliminating over-packaging and promoting green and civilized consumption.

　　China Consumers Association and China Tea Circulation Association, starting from opposing excessive packaging of tea, jointly issued an initiative of "advocating moderate packaging of tea and promoting green and civilized consumption" to the majority of operators and consumers in line with the principle of laying equal stress on standardizing the production of tea products according to law and promoting the development of tea industry to meet the needs of consumers.

　　First, strictly abide by state regulations and resolutely operate according to law.

　　Tea business operators shall abide by the Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Law on Promotion of Circular Economy, the Law on Promotion of Cleaner Production, the Law on Anti-unfair Competition, the Advertising Law, the Food and Cosmetics for Restricting Overpackaging of Commodities, and other laws and national standards, and produce according to the standards according to law. Conscientiously carry out self-inspection and self-inspection, implement, use and meet the standards as soon as possible, ensure that the rectification is in place when the standards are implemented, and promote the return of tea products to the attributes of the goods themselves. For goods with accessories, accessories, etc., we should make reasonable combinations according to law in accordance with the necessary principles, and do not play "edge ball", so there is no luck.

　　Second, fair competition and respect for consumer rights and interests

　　Respect the rights and interests given to consumers by the Consumer Protection Law. By standardizing commodity packaging, scientific pricing and reasonable marketing, we will provide consumers with quality and affordable products. According to the principle of plain code and real price, the accessories and accessories are marked separately, so that consumers can choose independently. Consciously resist using commodity packaging as a gimmick to induce or mislead consumers to make purchases. Respect consumers’ rights such as the right to know, the right to choose independently and the right to fair trade. Do not use excessive packaging for unfair competition, and do not harm the legitimate rights and interests of other operators.

　　Third, promote frugality and promote green consumption

　　Tea operators should firmly establish the concepts of "safety, practicality, resource conservation, green simplicity and consumer friendliness" and promote frugality. Actively explore the establishment of packaging recycling mechanism, adhere to the principle of combining source management with end management, and advocate a new concept of simple but not simple commodity packaging. Continuously improve product innovation research and development capabilities and production technology level, and provide consumers with more categories and specifications of healthy and nutritious tea products. In terms of tea packaging, according to the requirements of different tea categories, brands, varieties and quality, the packaging materials should be appropriate, the structure should be optimized, the materials used should be moderate, harmless processing and green production should be achieved. Advocate tea operators to publicize information such as energy efficiency, water efficiency, environmental performance and carbon emission in the whole production chain of tea raw material production, processing and packaging for consumers’ choice and social supervision.

　　Four, industry self-discipline, sharing scientific and technological achievements

　　Tea operators should fully understand the importance and urgency of opposing waste, especially over-packaging, and take opposing waste, especially over-packaging, as an important criterion for cooperative product selection. The tea industry should cooperate in unifying product standards and promoting common accessories, and reach a consensus to jointly reduce the waste of repeated purchases by consumers due to inconsistent product specifications and standards. Actively develop and use new packaging materials that are conducive to resource conservation, actively promote new technologies, new designs and new processes that meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, and actively adopt recyclable, easy-to-handle, degradable and reusable packaging. Encourage tea operators to open to the outside world the standards, patents and process formulas that are conducive to the production of green and low-carbon products for other operators to use in order to enhance social benefits.

　　Five, strengthen scientific guidance and promote rational consumption.

　　Advocate tea operators to humanize product packaging, improve the proportion of new packaging and simple packaging, reduce the volume and weight of packaging, save packaging costs, and be "law-abiding", "advocate", "innovator" and "sharer" to resist excessive packaging of tea. Advocate consumers to establish a scientific and rational consumption concept, try to buy and choose resource-saving products, and be pioneers, practitioners, propagandists and supervisors against excessive packaging of tea. Appeal to consumers to consciously choose simple and moderate packaging products when visiting relatives and friends, and refuse to pay for excessive packaging; Try to bring your own shopping bag when shopping to reduce the consumption and pollution of packaging. At the same time, we will take the initiative to complain and report the waste behavior that violates the national standard of excessive packaging of tea in consumption, and jointly promote the formation of a lifestyle and consumption pattern that saves resources and protects the environment.

　　(CCTV reporter Wang Wei)

　　"If you love, life is lovely everywhere." "If the heart is small, all the little things will be big; When the heart is big, all the big things are small. " He used graceful and quiet words to soothe people’s hearts and convey love and goodwill.

　　"After people leave, a crescent moon is like water." "The streamer is easy to throw people, red cherries and green plantains." He uses poetic paintings to outline beauty and praise life.

　　He is a master of comics, prose, calligraphy and music — — Feng Zikai. On November 9, 1898, Feng Zikai was born. Tonight, follow his works, break away from the secular network, and pay attention to the most authentic and beautiful world.

If you love, life is lovely everywhere;

If you hate, life is hateful everywhere;

If you are grateful, you can be grateful everywhere;

If you grow, everything can grow.

The world didn’t choose you, but you chose the world.

Since there is nowhere to hide, it is better to be silly;

There is nowhere to escape, it is better to be happy;

Without pure land, it is better to meditate;

It’s better to be relieved if you don’t get what you want.

There are things that are not done, and there is not enough to know;

The spirit is hidden in the chest, and the gas floats on the surface;

Talent is seen in things, and loyalty is given to people.

If the heart is small, all the little things will be big;

When the heart is big, all the major events are small;

Look down on the vicissitudes of the world and feel safe inside.

　

Life has three floors:

The first layer is material life,

The second layer is spiritual life,

The third layer is the soul life.

Everything goes with the flow;

Take things in stride;

Indifferent when you are proud;

Calm when frustrated;

Hard twists and turns are inevitable;

Go through the vicissitudes of life.

Books are piled up like mountains, and reading is like water.

There is a limit to the mountain shape, and the current never stops.

This world is not the world of the rich,

It’s not a world of people without money,

It’s a world for you.

Cut the net

Zikai Feng

　　It turns out that this kind of thing "price" is easy to limit and reduce the meaning of things.

　　Big uncleplay(Note: Wu vocabulary, meaning play)After coming back from the big world, I put two bags of chestnuts from Liangxiang on the table, lying in a rattan chair, with a happy and tired face, shook my head and said:

　

　　"Shanghai local white phase is really happy! Beijing opera, new opera, shadow play, drum, storytelling, juggling, everything; Tea, wine, vegetables and snacks are your choice; There are also elevator spacecraft, flywheel, running ice … … Tigers, lions, peacocks, serpents, etc … … What a wonder! Alas, Bai Xiang is really happy, but he is not happy at the thought of copper coins. It’s easy to use copper coins in Shanghai! If Bai Xiang doesn’t want copper coins, hahahaha … …”

　　I also accompanied him "Hahahaha … …”

　　What my uncle said is really reasonable! "Bai Xiang is really happy, but he is unhappy at the thought of copper coins." I have often experienced this situation. I always feel that life is very meaningful when I take a boat, take a bus or buy things without thinking about money. I am very grateful to the manufacturers’ workers and suppliers’ businessmen. But the thought of a quid pro quo for money kills more than half of the fun.

　　The same is true of teaching: how meaningful and happy it is to study together with a class of young people or children and tell them a little knowledge! However, when I heard the imperative bell for class and the bell for class, I did the military-style "roll call" and thought of the "salary" for business, my spirit became unhappy and I became disgusted with the "class". This is exactly the same as the big uncle’s white world. So I admire my uncle’s words are reasonable, and accompany him with a "hahahaha".

　　The original "price" of a thing is easy to limit and reduce the meaning of things.

　　For example, as the great aunt said, "A pot of tea in the Republican Hall costs twenty cents, and a look at the lion costs twenty coppers." If the price of a thing is set, the meaning of this thing is limited. It seems that eating a pot of tea in the Republican Hall is equivalent to eating twenty cents, and watching a lion is nothing more than watching twenty coppers. However, the tea in the actual Republican Hall is more interesting to me as a drinker and to me as a lion as a spectator.

　　Therefore, if we look at things from the perspective of valuing money, there is only one thing of money in the world, and there is no other meaning, so the meaning of everything is reduced.

　　If we want to know the true meaning of the existence of things, we must remove all its relations with the world.

　　"price"Is to make things have a relationship with money. It is known that all other "relationships" in the world are enough to hinder the true meaning of the existence of things themselves. Therefore, if we want to know the true meaning of the existence of things themselves, we must remove all their relations with the world.

　　Big uncle must be able to often forget about copper coins and talk about the world, so he can be so happy and praise. However, he just removed a relationship of "price". If you can always live in this world without thinking about all the relationships in the world, your life will be more enjoyable.

　　For the wheat wave in the world, don’t think of it as the raw material of bread, and for the oranges in the plate, don’t think of it as the fruit to quench your thirst; For beggars on the road, don’t think of them as poor people begging for money; For the current scenery, don’t think of it as the countryside of a town or a village. If we can have this view, people in the world can always be happy and praise, just like the big uncle’s big world.

　

　　I want to find a pair of quick scissors, cut this net to pieces, and then come to know the truth of the world.

　　IIt seems that there is a huge and complicated net in this world. Everything, big and small, is firmly tied in this net, so when I want to grasp a certain thing, I always have to touch countless lines and bring out countless other things, so that this thing can’t appear in front of my eyes alone and clearly, so I can never see the truth of the world.

　

　　In the big world, my uncle only cut off a thread tied to "money", which has been satisfied and returned. So I want to find a pair of quick scissors, cut this net to pieces, and then come to know the truth of the world.

　

△ The above illustrations and paintings are all from Feng Zikai.

　

Master Feng Zikai

▽

　

　　Feng Zikai is a modern cartoonist, essayist, educator, translator and calligrapher. On November 9, 1898, he was born in Chongde County, Zhejiang Province. In 1914, when he was studying in Zhejiang First Normal School, he studied under Li Shutong and Xia Mianzun. Li Shutong taught him music and painting, and Xia Mianzun taught him literature. Li Shutong had a deep influence on him, and later he even converted to Buddhism with Li Shutong, and wrote by nursing students with him.

△ Feng Zikai painted "Equality" for by nursing students

　　He published more than 170 collections of paintings, works and translations in his life, including essays on Yuanyuantang, Rewriting on Yuanyuantang, Twenty Essays and Artistic Interest. His writing style is graceful and quiet, but his cartoons are the most commendable. His cartoons mostly depict children, which are humorous, poetic and full of humanistic care.

　　At the same time, he is also a calligrapher.

　　In 1935, he co-published Enlightened Mandarin Textbooks with Ye Shengtao, which reformed the primary school textbooks at that time. After that, he successively wrote 32 kinds of music books for primary and middle school students and ordinary music lovers, which were simple and vivid, and popularized the knowledge of western music.

　　After the founding of New China, he settled in Shanghai and died in Shanghai on September 15th, 1975.

Memories of Father Feng Zikai (Excerpt)

Author: Feng Yiyin (daughter of Feng Zikai)

　　△ About the beginning of 1937, Feng Zikai andyoungest daughterSing on the flower bed in the front yard of Yuanyuantang.

　

　　Father has a kind heart. He loves all living things in the world. He loves human beings and children more. He believes that "the most honorable person in the world" and "the most spiritual person in the world is the child". He once said: "The method of raising children is very simple. To bring up a child, as long as you teach him to be a child forever, you will never lose the heart of his child. "

　　So my father instilled in us all kinds of education, one of which was "education of love". Love our motherland, respect our elders, help others and treat others equally. It is in this environment that we grew up when we were young.

　　In helping others and treating others equally, my father set an example for us with his own behavior. Father’s love for people is not limited by wealth and rank. As long as he is a kind person, his father is almost responsive to him.

　　There is a distant granduncle in my hometown, who is honest and leads a poor life. When my father learned about it, he remitted money to him regularly every month as a support, which lasted for more than ten years and never stopped. Until this great-uncle died of old age.

　　△ In Meiyu, Shanghai in 1948, Feng Zikai took a photo with Mei Lanfang with her young daughter.

　　My father has no airs when he treats the nanny at home. My father never wanted a nanny to serve him, but he also took the initiative to care about the nanny’s life. Anyone who comes to my house as a nanny likes to stay here, unless my family moves to another city, or she has to resign because of something in her own family. He said, "People have abandoned their family to serve us. We should treat her as one of our own!"

　　Father not only taught us to treat others equally, but also taught us to love all life in the world, as small as ants. Originally, I trampled an ant carelessly. Once my father saw me, he quickly stopped me and said, "Ants also have homes, and their parents are waiting for him. You trampled him to death, and his parents are going to cry. " I didn’t know it was called "nursing students" until I grew up. He advised us not to trample on ants, not to talk about "accumulated virtue" or "retribution", nor to protect the ants in the world, but to cultivate a kind heart from our childhood. He said that if we lose this heart, we can crush hundreds of ants with one foot today, and when this heart develops in the future, it will become an aggressor and kill innocent people.

Text/CCTV News Comprehensive Guangming Daily, Jiefang Daily,Xinhua Daily,Zhejiang Daily, etc.Figure/Network,Copyright belongs to the original author.

Football is a sport in which the feet are the mainstay, the ball is controlled and dominated, and two teams attack and defend each other on the same rectangular court according to certain rules. Football is called "the first sport in the world" because of its strong antagonism, changeable tactics and large number of participants.

Here are some knowledge about football:

01

The origin of football

The predecessor of modern football originated from the ball game "Cuju" in Zizhou, Shandong Province (now Zibo City) in ancient China, and was later spread to Europe by Arabs from China, and gradually evolved into modern football.

Modern football originated in England.

In 2005, in the closing ceremony of the centenary celebration of FIFA, Linzi, Shandong Province, China was officially declared as the origin of world football.

The picture above shows the ancient Cuju map of China.

02

ancient football

The origin of football can be traced back to the ancient ball game Cuju in China. Cuju’s original name was "Tuju", and the word Cuju first appeared in Historical Records Biography of Bian Que Canggong, while Cuju was called the ancient football in China. In the Western Han Dynasty, writers Liu Xiang and Liu Xin and his son wrote in their personal works Bielu and Qilue: "Cuju players are rumored to be made by the Yellow Emperor." By the Tang and Song Dynasties, Cuju had become very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. This ball game was later introduced to Europe from China by Arabs.

03

Modern football day

October 26, 1863

On October 26th, 1863, several football fans met at the Fremason Hotel in Queen’s Street, London, England, and discussed and established the English Football Association, which was the first football association established in the history of world football, and its establishment marked the birth of modern football.

04

The "four" firsts in football

In 1848, the Cambridge Rules, the first written rule in the history of football, was born.

On October 26th, 1863, England established the first football association in the world, and unified the competition rules of football.

In 1872, the first official match between football associations was held between England and Scotland.

In 1900, in the Second Summer Olympic Games, football was included as an official event.

05

Football playing field

one

Venue area: The venue should be rectangular, with a length of no more than 120m or less than 90m and a width of no more than 90m or less than 45m (the venue for international competitions should be no more than 110m or less than 100m and no more than 75m or less than 64m). In any case, the length must exceed the width.

2

Line drawing: The competition venue should draw clear lines according to the plane drawing, the line width should not exceed 12 cm, and no V-shaped grooves should be made. The longer two lines are called sideline and the shorter one is called goal line. Draw a line across the court in the middle of the court, which is called the center line. The center of the site should be marked clearly, and a circle with this point as the center and a radius of 9.15m should be drawn, which is called the middle circle. On each corner of the site, a flat-topped flagpole with a height of not less than 1.50 meters should be erected, and a small flag should be tied on it; Similar flags and flagpoles can be erected on one side and at least 1 meter away from the sideline of the center line on both sides of the field.

three

Goal area: On the goal line 5.50 meters away from the inside of the goal post at both ends of the competition field, draw a line with a length of 5.50 meters perpendicular to the goal line into the field, with one end connected with the goal line and the other end drawing a connecting line parallel to the goal line. The area within the range of these three lines and the goal line is called the goal area.

four

Penalty area: On the goal line 16.50 meters away from the inside of the goal post at both ends of the playing field, draw a line with a length of 16.50 meters perpendicular to the goal line into the field, with one end connected with the goal line and the other end drawing a connecting line parallel to the goal line. The area within the range of these three lines and the goal line is called penalty area, and make a clear mark at the midpoint of the two goal lines measuring 11 meters vertically into the field, which is called penalty point. Draw an arc outside the penalty area with the penalty spot as the center and 9.15m as the radius, which is called the penalty arc.

five

Corner area: Take the intersection of sideline and goal line as the center and 1m as the radius, draw a quarter arc into the field, and the area within this arc is called corner area.

six

Goal: The goal should be located in the center of each goal line, and it is composed of two vertical goalposts with a distance of 7.32 meters and an equal distance from the flag point in the west corner, and a horizontal crossbar with a lower edge of 2.44 meters above the ground. In order to ensure safety, both the fixed goal and the movable goal must be stably fixed on the field. The width and thickness of doorposts and crossbars shall be symmetrical and equal, and shall not exceed 12 cm. The net is attached to the goalpost, crossbar and ground behind the goal. The net should be properly propped up, so that the goalkeeper has enough room to move. The material of the net is allowed to be made of hemp, jute or nylon. Nylon rope can be used, but it must not be thinner than hemp or hemp rope.

06

Position on the football field

one

Goalkeeper: The main responsibility is to hold the goal, observe the changes of the game on the field, organize and direct the offensive and defensive of the whole team.

2

Full-back: mainly responsible for defending the opposing winger or other players who are inserted into the winger position, and cooperating with the central defender to make up for each other and block the way to attack the goal directly. When our team attacks, we can also wait for an opportunity to help out and play the role of winger.

three

Central defender: It is the pillar of defense. Its main duty is to defend the most dangerous area in the front center of the goal, stop the opponent from shooting, and cooperate with the full-back and another central defender to make up for each other’s positions. It should also play the role of offensive and defensive organization and command.

four

Avant-garde: It is active in the middle zone between the striker and the defender, and its main responsibility is to control the midfield, which is the barrier of defense and the link of frontier attack. Advance can attack, retreat can defend, and timely insert or long-range, which plays the core role of the team.

five

Center: The main responsibility is to shoot through or catch a cross ball. Secondly, it is the "sharp knife" and "shooter" of our team through cross transposition, left and right coordination, disturbing the other side’s defense line and creating opportunities for our companions to insert, cut or shoot. It is the first line of defense for the whole team when the attack turns to the defense.

six

Winger: The main duty is to break through the opponent’s defense line from the side, take the ball and cut the shot or cross the baseline or outflank the shot. When defending, we should keep a close eye on our full-backs, prevent them from assisting freely, and assist our full-backs in defending the opposing wingers.

07

game

compare

game

rule

rule

1. Competition system

The game is divided into two teams, each with 11 players (generally speaking, each team is allowed to replace three substitute players during the game), and one of them must be a goalkeeper. The whole game is 90 minutes, which is divided into upper and lower halves, with each half lasting 45 minutes. The rest time between the first half and the second half shall not exceed 15 minutes. There is a referee and two sideline referees in the game. In each half, the referee can make up time according to the injuries and time-consuming substitution on the field. If the game must be decided, if the two teams draw within 90 minutes, overtime will be played for 15 minutes in the first half and 15 minutes in the second half. If the game is still tied, the winner will be decided by penalty kick.

The game time should be divided into two equal halves, 45 minutes for each half and 90 minutes for a ball game. Unless otherwise agreed by both parties under special circumstances, the following provisions shall apply:

A. In each half, the time lost due to substitution, dealing with the wounded, delay time and other reasons shall be made up, and the amount of this time shall be decided by the referee.

B. At the end of each half-time or after the whole game, if a penalty kick, corner kick, frontcourt free kick or the ball enters the opponent’s penalty area and the goal has not been completed yet, the time shall be extended until the end of the attack. Unless the referee agrees, the rest time between the first half and the second half shall not exceed 15 minutes.

2. Kick-off method

1. Before the start of the game, the kick-off or venue should be selected by coin-in, and the party who picks first should have the right to choose the kick-off or venue. After the referee gives the signal, the game should be started by a player of the opening team kicking the ball (that is, kicking the ball placed in the center of the playing field). Before the ball is kicked out, all the other players (except the team members) should be in their own half, and the opposing team members who open the team should also keep at least 9.15 meters away from the ball; After the ball is kicked out, there is obvious displacement. It should be considered that the kickoff player is not allowed to touch the ball again before the ball is touched or kicked by other players.

2. After a goal is scored, a player from the negative side should kick off again in the same way to continue the game.

At the beginning of the second half, the two teams should exchange venues, and the other side of the team that kicked off in the first half will kick off.

3. Penalty

1. Any kick-off that violates the rules in this chapter should be reopened. If the kickoff player touches the ball again before the ball is touched or kicked by other players, the opposing team should be at the foul place. Kick an indirect free kick

2. Kick-off can be scored directly to the opponent. Kicking into one’s own goal will result in a corner kick.

3. If the ball doesn’t cross the sideline or goal line when the game is suspended for reasons not specified in these rules, when the game is resumed, the referee should drop the ball at the position where the ball was suspended, and the game will be resumed when it hits the ground. If the ball is in the goal area when the game is suspended, it should be dropped on the goal line nearest to the position where the ball is located and parallel to the goal line. When the ball is dropped, the players must not touch the ball before it hits the ground, otherwise the referee should drop the ball again.

4. Dead ball

In the following cases, it becomes a dead ball:

When the ball crosses the goal line or sideline on the ground or in the air.

When the game has been stopped by the referee.

5. The game is going on

From the start of the competition to the end of the competition, the competition should be in progress, including:

A. The ball bounces back from the goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpole.

B. The ball bounced off the referee or linesman on the court.

C. the players on the field fouled and the referee didn’t punish them.

6. Method of winning

Unless otherwise stipulated in the rules, if the whole ball crosses the goal line from between the goalposts and under the crossbar, instead of being thrown or brought in by the attacker’s hand and deliberately pushed into the goal with his hand or arm (except that the goalkeeper is in his own penalty area), the attacker wins a goal. In a game, the team that wins more goals is the winning team. If neither side wins or the number of wins is equal, the game should be called a "draw".

7. Penalty for violation of regulations

-offside

(1) An attacker who is closer to the opponent’s goal line than the ball is in an offside position. Except in the following cases:

1. The player is in his own half.

2. At least two players of the opposing team are closer to the goal line of the opposing team than this player.

(2) When the player kicks or touches the ball, and the team member is offside, the referee thinks that the player has the following behaviors, so it should be judged offside:

1. Interfering with the game or the other side;

2. Attempt to gain benefits from offside position.

(3) A player should not be judged offside in the following circumstances:

1. The players are only offside;

2. A player can directly catch a goal kick, corner kick or throw the ball out of bounds.

(4) If a player is sentenced to offside, the referee shall award an indirect free kick by the opposing player at the offside location. If the player is offside in the opponent’s goal area, then this free kick can be executed anywhere in the goal area where he was offside.

-Fouls and misconduct

(1) A member intentionally violates any of the following nine items, namely:

1. Kicking or attempting to kick an opposing team member.

2. Tripping the opponent’s players, that is, behind or in front of the opponent, stretching your legs or bending over to trip or attempt to trip the opponent.

3. Jump to the opposing team.

4. Violent or dangerous collision with the other team members.

5. In addition to the other side is blocking, from behind the other team.

6. Try to hit the opposing team and spit on them.

7. Pull the opposing team.

8. Push the opposing team.

9. Touch the ball with your hands, for example, carrying and pushing the ball with your hands or arms (except for the goalkeeper in his own penalty area).

Note: On March 5th, 2021, international football association board announced that it had adjusted the rules concerning hand ball, and not all handball was considered a foul. Unintentional handball that causes teammates to score a goal or get a chance to score will no longer be considered a foul. In all the above cases, the opponent should be sentenced to kick a direct free kick at the foul place. If the foul place is in the opponent’s penalty area, the free kick can be executed anywhere in the penalty area. In the course of the game, if the defender intentionally violates any of the above nine items in his own penalty area, he should be awarded a penalty no matter where the ball is at that time.

(2) A player commits any of the following five fouls, namely:

1. The referee thinks that his actions are dangerous, such as trying to kick the ball that the goalkeeper has caught.

2. When the goalkeeper is in the penalty area:

A. Holding, patting or throwing the ball into the air in any direction after controlling the ball by hand, and then catching it, and walking for more than 4 steps without making the ball enter the competition state.

B. After holding the ball, touch the ball with your hands again according to the situation in clause (2)c, although you have made the ball enter the competition state before touching the ball by the team members outside the penalty area or the opposing team members inside and outside the penalty area.

C. The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hand after a team member intentionally kicks the ball to the goalkeeper.

D. The referee thinks that due to tactical purposes, the team intentionally stops the game and delays the game time, which makes the team gain illegitimate interests.

In all the above cases, the opponent should be judged to kick an indirect free kick at the foul place according to the specific circumstances of the first free kick rule.

3. Players should be warned and shown a yellow card in the following situations:

E. After the start of the game, players enter or re-enter the game or leave during the game: except for accidents, in either case, without the permission of the referee in advance.

F. If the referee suspends the game to execute the warning, the opponent will kick an indirect free kick to resume the game at the place where the ball is located when the game is suspended according to the specific situation of the free kick rules.

G. If the foul player has other more serious foul circumstances, he shall be punished according to the relevant provisions of the rules.

H. the team members violated the rules continuously.

I. express dissatisfaction with the referee’s decision by words or actions.

J. has improper behavior.

Except for a more serious foul, if a player’s behavior falls into any of the last three items mentioned above, he should be given a yellow card warning and ordered to kick an indirect free kick at the foul place according to the specific conditions of any team rules.

(3) When the referee thinks that a player has the following situations, he should be ordered to play and show a red card:

1. Commit acts of violence.

2. Serious foul.

3. Use foul language or abuse.

4. After being given a yellow card warning, he was given a second yellow card warning for foul.

The game is suspended because of the penalty. If the player does not violate other rules, the opponent should be sentenced to kick an indirect free kick in the foul place according to the specific situation of the free kick rules.

8. Free kick

There are two kinds of free kicks: direct free kicks (which can be scored directly into the goal of the foul team) and indirect free kicks (the server is not allowed to shoot directly, and can only shoot after being touched by other players).

9. penalty kick

(1) Requirements

The penalty kick should be kicked from the penalty spot, and the penalty player must be clearly defined. When serving, all players except the referee and the opposing goalkeeper should be outside the penalty area and in the competition field, and at least 9.15m away from the penalty point. Before the ball is served, the opposing goalkeeper must stand on the goal line between the two goalposts (his feet are not allowed to move). The referee must kick the ball forward; Don’t touch the ball again until other players kick or touch it. When the ball rolls to the circumferential distance of the ball, the game is resumed. Penalty kicks can be scored directly. When the penalty kick is executed in the middle of the game, or when the penalty kick is extended or reissued at the end of the semi-full game in the first half, if the kicked ball touches any post or two posts; Or touch the crossbar; Or touch the goalkeeper; Or continuously touching the goalpost, crossbar or goalkeeper and entering the goal, as long as there is no foul, it should be judged as a winning goal.

(2) Penalty

Anyone who violates any provision of this chapter shall be dealt with as follows:

1. If the defender fouls, the ball should be severely punished if it is not penalized.

2. If an attacker other than the penalty shooters commits a foul, the penalty will be invalid and should be severely punished.

3. If the penalty player commits a foul after the game is resumed, the opposing player shall issue an indirect free kick at the foul place according to the specific situation of the free kick rules.

10. Throw a foul ball

When the whole ball crosses the sideline on the ground or in the air, it should be thrown in any direction in the court by the opponent who touched the ball last before it was out of bounds.

When throwing the ball, the thrower must face the court, and some of his feet should stand on the sideline or outside the sideline. He should not leave the ground with his feet, and throw the ball into the stadium from the head to the back with both hands. The game resumed as soon as the ball entered the court. The thrower must not touch the ball again until it is kicked or touched by other players. Throw a foul ball into the goal directly to score.

penalty provision

1. If the ball is not thrown into the stadium according to the prescribed method, the opposing team members should throw the foul ball in the same place.

2. If the ball thrower touches the ball again after throwing the ball into the stadium before it is kicked or touched by other players, the opposing team should kick an indirect free kick at the place where the foul occurred. If a player fouls in the opponent’s goal area or fouls in his own goal area, he should kick an indirect free kick according to the specific circumstances of the free kick rules.

Goal kick.

When the whole ball crosses the baseline from the outside of the goal in the air or on the ground, and the last player who kicks or touches the ball is the attacking player, the defending goalkeeper will directly issue a restricted area at any place in the restricted area to resume the game. The goalkeeper must not put the ball in his hand before sending it into the game. If the ball is not directly served from the tee, that is, it has not entered the game, it should be re-served. The goalkeeper must not touch the ball again before it is kicked or touched by other players. Goal kick is not allowed to score directly. When serving goal kick, the opposing team members should stand outside the service area before the ball is sent out of the service area.

After the player who serves goal kick kicks the ball out of the service court, he touches the ball again before it is kicked or touched by other players, and the opposing player shall be awarded an indirect free kick at the place where the foul occurred. If a player fouls in the penalty area, it will be executed according to the specific situation of the free kick rule.

12. Corner kick

When the whole ball crosses the goal line from the outside of the goal, whether in the air or on the ground, and the defender touches the ball finally, the attacking player puts the ball in the corner area close to the ball out of bounds and kicks the corner kick.

Do not move the corner flagpole when serving the corner kick. A corner kick can win a goal directly. The opponent of the corner kick player shall not enter within 9.15 meters from the ball when the ball has not entered the game, that is, the ball has not rolled to the circumferential distance of the ball. A player serving a corner kick is not allowed to touch the ball again before it is touched by other players.

1. When a player who kicks a corner touches the ball again before it is kicked or touched by other players, the referee shall order the opposing player to kick an indirect free kick at the place where the foul occurred. If a player fouls in the goal area, it will be executed according to the specific situation of the free kick rule in the rules.

2. If there is any other foul, the corner kick should be kicked again.

Slide down to see all.

08

organization

one

The highest organization in the world is the International Football Federation, which was founded in 1904 and headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland.

The highest organization in China is the Chinese Football Association, which was established in Beijing on January 3rd, 1955.

09

Top ten famous football matches

one

The FIFA World Cup is held every four years. It is a football match with the participation of national teams all over the world, which symbolizes the highest honor in football and has the greatest popularity and influence.

2

The European Football Championship, also known as the "European Championship", is held every four years and is one of the most influential international football competitions. Since 2016, the number of teams participating in the final stage of the European Championship has expanded to 24.

three

The European Champions League, referred to as the "Champions League" or "Champions League", represents the highest level and honor of European club football. Twenty-two clubs have won the Champions League in succession, with Real Madrid winning the championship the most times, totaling 13 times.

four

The English Football Super League, referred to as the "Premier League" for short, is one of the "five major leagues" in Europe. It is composed of 20 teams and is considered to be one of the best leagues in the world. With its fast pace, fierce competition and numerous strong teams, it has become the most popular sports event in the world and the highest-paid football league.

five

Italian Football League One, referred to as "Serie A" for short, is one of the highest-level professional football leagues in the world. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were many stars and powerful teams in Serie A, which was called "Little World Cup".

six

Spanish Football League One, referred to as La Liga for short, is the most competitive league in Europe at present. It is known as the "Star League" and "Mr. League" and is the cradle of cultivating footballer of the year and the Golden Globe Award.

seven

German Football League One, referred to as "Bundesliga", is the highest-level club competition in German football. Bayern Munich is the most successful team in the Bundesliga, winning 28 Bundesliga titles.

eight

French Football League One, referred to as "Ligue 1" for short, started the era of "Green Giants" dominating Ligue 1 when French football superstar Platini debuted in saint etienne in the 1970s, which produced a turning point in Ligue 1 and made French football once again become an important force in Europe.

nine

The America’s Cup is the most important national football match attended by the member countries of South American Football Association. It was formerly known as the South American Football Championship and is also the oldest national football match in the world. It is held every four years.

10

The Asian Cup is the highest-level national competition in Asia. Since 1997, Asian Cup champions have represented AFC in the FIFA Confederations Cup.

10

Top ten famous football stars

one

Famous stars: Pele, Diego Maradona, johan cruyff, franz beckenbauer, Zidane, Ronaldo, alfredo di stefano, bobby charlton, Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.

Source: Ping An Kudur

Editor: Zhang Zibo

Editor in charge: Yang Xiaobin

Duty Officer: Zhang Lijuan

Exercise is an important way to keep healthy, but sports injury is also a common problem faced by sports enthusiasts. Sports injury will not only affect sports ability, but also affect daily life. Therefore, it is very important to prevent sports injuries. Here are three tips to help you stay away from sports injuries.

Step 1 warm up

Warm-up exercise is an important step to prevent sports injuries. Warm-up exercise can increase body temperature, promote blood circulation, improve muscle elasticity and reduce the risk of muscle strain and ligament injury. Warm-up exercises can include light aerobic exercises, such as jogging or skipping rope, and some dynamic stretching exercises, such as leg lifts and kicks. Warm-up exercise should last for 5-10 minutes until the body feels warm and comfortable.

2. Gradually increase the intensity of exercise

Gradually increasing the intensity of exercise is another important step to prevent sports injuries. If you haven’t exercised for a long time, or you are trying a new kind of exercise, then you should gradually increase the intensity of exercise. Gradually increasing the intensity of exercise can adapt your body to the new exercise load and reduce the risk of muscle strain and ligament injury. Gradually increasing exercise intensity can include increasing exercise time, increasing exercise intensity or increasing exercise frequency. You should make a plan to gradually increase the intensity of exercise according to your physical condition and sports goals.

3. Reasonable rest and recovery

Reasonable rest and recovery is the key to prevent sports injuries. If you often do high-intensity exercise, then your body needs enough time to recover and repair. Reasonable rest and recovery can include proper rest time, adequate sleep, correct diet and adequate water supplement. In addition, you can also use some recovery tools, such as massage balls, stretching belts and ice packs, to help your body recover and repair.

In a word, you need to take a series of measures to prevent sports injuries. Warm-up exercise, gradually increasing exercise intensity and reasonable rest and recovery are three important steps to prevent sports injuries. If you can follow these steps, you can stay away from sports injuries and enjoy a healthy sports life.

Friday 001: Bologna vs Lazio

This game is the 11th round of Serie A. Bologna plays against Lazio at home. As a mid-stream team in the League, Bologna’s unbeaten rate is still relatively high this season, with 15 points, ranking eighth in the League. The team has never lost in the face of some strong teams, Juventus, Inter Milan and La Burroughs, and its gold content is still very high. Lazio, as a team that performed very well in the league last season, is second only to Naples. However, in the case of multi-line operations this season, the current lineup seems to be not very supportive, and its performance in the league is relatively unstable. At present, it only gets 16 points and ranks seventh in the league. Judging from the past confrontation between the two teams, Bologna has not lost at home in recent seasons, and its mentality is still relatively stable.

In this game, the game data of the whole game gives 0 tower with the same value as that of the two teams, and the on-the-spot reference in the later stage is basically stable, and there is not much tendency for the two teams as a whole. Based on the preparation situation of the two teams, the author thinks that it is difficult for La Chan ‘ao to win away.

Conclusion: the main push wins, and the second push draws.

Score recommendation: 1-1, 1-0, 2-1 (for reference only)

Friday 003 las palmas vs Atletico Madrid

Las palmas, they performed well in recent games, successfully won Manakol 3-0 away, and won two consecutive games in various competitions. However, it should be noted that the team has just become a King’s Cup game in the middle of the week, so it may be at a certain disadvantage in physical reserve. Atletico Madrid’s offensive performance is stable, with only one goal in the last 10 matches, and the average efficiency is as high as 2.1 goals. They occupied a big advantage in the last six meetings with las palmas, and achieved 5 wins and 1 loss.

This game: On the whole, this game will be a match between two powerful teams. Although Rasl Mas’s defense is excellent, Atletico Madrid’s offensive strength and overall performance are even better. Therefore, this game is more optimistic about Atletico Madrid’s chances of winning.

Recommend negative and let negative.

The score is 0-2 1-2

Friday 004 Paris Saint-Germain vs Montpellier

Paris Saint-Germain: Paris Saint-Germain beat brest 3-2 away from home in the league, and won four consecutive victories in all competitions. It should be noted that the team has a strong momentum at home and won all the last four home games. This game may still be highly regarded at home.

Montpellier: Montpellier beat Toulouse 3-0 at home in the league, and won two of the last three games. It is in good condition. On the other hand, the team’s recent away play is still insufficient, and the last four away games have only achieved 1 win, 1 draw and 2 losses. You still need to be more careful in this away game.

In the last five meetings between the two sides, Paris Saint-Gervais scored 4 wins and 1 draw, and its track record was dominant. According to the data given by the institutions, most of the concessions given by the relevant institutions were at -1.5 initially, and most of them are at -1.75 at present, but the value of the home team is still declining, and the support of the institutions for the home team is increasing, which is beneficial to the home team. This field can pay attention to the big Paris victory.

Recommend letting win and letting even.

The score is 4-0 3-1 4-1

"You are a clever boy, and I believe you can solve this problem." "Your efforts and persistence are very commendable" … Recently, the "child-praising artifact" similar to the "100-sentence kuawa template" became popular on the Internet.

Many parents "encourage" their children according to the template, thinking that they have got the "truth" of education, and many parents are worried. So, what is the really effective encouragement education for children?

Parents put down their sticks, abandoned their roars and embarked on the road of "non-violence" family education, believing that "good children are boastful" is worthy of recognition and promotion. But encouragement is not just "praising children", we should really make good use of encouraging education and avoid going to the other extreme. This is obviously not a problem that can be solved by a template, and we must not be superstitious and rely on "artifacts."

The theoretical sources of encouraging education are rich, such as expectation theory, behaviorism teaching theory and achievement motivation theory. Attribution theory in social psychology is an important theoretical source of stimulating education.

The encouragement of parents or teachers is actually to guide children and students to attribute their actions or results positively, to form a positive hint for children, and to guide children to work hard in the right direction in their future study and life. It should be pointed out that "encouraging education" or "encouraging education" is not always expressed by "praise". There is not only positive encouragement, but also timely criticism and guidance. Criticism is also a kind of encouragement. Therefore, encouraging education is not equal to "praising education", and its connotation and extension are not covered by "praising children’s artifacts".

What needs to be more vigilant is that simple "praise education" is prone to such negative effects: children’s pride, excessive emphasis on the positive evaluation of others, self-doubt after encountering difficulties, and serious collapse of confidence may occur.

In a word, "praise education" is only one of the methods of encouraging education, and we need to master the correct methods to avoid negative effects.

First, let children get the feeling of love. Sincere and loving language is the most powerful. If parents’ words and deeds can make children feel love, they will certainly give them the greatest encouragement and feel happiness and joy. The stylized language may be useful for young children, but for older children, the perfunctory feeling and "plastic texture" come to the fore, and the effect can be imagined.

Second, the key is to truly discover the bright spot of children. The core of encouraging education is that parents should find the bright spot of their children, instead of trying to organize language and "please" their children with praise. In order to change from "yelling at mom and dad" to "praising mom and dad", parents must first change the perspective of observing their children and truly discover and appreciate their excellent side. If you don’t really feel that your child is doing well, "hard praise" may embarrass both sides. And if we really find a bright spot recognized by both sides, then this bright spot will become brighter and brighter.

Third, the orientation should be clear and the direction should be specific. Clear orientation means that encouragement for children should be designed, for example, from personal efforts rather than from uncontrollable factors such as appearance. Pointing to the concrete means that the encouraged matters must point to the concrete actual behavior, not the virtual or expected matters.

Fourth, trust and pass the trust signal to the children. In encouraging education, the signal of trust to children plays a very important role. Trust is not a slogan, but should be practiced by parents. On the one hand, some parents trust their children, on the other hand, they do many things that make them lack trust, which makes them lose trust in their parents, and encouraging education is not easy to use.

In a word, encouraging education is a good method in parenting education, but it is by no means equal to "praising education". To make encouraging education effective, parents’ love, patience and carefulness are indispensable, especially the change of children’s observation perspective and evaluation perspective. (The author is the librarian of Xichang National Preschool Teachers College) Author: Liao Dekai

Source: China Education News Network

In the first half of this year, the beauty industry ushered in a recovery, and the semi-annual report of foreign beauty brands was really amazing. The performance of 10 head enterprises such as L ‘Oreal, Procter & Gamble and Shiseido all achieved growth.

In the semi-annual reports of these international brands, "the fastest growth" and "more contribution" have become the most important comments on the China market. Shiseido’s business in China increased by 44.1% year-on-year, and L ‘Oreal increased by 34.2%. Even Amore Pacific, which had been in constant trouble before, relied on the market performance in China to turn losses into profits.

Why has the beauty market in China suddenly sprung up under the COVID-19 epidemic? On the one hand, the "face value economy" is in power, and the epidemic situation has made women’s demand for exquisite life stronger, and the penetration rate of beauty cosmetics has further increased; On the other hand, the epidemic has changed people’s shopping habits, and live broadcast and online celebrity delivery have improved the promotion effect and consumption conversion rate of beauty cosmetics.

What deserves special attention is the localization strategy of foreign brands in China market. As we all know, these international brands have always taken a high-end route in the China market, with flagship stores, shopping malls and duty-free shops as their main sales channels. However, in the past two years, with the development of e-commerce, beauty, as a trendy lifestyle, has become the new favorite of e-commerce platforms. Li Jiaqi, Viya and other big V live broadcasts have inspired more women to pursue beauty. Some domestic beauty brands aim at the opportunity, and through new channels such as short videos and live broadcasts, their popularity has been greatly enhanced by the "star +KOL+ amateur" model. Domestic beauty products such as Hua Xizi and Perfect Diary have become popular brands on e-commerce platforms.

In this context, foreign brands have also begun to change their thinking, put down their bodies and launch online channels. During the "618" period this year, the top 10 Tmall beauty brands were almost monopolized by international brands, and L ‘Oreal’s sales ranked first; In the little red book that young people prefer, Estee Lauder was the brand with the largest investment in the beauty field in the first half of the year. Shiseido also learned to use it flexibly, and brought the way of live selling goods back to Japan, where its headquarters is located, and achieved good sales results.

More and more people know the international brands in China market and the domestic brands that have shined brilliantly in recent years, and the competition in China’s beauty market is becoming more and more fierce. The international big names who have tasted the sweetness have to work hard on "localization" if they want to keep the "family property" that they have cultivated for many years.

Source: Economic Daily

The game lineup in 2023 is the most exciting for players in the past decade. With the maturity of Unreal 5 engine since 2023, PS5 and XSX/S consoles have officially entered the golden age, and many manufacturers have launched many excellent games. The three major console manufacturers all plan to release at least one blockbuster game this year, including Microsoft’s Starry Sky, Sony’s Marvel Comics spider-man 2 and Nintendo’s the legend of zelda: Tears of the Kingdom, supplemented by third-party game lineups, including Hogwarts Legacy, Resident Evil 4: Remastered Edition, Star Wars, Street Fighter 6, Diablo 4 and Assassin’s Creed.

The first quarter of 2023 has passed, and this quarter has lived up to the expectations of players. IGN has rated 20 games with 8 points, including two 10-point games. Let’s take a look at how many you have played.

1. The Heart of the Atom

2. "company of heroes 3" multi-person part

3. I wish you a good death

4. Meet the Creator

5. "Resident Evil: Village VR"

6. Son of Mori

7. Wild Heart

8. Wolong: The Fall of Heaven

9.《WWE 2K23》

1. bayonetta: Origin

2. Dead Space: Remastered Edition

3. Arms of Fire: Combination

4.《Gran Turismo 7 VR》

5.《Hi-Fi Rush》

6. The Legacy of Hogwarts

7.《MLB The Show 23》

8. Pizza Tower

9. Rhythm Theater: Final Fantasy

Galactic warrior Prime replica edition

Resident Evil 4: Remastered Edition