On December 10th, local time, the southern and central parts of the United States were hit by storms, and tornadoes swept through six states, resulting in more than 100 deaths, flattened houses and a mess all over broken walls. Climate scientists say that people need to be prepared for more frequent and severe weather disasters.

Kentucky after a tornado

The whole house was uprooted and the town was razed to the ground.

According to Washington post, from Friday night to Saturday morning, local time, tornadoes traveled 250 miles in northeastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, northwestern Tennessee and western Kentucky, causing damage along the way, tearing everything apart for more than three hours and then throwing it into the sky. Sometimes, the debris of objects was thrown 9 kilometers high.

The worst-hit town was mayfield, Kentucky, where a tornado uprooted the whole house. After the storm, the whole town was razed to the ground.

Andy Bacher, governor of Kentucky, said that according to the latest report, 70 people have been killed in the state.

According to other media reports, this tornado is not a single one or a few, but more than 30 huge tornado disasters. Up to now, the number of deaths caused by this disaster has exceeded 100.

The scale of this tornado can enter the top ten in American history

This tornado disaster has a large scale (more than 30 times), a wide span (sweeping through six states) and many deaths (more than 100 people at present). According to the analysis of climate experts, it can be among the top ten tornadoes recorded in the United States.

According to the records of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 10 deadliest tornadoes in the United States since 1900 are as follows (in descending order of death toll):

1. 695 people died. March 18th, 1925, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.

2. 216 people died. April 5, 1936, Tupelo, Mississippi.

3. 203 people died. Gainesville, Georgia, April 6, 1936.

4.181 people died. April 9, 1947, Woodward, Oklahoma.

5.158 people died. May 22, 2011, Joplin, Missouri.

6.143 people died. April 24th, 1908, amit, Louisiana and Purves, Mississippi.

7.116 people died. Flint, Michigan, June 8, 1953.

8.114 people died. May 11th, 1953, Waco, Texas.

9.114 people died. May 18th, 1902, Goliath, Texas.

10.103 people died. March 23, 1913, Omaha, Nebraska.

Why do tornadoes frequently occur in the United States?

Why do tornadoes happen so frequently in the United States?

Li Xiaoquan, chief meteorologist of China Weather Network, said: "The United States is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Gulf of Mexico in the south, and the water vapor conditions are very good. When water vapor condenses, a large amount of latent heat of condensation is released, and cumulonimbus clouds are easy to generate and grow; Canada is the north of the United States, which is the birthplace of cold air. The terrain of the United States is transparent from north to south, lacking the barrier of east-west mountains, and hot and cold air can drive straight in. When cold and warm air meet, it is easy to produce strong convective weather such as thunderstorm, strong wind and tornado. Every spring is the frequent season of tornadoes in the United States, because the cold and warm air are evenly matched at this time, and it is easy to cause tornadoes when colliding. "

The United States is a veritable "Tornado Kingdom", with an average of 1,141 tornadoes recorded from 2000 to 2020, and the trend is increasing slightly every year. Comparatively speaking, during the 30 years from 1991 to 2020, there were only 38 tornadoes per year in China.

From 2008 to 2020, the average number of deaths in the United States due to tornadoes was 87 per year. Since the 1950s, there has been an EF5 tornado in the United States every year on average. Can destroy houses and blow up cars).

On May 3, 1999, Oklahoma and Kansas were swept by 66 tornadoes in one day, and the direct economic loss exceeded $1.2 billion. Historically, the number of tornadoes in the United States is 1884, and the number of tornadoes is 944.

Relatively speaking, the number and scale of tornadoes in winter in the United States are relatively small. Since records began, the deadliest one in December was December 5, 1953, in Vicksburg, Mississippi, which killed 38 people. The scale of this tornado easily broke this record.

Global warming may be the culprit.

After the tornado disaster that ravaged the United States this weekend, scientists from the National Weather Service warned that although the exact connection between climate change and tornadoes is still uncertain, higher temperatures may aggravate such violent disasters as tornadoes.

Victor Kingsney, a professor of meteorology at Northern Illinois University, said: "When people see such a disaster today, they will ask, Is this the new normal? It will take us some time to determine what role climate change plays in such an event. But in a warming world, we can say that it is easier to produce tornadoes. "

However, other climate and weather experts point out that tornadoes are one of the most difficult events associated with global warming, in part because tornadoes are relatively few and have a short duration.

Harold Brooks, a senior research scientist at the Severe Storm Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States, said that in recent decades, tornado activities in the United States have become "more changeable", and the number of days when tornadoes are seen has decreased each year, but the number of tornadoes has increased these days, which means that they have become more concentrated in a short period of time.

Although the relationship between tornadoes and global warming cannot be confirmed for the time being, Professor Kingsney pointed out that the continuous warming of the earth is making a series of extreme weather disasters more serious, including longer bad weather seasons and large-scale natural disasters that are not common in history.

This is consistent with the findings released by the United Nations Panel on Climate Change this summer. The survey found that weather-related disasters are becoming more and more extreme and affecting every part of the world as humans continue to emit gases into the atmosphere that cause global warming.

Although the report does not draw a conclusion on the relationship between tornadoes and climate change, it points out that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in the United States are increasing.

"The population is growing, the cities are getting bigger and bigger, and we are producing more and more things," Kingsney said. "I am sure that with the continuous expansion of our human footprint, there will be more disasters."

Original title: The scale of tornadoes in the United States can enter the top ten in history, sweeping through six States, razing towns and killing over 100 people.

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　　Most of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China are mainly subtropical monsoon climate zones, with relatively warm winters, but there have been extremely cold periods in history and even suffered from heavy snow and freezing disasters. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a cold period in the history of China, and the disaster of heavy snow and freezing in the southern region was very serious.

　　First, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, heavy snow and freezing disasters in South China

　　The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was very cold from the middle of the seventeenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the heavy snow in Guizhou lasted for 40 days. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Luoping County was frozen with the moon as big as a column. The cold period from the middle of 18th century to the end of 19th century in Sichuan and Chongqing was not only cold, but also lasted for a long time. During the Ganjia period, there was often heavy snow in Sichuan basin in winter, and the phenomenon of excess snow was very common. For example, in the forty-eight years of Qianlong, heavy snow fell in Sichuan Province, with a thickness of two feet in many places. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing, there were three heavy snows, the temperature was low, the indoor cups and plates were often frozen, and the ice in the water bowl was three inches thick. The low temperature disaster during Guangxu period was even more obvious. For example, in the seventeenth year of Guangxu, the heavy snow in Shifang County condensed into ice strips and ice cubes, which were extremely hard. The oil tanks and vegetables in the house were as cold as glue paint seals, and they could only be opened when they were used by fire. In the winter of the eighteenth year of Guangxu, there was a severe cold in Shuangliu County, and the ice was more than a foot thick. It snowed heavily for several days in Nanchuan county, followed by freezing for more than ten days. In the winter of the 19th year of Guangxu, the river in Wanyuan County was frozen, making it possible to walk on it. According to relevant historical records, such as "the ice is more than a foot thick", "the ice is hard for several days", "the river ice can cross" and "the ice is several feet thick", it can be seen that the climate in Sichuan Basin and surrounding mountainous areas was obviously colder than now.

　　Hubei area is more obviously affected by the cold air in the north due to location factors, and it is prone to freezing disasters. For example, in the ten years of Shunzhi, Hanyang County suffered from severe cold, and the lakes were frozen and could walk. Twenty-nine years of Kangxi, bamboo? The snow in the county is five or six feet deep, and the river is frozen into a beam. In the winter of the 30th year of Kangxi, it was very cold in Fangxian County, the river froze, and many people and animals froze to death. In the winter of Daoguang twenty-one years, the snow in Xianning County was several feet flat and the ice was as hard as stone. In the winter of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Daye County was five feet deep, and the lake ice was thick enough for people to pass. The snow in Pu Yin County is five or six feet deep, and lakes and rivers are all frozen. The snow in Xianning County is four or five feet deep, and many pedestrians are frozen to death. In the first month of the fourth year of Tongzhi, there was heavy snow in Yunyang and the Hanshui River froze. In the winter of Guangxu three years, Xiangyang River was frozen, and ice was everywhere. The river ice in Yicheng county is several inches thick, and the ferryman walks on the ice. In thirteen years, the snow accumulated six feet deep, and the Fuhe River Ivylinna Lee was several feet deep, so vessels of all sizes could not travel, and there was an endless stream of horses and chariots on the river.

　　There were mainly two cold periods in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan, the first was from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of Kangxi, and the second was from Jiaqing to Guangxu. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Youxian County, and the river was frozen, so people could cross it. There are several feet of snow in winter in Ningxiang county, and the river can cross. It snows heavily in winter in Xiangxiang County, and the river is frozen and frozen. The snow in Hengshan county is several feet deep, and the river is frozen, which is more than feet thick. It snowed heavily for 60 days in Leiyang county, and everyone on the river crossed the ice. In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, the snow accumulated in Yuezhou Prefecture for more than ten days, and the lake was frozen, so people could walk across the river. Hengyang county ice, more than 40 days. The heavy snow in Chenzhou, with several feet of ice thickness, was released in February of the following year. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, there was a big ice and a frozen river in Changsha County. It is feasible to freeze the rivers in Shanhua County. After twenty-five years of Qianlong, the pond was frozen. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Pingjiang was three feet deep, and the river was frozen to cross. In the first year of Tongzhi, the snow in Wugang was more than two feet deep and the ice was three inches thick. The pond was feasible, and it was difficult to understand for more than ten days. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, there was heavy snow in Shaoyang, and the ground accumulated two or three feet. The ice was firm and feasible. In Guangxu three years, Leiyang was frozen for more than half a month, and pedestrians suffered.

　　There were also two particularly cold periods in Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The first period was the Kanggan period, and the second period was the late years of Xianfeng and the early years of Tongzhi. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there were dozens of days of heavy snow in Hukou County, and Meijiazhou in Pengli Lake was frozen and could pass people; It is snowing heavily in Xingzi County, and the river is frozen. The heavy snow in Linchuan county has accumulated for more than forty days, and the river ice can be crossed. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Wuning County was snowed for three days, with a depth of five or six feet, and it began to disappear at the end of the month. The rivers and wine jars were all frozen, and the water tanks were broken, so that residents had no water to draw, and they lived by melting snow for water. De ‘an County has been snowing for several days, and the Wushimen River is frozen very thick, so it can drive. It is snowing heavily in Poyang County, and the river is frozen, which is several feet strong and can be driven. The snow in Wannian County is four or five feet deep. Anyone with water in the appliance is known as water crack, and the ice in the pond is full of feet, which is feasible. In the first year of Tongzhi, the hard ice in Jinxian County was six or seven inches thick, and the Yangtze River could pass through chariots and horses, that is, the turbulence was frozen. In Anyi County, the snow fell in the first month of spring, and the rivers closed, pedestrians and camphor trees withered. The first month of yugan county is freezing, and the river ice is thick enough to cross the chariots and horses. The river in Anren County is full of ice, and people go up from the ice. It will be fine for ten days. It snowed heavily in the first month of spring in Wanzai County, dripping into ice.

　　Jiangsu and Anhui provinces are roughly divided into three cold periods, namely, the period of ShunKang Yong Gan, the early years of Tongzhi in the last years of Xianfeng and the middle period of Guangxu. For example, in the tenth year of Shunzhi, Tongcheng was snowed for more than ten days, and the trees were frozen, and the moon was puzzled. When it was snowing heavily, the ice was several feet thick, and the eaves hung on the ground, and many trees froze to death. In the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, the ice of Dongtai River was more than feet thick, and people walked on the ice. Wujiang is cold in winter, and the ice in Taihu Lake is two feet thick. Songjiang prefecture, Lingdian frozen for several days, walking on the ice. In the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Wangjiang. The city was several feet deep, and the frozen ice in lakes and marshes was about six feet. The Huaihe River froze in Xuyi, and the horses and chariots traveled on the ice, and the solution began in February of the following year. In the winter of the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Shucheng and Wuwei were extremely cold, and the river ice was several feet. Wuxian county is cold and snowy, and the river is frozen and cut off. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong, Taihu Lake froze for more than a month. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, there was heavy snow in winter, and the ice was thick enough to pass people. The snow in Guichi is seven or eight feet deep, and the river turns into ice. There is heavy snow in Wuxian county, and the flat land is four or five feet. The ice in Taihu Lake is half a month. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Wusongjiang, Qingpu County, was frozen for ten days. The river port in Jiading County is frozen and pedestrians can walk on the river. In the 19th year of Guangxu, there was heavy snow in Wuxian, and Taihu Lake was frozen to a thickness of feet. Although Lux vertebral chisel could not sail.

　　During this period, the climate in Zhejiang was also very cold, especially in the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Cixi County was cold in winter, and the river was icy, and the boat could not pass through the moon. In the fourth year of Kangxi, the winter in Huzhou was very cold, and the ice in Taihu Lake was blocked. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Taihu Lake in Huzhou was frozen for more than a month, and people could walk on ice. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, it was snowed in Anxian County, and the river was frozen and the boat was blocked for decades. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, the winter in Jiashan County was very cold, which was unprecedented in more than sixty years. After 60 years of Qianlong, the snow in Wucheng County was ten feet deep, Taihu Lake was frozen, and people walked on the ice until the Lantern Festival the following year. In the winter of the seventeenth year of Guangxu, there was a great cold in Changhua County, and the river was ice-accumulated, which was several feet strong and could be used for walking. The snow in Taiping county is more than feet deep, coughing and spitting into ice, and the river is frozen and can’t sail. The snow in Haining is extremely cold, the river ice can be worn, and those who can’t get through the boat are tired. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, all the rivers in Yuyao, Zhejiang were frozen. Heavy snow in Taiping County, coughing into ice, frozen rivers, unable to sail.

　　Studies have shown that Guangdong and Guangxi were equally cold in the Qing Dynasty, with the first low temperature period from the seventh year of Shunzhi to the eleventh year of Qianlong (1650-1750) and the second low temperature period from the ninth year of Daoguang to the second year of Xuantong (1830-1910), with the peaks of the two low temperature periods in the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi and the eighteenth year of Guangxu. For example, in the eighteenth year of Guangxu, the snow in Luchuan, Guangxi was two feet thick, the snow in Qinzhou was like cotton, the snow in Tai Po, Guangdong was three or four inches thick, and the waterfall in the mountain stream was frozen.

　　Since the beginning of the first half of the 20th century, the climate in southern China has become warmer, which is reflected in the relative warmth in the first 50 years. From the 1940s and 1950s, there was a brief cold period, which reached its peak in 1955. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there was an extreme low temperature of about minus 14 degrees Celsius, and both Dongting Lake and Hanshui River were frozen, while Taihu Lake was partially frozen, and the absolute lowest temperature below zero was also recorded in Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　Generally speaking, the winter low temperature disaster in southern China is very serious in the past 300 years. During the cold period, not only the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally have a long period of heavy snow, but also the land is seriously frozen, and most rivers and lakes are frozen. Many rivers and lakes have ice thickness that can pass pedestrians and cars. Not only do people cough and spit into ice in the wild, but also water bowls and wine jars at home freeze, some of which are as thick as three inches. This low temperature freezing situation is unprecedented in the past 100 years. The degree of low-temperature freezing disaster in Sichuan and Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively weak, but some rivers in the northern part of the basin also appear freezing phenomenon, and Mianyang even turns boiling water into ice in an instant, which is more serious than this year’s low-temperature freezing disaster. In the high-altitude Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area, sometimes it snows for as long as 40 days, and the bowl in Kunming freezes, and the degree of low temperature is also higher than that in modern times.

　　According to the 500-year temperature fluctuation map south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains of China, there are four cold periods from the mid-15th century to the 1970s, the mid-17th century, the mid-18th century and the late 19th century, and the cold period generally fluctuates between 100 and 150 years. In the past 300 years, 50 or 60 years in the early Qing Dynasty and 50 years in the late Qing Dynasty were the coldest periods. The extreme peak years of the former period were in the ninth year of Kangxi (in 1670, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan) and in the 29th year of Kangxi (in 1690, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan), while the peak years of the latter period were in the 17th to 19th years of Guangxu (in 1891-1893, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). At the same time, there are relatively extreme low temperature periods of about 50 years in this hundred-year cycle, such as the 26th year of Qianlong (in 1761, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 14th year of Jiaqing (in 1809, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 11th year of Xianfeng and 1st year of Tongzhi (in 1861 and 1862, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) and 1955 (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). Generally speaking, the low temperature degree of the heavy snow and freezing disaster in China this year is not as severe as the two heavy snow and freezing disasters in Kangxi and Guangxu years, nor as severe as the low temperature degree in 1955, but the scope of the disaster is rare. As far as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan areas are concerned, it is at least a once-in-50-year heavy snow and freezing disaster, and it can be described as a once-in-a-century winter low temperature and freezing disaster for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Second, the impact of heavy snow and freezing disasters

　　Due to different social and economic backgrounds, the impact of low temperature and freezing disasters in different periods is also very different.

　　(1) In the traditional era, the socio-economic operation of urban and rural areas was mainly maintained by natural renewable fuels. In the Qing Dynasty, most urban and rural areas in southern China mainly relied on nearby biofuel firewood for heating and lighting, and transportation and communication were also mainly transmitted by people. The natural attributes of life and production were obvious, so the impact of low temperature disasters on the basic survival and production of urban and rural areas was limited. From the traditional era, the low-temperature freezing disaster in the south usually causes "people and animals freeze to death", "fish and turtles freeze to death", "fruit trees wither", "trees are completely broken", "houses are crushed" and "boats are blocked", etc., but it is not easy to make urban and rural areas completely paralyzed. Modern industrial civilization is based on non-renewable and non-biological fuels, and this foundation is often realized by great transportation and transshipment; At the same time, modern fuel-powered transportation has higher requirements for roads, while people and information flow more frequently in modern society, and basic survival has higher requirements for transportation and fuel power. Therefore, once the traffic is blocked, the fuel can’t be transported through the big traffic, and the power is interrupted, the modern industrial civilized society will be completely paralyzed, and the disaster caused to the society will be more obvious.

　　(2) In the Qing Dynasty, the population density in southern China was not as high as that in modern times, and the intensity and scope of economic development were not as good as now, so the impact of low temperature and extreme climate on production and life was objectively limited. Especially in many areas of southern China in the Qing Dynasty, the scale of agricultural production in winter was very limited, and many lands were left fallow. However, with the economic development in southern China, the scale and scope of industrial economy have been greatly expanded, the urban population has soared, modern industrial civilization has been further deepened, and the multi-cropping system of field crops has been popularized, especially the development of a large number of greenhouse planting industries. The impact of low-temperature freezing disasters on urban and rural production and life is much more obvious than that of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Of course, we should also see that in the face of low-temperature and freezing disasters in ancient times, although the scale and degree of the disaster may be small objectively, it is precisely because of the constraints of transportation and communication that people often can’t know the situation in the disaster area in time and can’t carry out disaster relief and mitigation in time, so it often has a great impact on people’s livelihood.

　　It should be pointed out that the modern industrial economy in the south of China has only a history of more than one hundred years, but it only took shape in the last fifty years. In history, this large-scale extremely cold and frozen climate in the south is often a time scale period of one hundred to fifty years, so strictly speaking, the modern industrial civilization in the south of China has not experienced the test of this extremely low temperature and freezing disaster. Therefore, we not only lack the psychological and countermeasure preparation for this emergency, but also lack the construction requirements for preventing this kind of low-temperature freezing disaster, such as building roofs, power transmission, highway and railway transportation, which do not have the technical requirements for preventing extreme low-temperature freezing under high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to strengthen the research on the prevention of extreme freezing weather in winter and establish corresponding preventive countermeasures in the urban and rural construction and social development in southern China. (Author: Institute of Historical Geography, Southwest University)

Editor: Li Erqing

　　This week, a mutant strain of COVID-19 called "Delta" sounded a new alert for the global epidemic.

　　According to the Guardian, 99% of the new cases in Britain are infected with the "Delta" strain. WHO pointed out that 92 countries and regions around the world have detected the spread of the "Delta" strain. On June 25th, WHO Director-General Tan Desai was worried.

　　WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus:"Delta" mutant strain is the most transmissible strain found so far, which has appeared in at least 85 countries and regions and is spreading rapidly among unvaccinated people.

　　A few days ago, WHO confirmed that the strain had spread to 92 countries and regions.

　　Swaminatan, chief scientist of WHO:Because the spreading ability of the "Delta" mutant strain has been significantly enhanced, this mutant strain in Covid-19 is becoming the main Covid-19 mutant strain in the world.

　　The "Delta" mutant strain was first discovered in India in October, 2020, and was named B.1.617.2 scientifically.

　　In May this year, in order to avoid the stigma associated with a specific country and facilitate its use, WHO announced the use of Greek letters to name the mutant strains found in various countries.

　　The four mutant strains listed as "needing attention" by WHO have new names corresponding to the first four letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

　　Among them, alpha, beta and gamma mutant strains all have a mutation called "N501Y", which seems to strengthen the infectivity of the virus to cells and make the virus spread more easily.

　　Beta and gamma mutant strains also have a key mutation, called "E484K", which may enable the virus to avoid being blocked by the immune system.

　　The mutation of "Delta" mutant strain is different. Initially, "Delta" was considered as a "double mutant" virus.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:First discovered and reported by India, there are two mutations, E484Q and L452R.

　　Djamil, dean of Trivedi School of Biological Sciences, Asoka University, pointed out in an exclusive interview with Xilong Times that the statement of "double mutation" is not accurate. The Delta variety contains 15 mutations in total, 6 of which occur in spike protein, and 3 of them are key: L452R, E484Q and P681R.

　　L452R improves the ability of virus to invade cells, E484Q helps to enhance the immune escape of virus, and P681R can also make virus enter cells more effectively.

　　The combined effect of these mutations makes the "Delta" mutant strain partially avoid some neutralizing antibodies, so it is more infectious.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:We know that the "Delta" variant does increase the spread, which means that it can be more easily spread among people. This is related to known mutations, which allow viruses to adhere to cells and invade cells more easily.

　　The BBC synthesized data from Imperial College London and The Lancet magazine, and compared the basic infection number of COVID-19 mutant strain with other viruses, that is, R0.

　　R0 of "Alpha" mutant strain is 4-mdash; 5. That is to say, without any intervention of epidemic prevention measures, a patient infected with "Alpha" mutant strain can continue to transmit the virus to 4— Five people.

　　R0 of Delta mutant strain is 5-mdash; 8；

　　The R0 of mumps is 12;

　　The R0 of measles is 18.

　　A study in The Lancet, an international medical journal, shows that the risk of hospitalization is twice as high for people infected with the "Delta" mutant strain as for people infected with the "Alpha" mutant strain.

　　Hairdressing shop owner Shawang:We used to earn 300,000 to 350,000 rupees a month, but now we are completely losing money, and most hairdressers have returned to their villages.

　　This is Maharashtra, one of India’s major economic and cultural centers.

　　According to the international authoritative journal Nature, in the past few months, the highly contagious "Delta" mutant strain has spread rapidly in India and has become the main strain prevalent in Maharashtra. But the ferocity of "Delta" does not stop there.

　　In March this year, researchers first discovered a further variant of the "Delta+"strain in Europe. In early April, "Delta+"was also detected in Maharashtra.

　　According to a report by India’s New Delhi TV Station on June 23rd, at least 40 cases of "Delta+"infection have been found in seven Indian states including Maharashtra, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh, among which Maharashtra has reported more than 20 cases.

　　Trust card for director of hospital intensive care unit:A large number of vulnerable people live in rural areas, suburbs and small towns. This time we expect the virus to spread to these areas intelligently.

　　At present, two-thirds of the new cases in COVID-19 come from rural areas, and about 30% of the urban population has been vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, compared with only 15% in rural areas.

　　Local health workers also said: "When we go for virus testing or talk to them, sometimes people will tell us to leave, otherwise they will beat us, and sometimes they will throw stones and bricks."

　　This week, the Ministry of Health of India pointed out that the "Delta+"strain has stronger transmission ability, and adjusted the classification of this new strain from "variant of interest" to "variant of concern".

　　Maharashtra Health Minister Top:We have issued instructions to all subordinate officials to pay close attention to infection cases related to "Delta+"variant.

　　According to a report by the BBC on the 24th, the "Delta+"strain has been found in at least 10 countries including the United States, Britain, Portugal, Switzerland, Japan and Russia. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has recently entered a full blockade every weekend.

　　Portuguese National Guard spokesperson Cagnotto:Drivers know the rules, they know that it is forbidden to leave and enter Lisbon metropolitan area, and the traffic on Friday afternoon is much less than usual.

　　Newsstand operator:I think all measures to reduce the number of cases are good. I am located in the city center and I see that all foreign tourists don’t wear masks.

　　Lisbon and the Tejo Valley are the regions with the most serious epidemic in Portugal.

　　According to the report released by the Portuguese National Institute of Health, among the recent new cases in Lisbon, the infection cases related to the "Delta" mutant strain accounted for more than 60%, and some local epidemiologists believe that this proportion has reached 70%.

　　Due to the obvious deterioration of the epidemic, the United Kingdom removed Portugal from the British green navigation list in early June.

　　Simon, an English tourist in Portugal:I’m very angry. I’ve missed half my holiday. Now it costs me a lot of money to change my flight in order not to be quarantined after returning home.

　　On June 21st, Portuguese Health Minister temido said that the spread speed of the "Delta" mutant strain has exceeded the speed of vaccination.

　　Portuguese cabinet spokesman da Silva:We think it’s very important now not to let Lisbon’s current difficulties spread to other regions.

　　On June 23rd, the gymnasium of Lisbon University was temporarily used as the vaccination center for COVID-19, which was operated by the Portuguese Armed Forces to vaccinate people over 50 years old. President De appeared at the vaccination site.

　　Portuguese President De:We are here to call attention to this priority, and the Portuguese are racing against time with unity and cooperation.

　　On June 24th, during the EU summit, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that Germany and Europe were treading on thin ice.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:We need to be vigilant, especially in the face of Covid-19’s new variety "Delta", which reminds us to be cautious.

　　A few days ago, Merkel had just received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

　　Willer, Director of robert koch Research Institute:Since the second week of June, because there is always a certain time lag in statistics, the proportion has reached 15%, but we think the proportion will certainly be higher today.

　　German Federal Minister of Health Span warned that it was only a matter of time before the Delta strain continued to spread and became the most important strain in Germany.

　　On June 23rd, the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the latest epidemic model forecast: It is estimated that by the beginning of August, 70% of the newly confirmed cases in the EU and EEA countries will be caused by the "Delta" mutant strain, and by the end of August, this proportion will rise to 90%.

　　Kruger, Director of the WHO Regional Office for Europe:The worrying "Delta" variety, showing stronger transmission and some immune escape ability, is preparing to take root in the European region.

　　In contrast, on June 24th, US President Biden appeared in Raleigh, the "Oak City" in North Carolina. According to Bloomberg, this is a vaccine trip.

　　US President Biden:The dangerous mutant strain continues to spread, and it is now a very common variant in the United States. People who are not vaccinated are very vulnerable, which is also a concern of experts about the "Delta" strain.

　　In May this year, Biden confidently announced the next stage of epidemic prevention goal in the United States, that is, 70% of American adults should be vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before July 4, the day of American independence, and 160 million American adults should be vaccinated with two doses.

　　However, according to the CDC data, as of June 22nd, only about 65% of adults in the United States have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Only 55% in North Carolina. White House officials admit that Biden’s epidemic prevention goal may not be completed as scheduled.

　　White House COVID-19 Epidemic Response Coordinator Zienz:There is still a lot of work to be done in this country, especially for people aged 18 to 26. The fact is that many young people in the United States feel that the COVID-19 epidemic will not affect them, and they have no desire to get vaccinated.

　　On June 24th, a strange conversation between Biden and CNN reporter further aroused people’s anxiety.

　　In the eyes of some Americans, Biden was once again questioned as to whether he could be trusted, except for the new nickname "Joe the Terrible".

　　Defense lawyer Woodfield:For the first time in the history of our country, private employers told their employees that as a condition of your employment, you must take part in the vaccine test, which has never happened in the history of our country.

　　In Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas, hundreds of employees were fired or forced to resign because they didn’t want to be vaccinated. Nurse bridges took the lead in bringing a lawsuit against the hospital.

　　Bridges, a former nurse at Houston Methodist Hospital:At first, 117 people joined us, and now we will add another 70 people. We hope that Methodist hospitals will be responsible for their actions, and we hope that the public will know that we should not lose our jobs.

　　Bloomberg pointed out that the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly in several states with insufficient vaccination, especially in Missouri and Utah, where more and more young people go to hospitals. These data release a clear signal that the epidemic in the United States has rebounded.

　　Frederick, Chief Executive Officer of Missouri Mercy Hospital:At the end of this week, 60% to 65% of the patients who entered the intensive care unit were under 40 years old, which was shocking compared with last year.

　　According to the data released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on June 22nd, more than 20% of the newly confirmed cases in the United States in the last two weeks were infected with the "Delta" strain, while in the report released on June 8th, this figure was only about 6%.

　　Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Now this proportion is 20%, and it can be predicted that it will become the main virus-causing strain in the next few weeks to a month.

　　At present, the high-profile European Championship is in full swing in 11 European countries, and in the face of the fierce counterattack epidemic, UEFA is also very headache about what to do in the next competition.

　　Not only that, there is only less than one month before the opening of the Tokyo Olympics. This week, Japanese public health experts also said that "the Tokyo epidemic tends to rebound, which is very worrying."

　　On June 25th, Beijing time, UEFA announced the best team in the group stage of the European Championship, among which Cristiano Ronaldo, the Portuguese star who was crowned the top scorer in the history of the European Championship finals, was selected with the highest score.

　　Wembley Stadium in London, England will be the venue for the semi-finals and finals of the European Championship. On June 22nd, UEFA announced that the British government has agreed to further increase the attendance rate of Wembley Stadium during the European Championship, and the opening rate of the stadium will increase from 25% during the group stage to 75%, which means that more than 60,000 spectators will be accepted in each of the three semi-finals on July 6th and 7th and the final on July 11th.

　　Wembley Stadium will witness the largest audience of British sports events in 15 months, the British Department of Digitalization, Culture, Media and Sports wrote on the top official Twitter.

　　British Health Minister Hancock:The European Championship is going well. The final will be held at Wembley Stadium. I also went to Wembley on Friday night. It was great to hear the noise of the crowd again.

　　However, the recent obvious deterioration of the epidemic in Britain has also caused many people to worry about whether holding large-scale events here will bring risks.

　　Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi:Yes, I advocate that the finals should not be held in countries where the risk of infection is growing rapidly.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:Britain is a high-risk area for virus variants, which means that anyone from Britain to Germany will need to be quarantined for 14 days.

　　Since May, the number of newly confirmed cases in Britain has increased rapidly, and has recently rebounded to more than 10,000 cases per day.

　　On June 25th, the British Ministry of Public Health said that among the newly confirmed cases in the past week, 96% were caused by the "Delta" strain, compared with 99% in the previous week, and the cumulative number of people suffering from the "Delta" strain in Britain has reached 11157.

　　British Prime Minister Johnson:This is why we are so worried about the "Delta" variant, which is now spreading faster than the third wave of epidemic predicted in February.

　　On June 18th, the match between England and Scotland was held at Wembley Stadium, and a large number of Scottish fans "went south" into London, which brought a lot of pressure to the prevention and control of the epidemic in London.

　　On June 13th, Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, was photographed celebrating the 1-0 victory of the Three Lions in Trafalgar Square. The excited crowd seemed to have completely forgotten to observe the epidemic prevention regulations.

　　According to the British "Times" report, among the 24 teams participating in the European Championship, except England, Scotland and Wales, the countries and regions to which the other teams belong are all on the orange or even red list of the epidemic in the UK. According to the British epidemic prevention policy, they must be quarantined for 10 days after arriving in the UK. Previously, the British government granted "isolation exemption" to the players, coaches and staff of the participating teams in order to hold the event smoothly. However, UEFA requested that 2,500 officials and VIPs also be granted "isolation exemption" so that they can directly enter Wembley Stadium to watch the game.

　　This puts the British government in a dilemma. If it accepts UEFA’s request, it will arouse the dissatisfaction of its own people. If it refuses, UEFA threatens to move both semi-finals and finals to Budapest, Hungary, where the epidemic situation is well controlled, which is also unacceptable to Britain.

　　The same dilemma also happened in Japan. On June 20th, the Olympic Village of the Tokyo Olympic Games was opened to the media for the first time, and the place where more than 10,000 athletes from more than 200 countries and regions lived was finally presented to the world.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:With regard to the response to the COVID-19 epidemic, up to now, 80% of all people from all over the world have been vaccinated.

　　However, just the day before, on the 19th, one of the nine members of the Ugandan delegation who arrived in Tokyo tested positive for COVID-19 screening at the airport. Japanese Olympic Secretary Tamayo Marukawa confirmed that this person was infected with the "Delta" mutant strain. However, all members of the Ugandan delegation had completed two doses of vaccination before going to Japan and provided negative test certificates within 72 hours. On the 23rd, another member of the Ugandan delegation was tested positive, and many Japanese workers who came into contact with it were also isolated, which cast a shadow over the upcoming Olympic Games.

　　On July 23rd, the Tokyo Olympic Games is about to open, less than a month from now. According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, about 94,000 people will enter Japan during the Olympic Games, which has sparked a debate about the number of spectators at the Olympic Games.

　　On June 21st, the Japanese government, the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee held five-party talks online, and it was formally decided that the number of people watching the Olympic Games on site should not exceed 50% of the venue capacity, with a maximum of 10,000 people.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:We have received a suggestion that if no spectators are allowed to enter, we can hold the Olympic Games more safely.

　　Many experts, including Shigeru Omi, the chief medical consultant of the Japanese government, believe that it is the least risky way to hold an event without an audience.

　　Only in this way, the publicity effect of the Tokyo Olympic Games will be weakened. For the upcoming election of the Japanese House of Representatives after the Olympic Games, the boosting effect will also be discounted. Kyodo News noted that Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide was anxious about this situation.

　　Japanese Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide:If it is necessary to implement a state of emergency, I will respond flexibly, not open the stadium to any audience, and hold an event with public safety as the first priority.

　　According to the research forecast of Xipu Bo, a professor of epidemiology at Kyoto University, by July 23rd, the opening of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the positive cases caused by the "Delta" mutant strain will account for 70% of all newly confirmed cases.

　　According to the results of a poll released by Kyodo News, among 2,000 respondents, 86% are worried that the Olympic Games and Paralympics will lead to the further expansion of the epidemic, 40.3% think that the Olympic Games should be held in an empty venue, and 30.8% think that it should be cancelled.

　　Tokyo citizens:As a resident, I am worried that the city may become crowded and Covid-19 will spread further.

　　Regarding the situation of epidemic prevention and control, Indian immunologist Barr stressed that no matter what kind of Covid-19 is targeted at, "vaccination will always put you in a better position to fight infection".

Cover journalist Huang Yong

Han surname (13) | Han E, a famous folk singer in the pre-Qin period, told her story in three days with the idiom lingering.

During the Han Dynasty, the two counties named Yingchuan County and Nanyang County gradually formed. At the same time, Han people spread widely and moved to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Shandong, Gansu, Hebei, Beijing and some areas in the north.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, people surnamed Han were very dazzling on the historical stage, and even decided the direction of history. Among them, three Han Xin have their own wonderful stories.

Let’s talk about the first Han Xin. It is said that he was the last king of South Korea, Han An, one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, who was a descendant of Wang An.

After the demise of Korea, Han Wang ‘an was moved to Yingchen, the former capital of Chu.

As we mentioned earlier, Wang An-han is also a backward king. When he took over the South Korean landscape from his father Han Huanhui and Wang Hanran, this landscape was no longer in its heyday, but was in a declining state.

More importantly, Han Wang also inherited the incompetence of his parents.

During Han Zhaohou’s reign, South Korea was also weak and often beaten, but he reused Shen Buhai as a prime minister, and made it strong through political reform, which made South Korea become strong soon, stubbornly standing among the predatory vassal states, and became one of the seven heroes of the Warring States.

If Han Wang ‘an had a little ability, although he inherited a mess full of holes, but he managed it carefully and worked hard, South Korea would not have become the first country among the six males to be eaten by Qin.

If Han Wang-an can see clearly the international situation at that time, understand Qiang Qin’s hegemonic position and follow Qin wholeheartedly, maybe South Korea can survive for some time.

However, these are all assumptions, and history will not have assumptions and will not come again.

After Qin destroyed South Korea, it was more tolerant of Han Wang, who did not make much fierce resistance. After all, Han Wang surrendered voluntarily when he was cornered.

Therefore, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, did not kill Han Wang, nor did he move him to a remote area far away from the Central Plains, but moved him to Yingchen (once the capital of Chu) not far from South Korea, leaving room for moderation.

In doing so, Ying Zheng aims to let Han Wang-an leave South Korea, cut off the connection between him and Koreans, and guard against possible accidents.

But what Ying Zheng didn’t expect was that Ying Chen had been a hot spot against Qin since he was captured by Qin Jun. Not only did the old people of Chu rebel constantly, but also anti-Qin fugitives from all over the world gathered here. Zhang Liang, for example, once came here to secretly engage in anti-Qin activities after his demise in South Korea.

Historically, after any country is destroyed, there will be unwilling adherents who continue to engage in resistance activities, and Korean adherents are no exception. Their desire to resist Qin and revive South Korea has not died out and they have never stopped underground resistance.

Han Wang ‘an was moved to Yingchen by Ying Zheng, which became the fuse of Korean anti-Qin activities from underground to ground, from concealment to publicity.

An anti-Qin rebellion broke out in South Korea, and Han Wang was implicated and died.

Shortly after Han Wang ‘an was moved to Yingchen, in 226 BC, a large-scale anti-Qin rebellion broke out in Xinzheng, the former capital of South Korea’s old aristocracy.

For this rebellion, the historical records are unknown, and it is difficult to know its detailed process.

But we can infer that the purpose of resistance is to revive South Korea. In this case, there must be a reason to advocate and call on everyone to rise up against Qin, otherwise everyone will listen to you when you say you are against Qin. You have to give a specific reason first.

This reason must be visible, tangible and possible. The biggest possibility is to call on everyone to rise up against Qin in the name of Han Wang’ an.

Therefore, this rebellion, not only played the name of Han Wang’ an, but also had a plan to "rob the prison", that is, to save Han Wang’ an from Xi Chen and lead everyone to fight against Qin together.

Only such a national salvation route and plan can make people believe that the resistance is reliable, hopeful and hopeful.

Of course, the final result was that the resistance failed, and Qin Jun suppressed the uprising.

As for the ending of Han Wang ‘an, relevant historical materials say that Han Wang ‘an died shortly after this rebellion.

It is worth noting that there is no historical data showing that Han Wang was executed or died of rebellion.

Then, why did Han Wang ‘an die soon after the failure of the Korean rebellion? It is obviously a bit illogical to say that his death has nothing to do with the resistance.

If Ying Zheng wanted to let Wang An die, he should have been killed after the demise of South Korea, so as not to bother to move Wang An to Xi Chen and put him under house arrest, and to send heavily guarded.

Therefore, it is most likely that after Ying Zheng suppressed the Korean rebellion, after investigation, he found evidence that Han Wang was involved in this rebellion.

In order to put an end to future troubles, cut off the rebels’ hope of using Han Wang-an to restore the country, and with Ying Zheng’s temper, simply let Han Wang-an die, cut off this influential "flag", get rid of it once and for all, and end up quiet.

From this point of view, the death of Han Wang ‘an should be caused by the involvement of South Korean resistance activities.

Of course, there is another possibility, that is, Han Wang did participate in the planning behind the rebellion, and was later involved in the rebellion and killed in it.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, Han Xin participated in the establishment of achievements in quelling the rebellion between Zhu and Lu.

How many sons does Han Wang An have? There is no detailed record in historical materials. But this Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty is said to be the descendant of Han Yun, the second son of Han Wang.

Han Yunsheng Han Long, Han Longsheng Han Zhi, and Han Zhi gave birth to Han Xin.

In the 4th year of Emperor Hui of the Western Han Dynasty (191 BC), Han Xin was recommended as Xiao Lian and entered the official career.

In 195 BC, Liu Bang died, Prince Liu Ying ascended the throne as Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, and Empress Dowager Lv Zhi began to monopolize power.

In August 188 BC, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty died of depression. Lv Zhi made Liu Gong, the eldest son and prince of Liu Ying, the emperor, and became the first person in the dictatorship of Empress China.

In order to strengthen her rule, Lv Zhi constantly cracked down on Liu’s princes and ministers who opposed her, and sealed her maiden family’s consorts with Lu’s surname, and successively made more than 10 Lu’s family kings and princes, which was called "Zhu Lu" in history.

In August 180 BC, Lv Zhi died of illness. The struggle for power broke out between the consorts group of Lu and the royal group of Liu, and the founding heroes Chen Ping and zhou bo responded, and the kings of Liu rose up and killed Zhu Lu. In the end, the Liu family group won.

Lu Jia and Chen Ping conspired against Zhu Lu. (according to the comic book)

In quelling the rebellion of Zhu-Lv, Han Xin also participated in it, made great achievements, and was appointed as County Yin. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Han Xin was made a captain for riding cars, and later he was promoted to the position of Governor of Hejiang County.

According to legend, this descendant of Han Xin changed his surname to He in order to avoid disaster because Han Xin offended the powerful people in the DPRK when he was an official.

Many researchers have expressed doubts about this statement, which is not shown here for the time being.

[Next attention]

Han surname (15) | Han Xin, the marquis of Huaiyin, was wiped out after his death. Did he have any descendants to survive?

　　BEIJING, Shennongjia, October 25 (Luo Yongbin, Peng Linpeng) On the night of October 24, adult giant pandas "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" arrived safely in Shennongjia, Hubei Province. This is considered to be the return of giant pandas to Shennongjia after more than 100 years, marking a key step in public education and scientific research of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　At 11: 00 a.m. on the same day, two giant pandas, escorted by shennongjia national nature reserve and the staff of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, set off from Qingchengshan Base in Dujiangyan, flew to Yichang Airport in Hubei via Chengdu, and then arrived at their "new home" in Guanmenshan, shennongjia national nature reserve by land that night. Routine inspection of the entourage showed that the two giant pandas were in good health and stable mood after arriving at home, and soon began to taste new food — — Fargesia shennong.

　　The two giant pandas who returned to their hometown Shennongjia this time were born in 2008, in their prime of life, healthy and lively, and they are about to start a new life in Shennongjia.

　　In 2015, in order to enrich and expand the field of natural science research in Shennongjia, the Party Committee and Government of Shennongjia Forest Region drew up a plan to implement the national treasure panda public education project in shennongjia national nature reserve, which was supported by the State Forestry Administration.

　　In recent years, according to the procedures and requirements of the public education and scientific research project on giant pandas, Shennongjia Forest Area has organized many batches of experts to carry out a large number of investigations, studies and demonstrations, initiated and implemented administrative examination and approval, venue construction, food sources, technology and financial guarantee, and finally decided to implement the panda arrival plan in late October.

　　The China International Conference on the Protection of Giant Pandas held from 19th to 21st of this month clearly stated that giant pandas are the common property of human beings and are still in an endangered state. All parties will make joint efforts to carry out in-depth cooperation in in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation and public education of giant pandas. The implementation of public education and scientific research on giant pandas in Shennongjia is of great significance to enhance the public’s awareness and cognition of panda protection, effectively improve the protection and research ability of rare wild animals in Shennongjia, and carry out research on the food source and living environment of giant pandas in Shennongjia.

　　Shennongjia is the first "Triple Crown" heritage site in China, and its biodiversity has been widely recognized all over the world.

　　In September this year, the China Giant Panda Protection Research Center organized experts to inspect Shennongjia. In the assessment, it was pointed out that the ecological characteristics of Shennongjia and Sichuan Wolong Nature Reserve were very similar, and the climate and temperature, bamboo source types and quantities, and forest canopy were all in line with the living environment of giant pandas. At the same time, Shennongjia forest region has strong strength and fruitful achievements in the field of golden monkey protection and research, which can provide strong scientific and technological support and personnel support for the protection and development of giant pandas in the future.

　　It is understood that the newly-built Shennongjia Giant Panda Pavilion covers an area of more than 7,000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 1,700 square meters. Its natural environment and supporting research facilities can effectively meet the comfort and safety standards of giant pandas, and also meet the conditions for public display and scientific research.

　　Historical data show that Shennongjia was once a paradise for giant pandas, and the indirect influence of natural environment changes and human activities led to the disappearance of giant pandas in this area. It is of great significance and great responsibility for Shennongjia to welcome back the giant panda and carry out public education and scientific research. In order to achieve this goal at an early date, shennongjia national nature reserve has made careful, meticulous and meticulous preparations in environmental conditions, daily management, staffing, food source supply, disease prevention and control, etc.

　　According to the personage of Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the "Olympic Games" and "Yunyun" have a long-distance transportation, and there is still a process of adaptation to the new environment. Shennongjia Nature Reserve will cooperate with the technicians of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, take care of them, and make them better adapt to their "new home" as soon as possible. After quarantine, they will be visited by friendly humans.

On July 18th, recently, some owner users of Zhixing shared their experience videos in the user center on the Internet platform, and emphatically introduced the dining-related experience, and nicknamed the user center as "HarmonyOS Hotel" and "Wenjie Hotel".

IT House noticed that Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei and chairman of terminal BG, also shared his experience in "HarmonyOS Hotel" yesterday:

It’s very distinctive to come to HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center in Inner Mongolia for supper. We have launched more than 600 user centers across the country.Free vehicle inspection in summer, including More than 200 companies support HarmonyOS Zhixing starry night service., convenient for users to come after work, check a car,Have a mealFeel free to go home.

It is worth mentioning that Yu Chengdong also shared the menu of Guest Meal Week in Zhixing User Center in HarmonyOS, Inner Mongolia: the dinner time is 19:30-21:30, and during the period from July 14th to July 20th, the daily dishes are different, but they are all Chinese.Roughly including four main dishes+one soup+one fruit.The staple food is expected to be rice.

At present, the official meal price has not been announced yet. IT House called the local HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center and learned that,Car owners and users are free to eat, and no related fees are charged.. For reference, HarmonyOS Zhixing announced on the community platform at the end of last month that its offline layout reached a new high, and 32 new user centers were built from April to May. At present, there are 290+ users in Wenjie User Center, 160+ users in HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center and 710+ users in Experience Center. It is reported that HarmonyOS Zhixing will build high-end store services, including store image, exhibition hall environment, sales reception, coffee service, delivery ceremony and after-sales service. In addition, HarmonyOS Zhixing plans to build a 350+ user center in 2025.

　　Wen _ Dianbingtang

　　It is said that at the end of World War II, the German Third Reich, which was violently attacked by the East and West lines of the Allies, came to an end in the rumble of guns.

　　Driven by madness and despair, German scientists put all their eggs in one basket and put forward a large number of new weapon designs, such as the "Giant Mouse" super heavy tank weighing more than 1,000 tons and the "Silver Bird" space plane with a range of 20,000 kilometers. These weapons, which are divorced from rationality and common sense, are jokingly called "Nazi black technology" by future military enthusiasts.

　　Among them, there is a "black technology" with the strongest power and the largest amount of work-and it is also the most impossible to achieve. This is the protagonist of this article: the solar cannon.

　　The fantasy of the solar cannon originated in 1929. In this year, hermann oberth, a famous German rocket scientist, accidentally opened a shocking brain hole in the process of daily research: launching a huge reflector with a diameter of 100 meters into space, which can reflect sunlight to the earth at night. In this way, ordinary crops can enjoy the sunshine 24 hours a day, and the growth rate can be greatly accelerated, thus rapidly increasing the grain output of the fields. In addition, large cities can also get enough light, thus saving a lot of electricity consumed in the lighting system.

　　Oberth recalled: "The sun mirror I imagined is like a naughty student reflecting on the ceiling of the classroom with a mirror. If this light shines across the teacher’s face, it will probably cause him unhappiness. And I am a school teacher who has collected enough data to make this mirror. "

　　With the outbreak of World War II, oberth and his favorite pupil, the famous German rocket scientist Werner wernher von braun, were recruited into the German rocket research and development department to develop the famous V-2 rocket for the army. In the process, oberth revealed the idea of this orbital solar reflector to the German army. After understanding the specific working principle, the German army organized a group of experts to improve oberth’s ideas. In the end, the orbital solar reflector originally conceived for peaceful use was transformed into the doomsday weapon plan of the German army: the solar cannon!

　　In fact, reflecting sunlight as a weapon is not a brand-new design. As early as more than two thousand years ago, there was a legend in Greece that Archimedes used a reflector to focus sunlight and burn the invading Roman fleet. However, the Nazis magnified the power of this concept to an unprecedented order of magnitude this time. According to the German vision, as long as a giant concave mirror is launched into space and enough sunlight is gathered, it can produce an ultra-high temperature that no defense facility can resist, burn enemy warships on the ground and even destroy enemy cities!

　　At that time, it seemed that the idea of solar cannon as an orbital weapon was undoubtedly very advanced. Once it is realized, it is definitely conan the destroyer’s big killer. However, the rocket technology of World War II is still in its infancy. Nazi Germany consumed a lot of resources and only developed a V-2 ballistic missile with a bomb load of 1 ton. It is undoubtedly an idiotic dream to use it to launch solar cannons that must be deployed in high-altitude space orbit. After the war, oberth and Braun were captured by American troops together. During the interrogation, oberth poured beans out of the bamboo tube and gave the details of the solar gun plan to the American interrogators in detail.

　　When the news reached Life magazine in the United States, the olfactory-sensitive editor was immediately attracted by the theme "The Nazis tried to scorch the earth with a sun mirror". They started at full speed at once. In July 1945, when the Second World War was not completely over, Life magazine made this amazing secret weapon of Nazi Germany public.

　　According to Life magazine, Nazi Germany’s solar cannon is an unprecedented giant weapon and the largest artificial object ever designed by human beings. In order to focus enough sunlight and cause devastating killing effect, this weapon will be suspended in a space orbit with a height of 8,200 kilometers, with a reflector area of over 9 square kilometers and a weight of one million tons. Once completed, it will be more than 100,000 times more powerful than Archimedes’ mirror, and it can easily destroy any big city, which can be called killing people and killing Buddha!

　　According to the idea of Nazi scientists, the work of building a space station began with the launch of an unmanned rocket. When the rocket enters the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, it will unfold six long metal cables, which are only about 0.5-1.5 inches in diameter, and will be deployed in place by themselves under the rotation of the rocket as the starting skeleton of the solar cannon project.

　　Next, the subsequent rocket will transport a pair of sunglasses components from the earth to space. These sunglasses components are essentially hollow metal frames made of sodium. On the earth, high-purity metallic sodium will be rapidly oxidized and lose its luster. However, there is no such problem in space. Sodium metal has good reflection effect and low density, and it is an ideal raw material for sunglasses in the eyes of Germans. Along the skeleton, the sunglasses components are pieced together one by one, and the installation angles are slightly different from each other. Finally, a huge concave mirror can be assembled, and the solar cannon is finished.

　　After the solar cannon is completed, this huge mirror will leave a round hole with a diameter of 30 feet wide as a connecting channel. The cargo rocket launched from the earth will be inserted into this round hole in a seamless way to transport building materials and supplies for the solar cannon. In fact, as long as we compare the modern space station, we can find that the German design was too complicated. As long as the operation is a little careless, the launch vehicle is likely to cause irreparable damage to the docking channel, which will directly affect the safety of the solar cannon. However, in the 1940s, it was not easy for German scientists to have such a design.

　　The solar cannon is actually a giant space station, which needs to accommodate a large number of people for daily maintenance. To this end, German scientists deliberately launched various designs.

　　First of all, the energy problem of solar cannons should be solved. In this space station with an area of 9 square kilometers and a weight of millions of tons, the operation of any equipment needs the promotion of energy. Where does the energy come from? The reader’s first reaction may be to directly convert sunlight into electric energy. However, in the 1940s, the technology of solar cells was still far from mature, so the Germans chose the principle of steam turbine-placing a transparent totally enclosed water tank on the outside of sunglasses, using sunlight to heat water, generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam, driving the turbine to drive the generator, and then transporting the cooled water back to the water tank, thus generating a steady stream of electric energy.

　　Secondly, in the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, the interior of the space station is almost weightless. In order to make workers move relatively freely, scientists have designed special "space shoes", with magnets installed on the soles, which can be stably adsorbed on the metal floor to create an environment similar to the ground.

　　However, the next question is quite important. Living in space, where does the oxygen that workers breathe come from? How to get food?

　　The German solution made future generations feel incredible-pumpkin!

　　From the perspective of Nazi scientists, pumpkins can effectively consume carbon dioxide exhaled by workers and provide sufficient oxygen, and more importantly, pumpkins are nutritious and healthy food. As for eating pumpkins all day, will it lead to a decline in staff morale? Germans don’t seem to think too much. Maybe in their view, this is a problem that can be solved by preparing more spices. As a result, thousands of hydroponic farms were placed inside the space station, all of which were used to grow pumpkins. It is worth mentioning that these pumpkins can’t be directly exposed to sunlight, because there is a lack of air in outer space, which can’t filter out some cosmic rays that are unfavorable to plant growth. Therefore, some of the electric energy output by the generator of the space station is used for fluorescent lamps instead of sunlight to illuminate pumpkins and help them carry out photosynthesis.

　　After providing a suitable living environment, the next step is the control of the solar cannon. How to aim at a target and focus sunlight on a point is a very challenging job. Behind the mirror with an area of 9 square kilometers, there are many miniature rocket engines. By adjusting the thrust of the engine, the staff can push the solar cannon to rotate slowly. What needs to be explained here is that even with the back to the sun, the other side of the mirror is polished to minimize the solar radiation.

　　In addition to marveling at the huge amount of work, Life magazine thinks that the height of solar cannons is low, and the best deployment position should be geosynchronous orbit 36,000 kilometers away from the earth. Here, the solar cannon can keep relatively static with the earth, and the staff have enough time to adjust the angle of the mirror and aim at the target on the earth. In addition, American calculations show that the diameter of the spot reflected by the solar cannon to the earth may be 40 miles, which means that the focusing effect is not enough to produce any destructive power.

　　For this, oberth did not agree. "This beam is really not hotter than the sun on the equator, but if the diameter of the mirror is doubled, the irradiation intensity will be four times, and the temperature of the beam irradiated on the ground will be as high as 200 degrees. This beam may not be able to directly burn the city or blow up the battleship, but it can definitely cook the humans on the ground! "

　　When the war ended, oberth devoted himself to the study of UFO phenomenon, and firmly believed that human beings would one day be able to build the solar reflector he envisioned and put it into peaceful use. On December 28th, 1989, when the Iron Curtain of the Cold War was about to fall, oberth died quietly. At this time, his dream-the goal of making a sun mirror in earth orbit-has still not been realized.

　　What oberth didn’t know was that after the war, at the other end of the Iron Curtain, a Soviet rocket scientist was trying to realize his ideal.

　　In the late 1980s, Vladimir Sergevich Syromyatnikov (hereinafter referred to as Tennikov), a famous Soviet space scientist and inventor of the docking mechanism of Soviet/International Space Station spacecraft, came up with a solar reflector scheme to solve the lighting problem in the polar regions of the Soviet Union at midnight. Although the solar reflector he designed was not as crazy as the Nazi German solar cannon, it was enough to provide a full moon-like lighting effect for the area 5 kilometers above Fiona Fang. According to Tennikov’s idea, this design can completely ensure night lighting, making street lamps and flashlights a decoration.

　　Soon after, the powerful red empire collapsed, but Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was unexpectedly unaffected. On October 27th, 1992, the cargo ship "Progress M-15" was successfully launched with the solar reflector "Flag 2" designed by Tennikov. After completing the replenishment mission for the Mir space station, Progress M-15 left the Mir space station on February 4, 1993, and then launched a 20-meter-wide "Flag 2" solar reflector in orbit near the space station to carry out preliminary theoretical experiments. This experiment was quite successful. The "Flag 2" solar reflector successfully illuminated a 5-kilometer-wide area, and the brightness was almost comparable to that of the full moon! In the end, this solar mirror followed the "Progress M-15" into the atmosphere and burned out.

　　Tennikov was greatly encouraged and designed "Flag 2.5" again. According to his prediction, this 25-meter-wide improved solar reflector can produce brightness equal to 5-10 full moons when it is started, illuminating a circular area with a diameter of 7 kilometers. Unfortunately, after the launch, an accident occurred during the deployment of the "Flag 2.5" solar reflector. At that time, a lens was caught in the communication antenna of Mir space station, and the strong communication antenna quickly tore the lens, causing the sunglasses to lose control. In the end, this attempt failed, and this solar mirror, together with the cargo ship "Progress", was burned when it re-entered the atmosphere. Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was cancelled by the Russian Space Agency, which had poor financial resources, because of its high cost.

　　However, Tennikov didn’t give up easily. He went around trying to find new investors, hoping to carry on his solar mirror plan. In order to raise funds, Tennikov almost devoted his efforts to this project. Unfortunately, until his death in 2006, Tennikov had not raised enough funds to continue his "Flag" project.

　　Throughout the development of solar cannons, we can see that there are three obvious shortcomings that limit the development of this equipment.

　　First of all, the cost of building a solar cannon is amazing! According to oberth’s original idea, his solar cannon would cost $3 billion-an astronomical sum at that time. Even the Manhattan Project of the United States to develop nuclear weapons at the same time cost only $2 billion! Compared with the atomic bomb that can instantly destroy a big city, oberth’s solar cannons cost a lot, but even people on the ground are hard to kill, which is obviously not worth it.

　　At the same time, to build a huge solar cannon in space orbit, its engineering quantity and assembly difficulty are very amazing. Although oberth once imagined that this million-ton solar cannon could be built in 15-20 years. But until today, the most Ushizo object assembled by human beings in Earth orbit is only the "International Space Station" with a total weight of 500 tons-this is the result of the cooperation of dozens of countries, including the United States and Russia, in 20 years! Moreover, compared with the international space station built by docking module, the engineering complexity of the solar cannon is several times more difficult: because each mirror must be accurately installed in place, the workers responsible for assembling the solar cannon must wear heavy spacesuits and manipulate wrench tools to install the mirrors one by one, which is difficult for ordinary people to imagine. Even by the time standard of building the International Space Station, it takes at least a dozen generations of efforts and hundreds of years to complete a solar cannon with a weight of one million tons!

　　In addition, the vulnerability of solar cannons is also a problem that people must consider. Although solar cannons in orbit can intercept incoming anti-satellite missiles by reflecting sunlight. However, in wartime, the enemy is likely to use a large number of missiles to launch a saturation attack on this orbital mirror. As long as one missile breaks through the interception line and hits the solar cannon, it can destroy a large number of mirrors and make this expensive special weapon a waste. Moreover, even in peacetime, solar cannons face a major threat-space junk that can be seen everywhere in space orbit. Because of its huge size, the solar cannon has become an excellent target for space junk flying at high speed. As long as space junk destroys one of the mirrors, the effect of the whole solar gun system will be greatly reduced.

　　Although the practical application of solar cannons has encountered many difficulties, this does not mean that no one will carry forward the concept of orbital reflector. On March 23, 1983, President Ronald Reagan announced the strategic defense plan of the United States-the famous "Star Wars" plan. In this ambitious plan, the US military also used an orbital light reflector. However, the light source of these light reflectors is no longer ordinary sunlight, but high-energy laser emitted from the ground! According to the U.S. military’s vision, this weapon can directly reflect the high-energy laser beam emitted by the ground excimer laser transmitter and destroy the enemy ballistic missiles that are on the rise. Once a nuclear war breaks out, the United States can use this weapon to quickly destroy the incoming Soviet ballistic missiles, and then launch a retaliatory nuclear strike without worrying that the nuclear bomb will fall on its own head.

　　Of course, such a powerful weapon still needs to pay a price. Because the laser beam must penetrate the atmosphere, and then be transmitted to the attacking satellite through the relay satellite and then refracted to the target, the laser transmitter on the ground must be very powerful to be competent for this work. In order to achieve this goal, Americans put a lot of money into the development of ground lasers. Until the "Star Wars" project was cut by President Clinton in 1993, the ground laser station for providing light source was still not developed. In the end, the orbital reflector scheme was abandoned by the US military, and the development experience related to the project was applied to other laser weapon research projects of the US military.

　　Although the solar cannon and its derivative products have not been successful in reality, it does not mean that it cannot be a popular weapon in various cartoons, games and movies. In the story of the classic sci-fi cartoon "mobile suit 0079", Ji Wengjun owns a solar shaped gun transformed from a colonial satellite. In the subsequent development of the plot, this solar cannon directly swept the fleet of the Union Army and destroyed one-third of the main ships of the other side. This led to a forced attack by the Union Army of the Earth, which destroyed this threatening solar shaped charge gun. However, this solar energy gathering gun provides energy through the surrounding solar panels, which is essentially different from the working principle of the solar energy gun envisioned by oberth.

　　Besides appearing in the mobile suit series, Sun Cannon also appeared in the Resident Evil series of games. In the plot background of the game Resident Evil: Revelation, a maritime city in the Mediterranean Sea, Tra Griga, collects sunlight through an orbiting solar reflector to provide sufficient solar energy for lighting. When the "Hound" organization launched a biochemical terrorist attack in the city, which turned the whole city into a hell full of monsters, the top management of the Federal Bioterrorism Committee decided to turn the solar reflector into a solar cannon and emit a high-energy beam to completely destroy the city. As Terra Griga was completely reduced to ashes by high-energy beams, the story of the game-Floating Island Panic came to an end.

　　However, the most original work of oberth’s solar cannon design is the last 007 film "Die Another Day" starring pierce brosnan. In this movie, James Bond’s enemies have a solar cannon in orbit exactly as oberth imagined. In the film, this solar cannon destroyed the rocket car driven by Bond, the huge ice sculpture building, the missiles that attacked the solar cannon, and even the transport plane that the villain was riding! Perhaps the director of the film wants to pay tribute to oberth, the visionary of the orbital solar reflector. When the villain in the film announced the existence of the solar gun, he deliberately advocated that the orbital gun was only used for "civil lighting".

　　Although oberth’s idea of a solar cannon, and the idea of an orbital reflector derived from it, has not yet come true. However, his solar cannon is still active in many sci-fi works and is regarded as a classic sci-fi technology setting, which makes people feel very gratified. With the continuous development of space science and technology, maybe in the near future, someone will follow oberth’s legacy, solve the technical problems that limit the development of solar cannons, and finally develop an orbital reflector for the peaceful use of solar energy for the benefit of mankind!

CCTV News:According to the construction schedule of China Space Station,In May and June this year, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft will be launched respectively.Among them, there are three astronauts on Shenzhou 12 who will form a flight crew and will stay in orbit for three months.

At present, the Long March 7 Tele-3 launch vehicle, which carried out the launch mission of the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, has completed all the development work before leaving the factory, and has arrived safely at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan. Together with the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft that has arrived earlier, the final assembly and testing work in the launch site are carried out as planned. According to the plan, 11 missions will be carried out in succession this year and next, including three space station cabin launches, four cargo spacecraft launches and four manned spacecraft launches. The on-orbit construction of the space station will be completed in 2022, and all the mission objectives of the "three-step" development strategy of the project will be realized. At this time, it is exactly 30 years since the manned spaceflight project was officially launched.

The manned spacecraft carrying out the Shenzhou-12 manned space mission and the Long March-2 F-12 carrier rocket have also completed all the development work before leaving the factory. At present, they have been safely delivered to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in batches to carry out the assembly and testing work in the launch site, and the astronaut crew carrying out the manned space mission is undergoing intensive training. The last time China launched the Shenzhou manned spacecraft was on October 17th, 2016. Shenzhou XI carried out the sixth manned mission in China. At that time, the astronauts who took the Shenzhou XI flight were Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, who worked in orbit for 33 days. Among them, Jing Haipeng flew for the third time and was the astronaut who went into space the most times so far.

　　Xinhua News Agency, London, August 31 (Reporter Gui Tao) On August 31, several British cities held demonstrations to protest against Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s adjournment of Parliament.

　　On the same day, tens of thousands of people marched in London, Manchester, Oxford, Liverpool, Leeds and Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland. They shouted slogans and accused the Johnson administration of despising democracy and deliberately pursuing "no agreement to leave the European Union". There are both "Brexit" supporters and "Stay in Europe" supporters in the marchers.

　　The British Parliament, which is currently in summer recess, will resume on September 3rd. Johnson asked the parliament to adjourn again from September 9 to September 12, and the adjournment lasted until October 14. Queen Elizabeth II recently approved this request.

　　Critics believe that the deadline for Brexit on October 31 is approaching. If Parliament adjourns again, there will be only two weeks left for Members to exercise their rights on the issue of Brexit. Johnson’s request to adjourn the parliament again is to stop the members’ efforts to oppose "no agreement to leave the European Union". However, Johnson insisted that there was enough time for parliamentarians to discuss the issue of "Brexit".

　　"Insisting on arming the whole party, guiding practice and promoting work with the latest achievements in the modernization of Marxism in China is an important experience for our party to create history and achieve brilliant achievements."

　　At the beginning of the new era and new journey, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, a centralized education within the party that touches the mind and cleanses the soul — — The theme education of studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is in full swing in the whole party.

　　Learn ideas, strengthen party spirit, emphasize practice and build new achievements.

　　In the theme education, party member and cadres deeply understood the decisive significance of "two establishment", strengthened "four consciousnesses", strengthened "four self-confidences" and achieved "two maintenance", strengthened the ideals and beliefs of communist party people, absorbed the source power of unremitting struggle, strengthened the mission responsibility of taking responsibility, built a dam defense line against corruption and change, and constantly turned the learning results into a powerful driving force for promoting the construction of a strong country and gathered together.

　　At the above rate, the deployment will be promoted at a high station and a high starting point.

　　On December 21-22, 2023, Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a special democratic life meeting to study and implement the theme education of Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the meeting that studying and implementing the theme education of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The main theme is prominent, the objectives and tasks are clear, and remarkable results have been achieved in casting souls with learning, enhancing wisdom with learning, rectifying morals with learning, and promoting work with learning.

　　It is a distinctive feature of Marxist political parties to always attach great importance to theoretical armed forces.

　　2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress.

　　The key step to the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation is to unite the whole party under the banner of truth, so as to March forward resolutely and bravely without fear of stormy waves.

　　"We should take this theme education as an opportunity to strengthen the party’s innovative theory, constantly improve the Marxist level of the whole party, constantly improve the party’s ruling ability and leadership level, and gather together for the new journey of forging ahead."

　　On April 3, 2023, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great significance of this centralized education within the party at the theme education work conference.

　　In May, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected and presided over a symposium to further promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and put forward requirements for the theme education in the three places at the symposium:

　　"Party committees in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces should conscientiously implement the arrangements and requirements of the CPC Central Committee, earnestly do a good job in thematic education, further enhance the political and organizational functions of party organizations at all levels, and provide a strong guarantee for promoting the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei."

　　In April, 2023, when I visited Guangdong, I emphasized "building a soul by learning", in May, I emphasized "enhancing wisdom by learning" in Shaanxi, in June, I emphasized "correcting the wind by learning" in Inner Mongolia, and in July, I emphasized "promoting dry work by learning" in Jiangsu.

　　From the bank of the Pearl River to the land of Sanqin, from Hetao Plain to Jiangnan Water Town … … The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions, which provided a fundamental basis for the whole party to carry out in-depth theme education.

　　"We should pay more attention to theoretical armed forces, classified guidance, solid foundation, overall coordination and leadership guidance."

　　On August 30, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Conference and delivered an important speech, fully affirming the achievements of the first batch of thematic education and putting forward the important requirements of "five more attentions" for the second batch of thematic education.

　　At every key node of theme education, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech and made important instructions, and continued to deepen the theme education:

　　Combined with the actual characteristics, in view of the wide range, many types and large number of personnel in the second batch of theme education participating units, the characteristics of different levels, different fields and different objects are emphasized;

　　Focus on outstanding problems, make important instructions on controlling statistical fraud, preventing bad tendencies in research, and correcting chaos at the grassroots level, pointing to difficulties and ills;

　　Pay attention to demonstration, and ask the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to take the lead in consolidating and expanding the achievements of thematic education, establish a long-term mechanism, strengthen its own construction, and play a leading role in the whole party;

　　… … … …

　　Enthusiastic entrustment, full of expectations; Under the above rate, do it from the beginning.

　　Under the leadership of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, the whole party was moved by orders. Under the overall planning of the Central Leading Group for Theme Education, all localities, departments and units have launched a wide range of activities with high political consciousness, and promoted the orderly development of theme education with high standards and high quality.

　　Adhere to high-level promotion and pay attention to up-and-down communication — —

　　The Central Leading Group for Theme Education follows up and studies the spirit of the important speech and important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, holds monthly leading group meetings, holds symposiums and promotion meetings in due course, and studies and solves important problems in the work in a timely manner.

　　The Office of the Central Leading Group for Theme Education studied and formulated a series of specific measures, issued relevant notices and policy responses, conducted repeated deduction and unannounced visits, strengthened coordination and guidance, and carefully organized and prepared authoritative learning materials such as Selected Readings of the Supreme Leader’s Works, Selected Topics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era of the Supreme Leader, and Learning Outline of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era of the Supreme Leader (2023 Edition), which played a role as a staff assistant.

　　Leading groups for theme education at all levels, their offices, and all departments and units in various regions are connected up and down, running smoothly and carrying out effectively.

　　From April to August, 2023, the first batch of theme education was carried out in central and state organs and their directly affiliated units, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, sub-provincial city organs and their directly affiliated units, financial enterprises, enterprises and universities in charge.

　　From September 2023 to January 2024, the second batch of theme education was conducted for organs at all levels below the provincial level and their directly affiliated units and other grassroots party organizations.

　　Measures should be integrated and integrated, and integrated promotion should be adhered to — —

　　This theme education is not divided into stages and links, and party member cadres are organized to deepen their understanding of the Party’s innovation theory in theoretical study, investigation and research, promotion of development, inspection and rectification, and use the Party’s innovation theory to study new situations and solve new problems.

　　All localities, departments and units have combined learning with doing from the very beginning, integrated investigation with reform, unified contradiction with establishment, insisted on learning while investigating, and immediately changed when they know it, summed up experience in time by establishing rules and regulations, and constantly grasped various key measures in theme education.

　　In-depth investigation and study, highlighting practical work — —

　　It is an important content and distinctive feature of this theme education to carry out investigation and research in a solid manner.

　　According to the Party Central Committee’s work plan of investigating and studying the whole Party, all localities, departments and units organized party member and cadres to dive into the front line in the theme education, and went deep into rural areas, communities, enterprises, hospitals, schools, new economic organizations, new social organizations and other grass-roots units to ask for the people’s needs and advice.

　　Carry out anatomical research on typical cases, focusing on "dissecting a problem" to "solving a class of problems". The vast number of party member and cadres insist on starting from key trivial matters, devote themselves to finding out social conditions and public opinions, come up with feasible measures, and strive to solve the problems of "not being meticulous in policy", "not being able to keep up with service" and "not being able to get up with public opinions".

　　Adhere to the problem orientation and promote inspection and rectification — —

　　Focusing on the six aspects of theoretical study, political quality, ability, responsibility, work style, honesty and self-discipline, all departments and units in various regions held a special democratic life meeting on theme education, and combined with the profound analysis of negative typical cases, they talked about the problem, put their thoughts into practice, put themselves into it, put their responsibilities into it, put their work into it, dig deep into the crux of the problem, identify the ideological root and put forward improvement measures.

　　"The theoretical study is not deep and systematic enough, and it needs to be turned over and looked for now when it is used." "We should have a global vision and overall concept, not just in our own field ‘ Three points per acre ’ Thinking about things "… … The democratic life meeting on the theme education held by the Party Group of the Supreme People’s Court was full of self-criticism and mutual criticism.

　　Holding a special democratic life meeting is one of the important measures to adhere to the problem-oriented and solidly promote the inspection and rectification in theme education.

　　From making a list of problems, promoting the implementation of rectification, to carrying out special rectification, and then proposing improvement measures, all departments and units in various regions have seized the problems that have been strongly reflected by the masses and have not been solved for a long time, the problems that need to be solved in order to promote high-quality development, and the outstanding problems in cadres’ ideological style. The problem is checked at the crux and the rectification falls to the key point.

　　Strengthen supervision and guidance, and pay attention to answering the same questions — —

　　Strengthening supervision and guidance is an important guarantee for the theme education to achieve solid results.

　　In the first batch of theme education, the Central Leading Group for Theme Education held the training meeting of the Central Steering Group at the first time, and 58 steering groups went to various departments and units in various regions to work in the same direction as the stationed units and put into work in a good mental state.

　　Since the launch of the second batch of thematic education, the Central Leading Group for Thematic Education has sent 23 central itinerant guidance groups to provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, some subordinate units and agencies of central and state organs, and some financial enterprises and branches of enterprises under the central management. Provincial party committees and party groups (party committees) of the competent departments of industry systems sent provincial-level patrol supervision teams.

　　Carefully review important documents, participate in major activities in the whole process, and jointly study important issues … … Each steering group and supervision group anchored the objectives and strictly supervised the actual guidance, not only pointed out the existing problems, but also insisted on answering the same questions to ensure that all objectives and tasks were put in place.

　　Avoid formalism and ensure practical results — —

　　Formalism and bureaucracy are the great enemies to realize the Party’s mission and task in the new era and new journey, and they are also the outstanding problems that this theme education is trying to solve. We must move the real thing, target and correct it, closely monitor it and resolutely guard against it.

　　Policy reply, in-depth review, work deduction, typical anatomy, unannounced visits and spot checks … … All localities, departments and units have promoted the implementation of the deployment of theme education in various ways. At the same time, we should further enhance our political acumen, strengthen the examination and control, promptly correct the emerging and tendentious problems of formalism, and guard against "low-level red" and "senior black".

　　Only when people’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction are regarded as the fundamental criterion to judge the effectiveness of theme education, formalism and bureaucracy are avoided, and efforts are made in a thorough and solid manner, can we truly achieve high quality and good results and stand the test of history and practice.

　　The theme is clear, the focus is prominent, the organization is strong, and the work is solid.

　　All localities, departments and units adhere to the goal orientation, demand orientation, problem orientation and practice orientation, and promote the solid and powerful development of theme education.

　　Unity of knowing and doing, theme education has achieved remarkable results.

　　The majority of party member and cadres adhere to the integration of learning, thinking and application, and the unity of knowing, believing and doing. They continue to draw spiritual strength from theoretical study, show their responsibility for the benefit of the people, and deepen their self-revolution in the rectification of problems. The ideological will and actions of the whole party are more unified, and the party’s creativity, cohesiveness and combat effectiveness continue to increase.

　　Persistently use the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to build a soul, and the theoretical armed forces have achieved new results — —

　　Focus on a week to run a special reading class, and each member of the team will study and think deeply around a special topic and conduct discussions and exchanges; On the basis of the designated study materials, the works of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers are listed as study materials … …

　　In the theme education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs insists on theoretical study as the top priority, so as to achieve true learning, true understanding, true belief and true use.

　　The continuous struggle on the journey of dreaming comes from the profound consciousness of ideological theory.

　　In the process of theme education, the majority of party member and cadres settled down to read the original works, learn the original works and understand the principles, and constantly improve their ideological understanding and the power of understanding the truth, so as to truly learn to think, understand and gain.

　　The Central Propaganda Department promptly followed up and studied the cultural thoughts of the supreme leader, and held special reading classes and special seminars on theme education at the ministerial meeting; The International Liaison Department of the Central Committee held activities such as "Revival Lecture Hall" and "Topic Education" to enrich learning methods; The Central and State Organs Working Committees held a theme education and learning exchange meeting, and combined with the learning experience of theoretical works such as Selected Readings of the Supreme Leader’s Works and Excerpts of the Supreme Leader’s Discussion on Investigation and Research, the representatives of various departments and units of the Working Committee talked about their gains, understanding and thinking; The General Office of the State Council promotes "leading, supervising, researching, mutual learning and self-study" as a whole, and continuously deepens theoretical study; The State Ethnic Affairs Commission took the opportunity of speeding up the translation and publication of the fourth volume of The Supreme Leader’s Talks on Governing the Country and Politics, and laid a solid theoretical foundation. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions gives full play to the role of branches and carries out live broadcast activities such as "Party branch secretary cloud party class"; The Central Policy Research Office, the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other departments have improved the theoretical learning system to expand and enhance the learning effect.

　　Beijing pays close attention to the "three meetings and one lesson" of the Party branch and organizes the "theory+people+literature and art" light cavalry to preach; Guangdong held a special seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and municipal levels to further remember the idea of entrustment; Zhejiang takes activities such as "tracing the source to promote practice" as the starting point, guiding the vast number of party member and cadres to continue to rise the learning craze; Shanghai specially compiles "Important Instructions of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on Shanghai’s Work since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China" and so on as required textbooks for further understanding.

　　China Datang, China Resources Group, China Renmin University, Fudan University, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University and other rich ways and means to promote party member and cadres to learn relevant materials on theme education in time and create a good learning atmosphere.

　　… … … …

　　In the in-depth study again and again, the vast number of party member and cadres generally realized that the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is a rich theoretical treasure house and a "golden key" to solve problems. We must learn deeply and thoroughly, so as to be convinced and apply what we have learned.

　　After profound party spirit tempering and ideological baptism, political loyalty is stronger — —

　　In May, 2023, the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Nanping City, Fujian Province organized party member and cadres to come to Zhuxi Garden to carry out theme activities, so as to further study and understand the profound connotation and time value of the spirit of the important speech made by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

　　Focusing on political education and party spirit education, since the theme education was carried out, the supervision committee of Fujian Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection has carried out activities of retracing the footsteps to realize the mission, revisiting the stories to realize the initial heart, rereading the articles to realize the thoughts, and constantly casting political loyalty.

　　Loyalty to the Party is the primary political quality of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and it is also the genetic code for our Party to move from victory to victory. In the theme education, all localities, departments and units take tempering character and strengthening loyalty as an important goal.

　　The General Office of the Central Committee organized party member and cadres to visit the red venues and learn "A Hundred Years of Loyalty — — Selected Red Stories of the Central Office, etc., and constantly enhance the political consciousness of absolute loyalty to the party;

　　The Central Political and Legal Committee organized all party member and cadres of the organs to visit relevant exhibitions, bearing in mind that "politics and law are surnamed the party" and inheriting the red gene;

　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) authorities carried out activities such as the centralized study month of party constitution’s party rules and regulations, and used the party spirit education base to strengthen political guidance and education;

　　The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference authorities carefully supervised and implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work of the CPPCC and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and established a ledger system to ensure that it was implemented;

　　Some party secretaries at the grass-roots level in PetroChina moved party classes to well sites, installations and construction sites, explaining clearly "how to implement the earnest entrustment of the general secretary and how to do it based on their posts";

　　The Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of National Security, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the All-China Women’s Federation and other departments, Hebei, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong and other places, through strict education management supervision and organization of life, have comprehensively improved party member and cadres’ party spirit and honed their loyalty.

　　The vast number of party member and cadres have more deeply realized that "two establishment" is the most important political achievement, the most important historical experience and the most objective practical conclusion in the new era, and their political consciousness, ideological consciousness and action consciousness of "two maintenance" have been further enhanced.

　　Turn the achievements of theme education into a powerful force to do a good job in reform, development and stability, and promote high-quality development and make new progress — —

　　Focusing on the difficult problems that restrict high-quality development, comrades of the Party Group and the Bureau-level comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission went to the grassroots level for dozens of investigations, and formed hundreds of reports on expanding domestic demand and stabilizing exports, and put forward a number of operational, practical and effective policy suggestions to promote the solution of development problems.

　　The motivation inspired by theme education is effectively transformed into achievements in promoting high-quality economic and social development.

　　The Supreme People’s Procuratorate has formulated an implementation plan, which requires that every case be handled with high quality and efficiency closely around the central tasks and primary tasks of the party and the state; The Ministry of Science and Technology focuses on the development of artificial intelligence big model, promotes the solution of weak application basic research, and strengthens forward-looking deployment in strategic areas; The Ministry of Finance should give full play to its financial functions, increase support for basic public health services, and promote the construction of a multi-level and multi-pillar endowment insurance system; Chongqing coordinated to promote the "Ten Actions" and other key tasks in the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area.

　　The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the People’s Bank of China, the National Audit Office, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and other departments, as well as Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places, have comprehensively sorted out and formulated measures and detailed plans to tackle key problems, focusing on solving bottlenecks, preventing and resolving risks, and improving the quality and efficiency of development, and regard promoting high-quality development as an important yardstick to test the achievements of thematic education.

　　Focusing on its functional orientation, China Development Bank has specifically deployed relevant measures to support infrastructure construction in areas such as industrial upgrading and new urbanization. China Post Group focuses on deepening the revitalization of rural services and accelerating the construction of a three-level logistics system in counties and villages; China Three Gorges Group actively explores the "two-wing integration" development of eco-environmental protection and clean energy in the Yangtze River, and continues to carry out the "smart water housekeeper" comprehensive management model.

　　In the main battlefield of economic construction, at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation, and at the forefront of grassroots practice, the vast number of party member and cadres have established and practiced a correct concept of political achievements, corrected the orientation of cadres, enhanced their motivation, formed a joint force of cadres, and promoted high-quality development to achieve new breakthroughs.

　　Focusing on the urgent problems of the people, the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security has been improved — —

　　"Kindergarten from hardware conditions to teachers, and then to children’s meals, let us feel very at ease." "Now there is a kindergarten near the community, which is very convenient." In October 2023, Linglong Kindergarten in Wujiagang District, Yichang City, Hubei Province officially opened, which solved the problem of "difficulty in entering the park" that had plagued nearby parents for a long time.

　　Focusing on the problem of "difficult to enter the park" and "expensive to enter the park" reflected by the masses, Yichang regards "adding a public kindergarten degree" as a key livelihood issue, which has become a vivid epitome of local people’s voices and solving problems in theme education.

　　People’s livelihood is no small matter, and branches and leaves are always related to love. Adhering to the people-centered development idea, the "demand list" of ordinary people is being transformed into a "satisfaction list".

　　The Ministry of Education refines the specific tasks in the field of education in light of the actual situation, and strives to solve a number of educational problems that are needed for development, desired by the grassroots and desired by the people. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has formulated a list of livelihood projects with 22 specific items around promoting employment and entrepreneurship and improving the social security system.

　　Tianjin promotes the implementation of the social security policy for flexible employees and provides services such as serious illness care and serious illness relief; Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, carried out front-line work law to solve six kinds of problems, such as labor disputes reflected by "12345".

　　The Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other departments, Jilin, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan, Xizang and other places, accurately implemented relief measures, continued to promote the sinking of resources, services and platforms in rural areas and communities, earnestly observed people’s feelings, solved people’s worries and warmed people’s hearts.

　　In the theme education, all localities, departments and units regard "going to the grass roots" as a key link to understand people’s feelings and make scientific decisions, thoroughly study and practice the "Fengqiao experience" in the new era, and guide party member and cadres to sincerely listen to the voices of the masses, truly reflect their wishes, truly care about their sufferings, and constantly do a good job in benefiting the people and benefiting the people.

　　Dare to cut the blade inward and continue to rectify the "four winds", and the political ecology has taken on a new look — —

　　"Hard measures such as streamlining and reducing meetings have achieved remarkable results, giving the department ‘ Wenshan Huihai ’ Formalism and bureaucracy are put on ‘ Tightening spell ’ We feel that the quality and efficiency of the work have been significantly improved and the enthusiasm of the officers has become stronger. " A grassroots cadre in Hunan Province was deeply touched.

　　In the theme education, Hunan Province has introduced specific measures to deepen the rectification of the outstanding problems of formalism bureaucracy such as "Wen Shan Hui Hai", and has continued to expand into the results of reducing the burden at the grassroots level, so that the majority of grassroots cadres can go into battle lightly.

　　The grassroots reduce the burden and the cadres add motivation.

　　The Central Theme Education Office, together with the Office of the Special Working Mechanism of Rectifying Formalism at the Central Level for Reducing the Burden at the Grass-roots Level, has successively notified five cases that rectifying formalism is typical of the advantages and disadvantages of reducing the burden at the grass-roots level and a number of typical problems, demanding that all measures for reducing the burden be implemented strictly and realistically, focusing on solving the outstanding problems strongly reflected by grassroots cadres, effectively reducing the burden at the grass-roots level and encouraging cadres to take responsibility.

　　Strict discipline and discipline, continuous rectification of the "four winds", all localities, departments and units to guide the vast number of party member, cadres to boost their spirits and renew their vitality.

　　The State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection took the lead in carrying out education and rectification of discipline inspection and supervision cadres, solidly carried out ideological and political education, warning education and discipline and law education, and resolutely prevented "black under the lamp"; The Organization Department of the Central Committee has carried out special rectification on key and difficult issues in organizational work, striving to achieve practical results in further promoting the resolution of outstanding problems such as cadres’ inaction, dare not act, and chaos; The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee has implemented the important requirements of "three distinctions", made overall plans for accountability, fault tolerance and error correction, and formed a positive incentive orientation.

　　The Ministry of Justice consolidated and deepened the achievements of the education and rectification of the political and legal team, examined the problems in a package, made a list, and comprehensively rectified and rectified them; Party organizations at all levels of the Ministry of Transport have strengthened the investigation and rectification of grassroots party building issues, taking activities such as the "Year of Strengthening Party Building" as the starting point, and continue to make up shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and promote promotion; Xinjiang carried out a special rectification of cadres’ work style, and urged 217 local and county party and government cadres in the autonomous region to investigate the problem.

　　The Central Ministry of Social Work, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Emergency Management Department and other units, Guizhou, Ningxia, Liaoning, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and other places are keeping a close eye on the old problems and new manifestations of the "four winds", making persistent efforts to create a clean and honest political ecology.

　　Insist on the courage to face up to the problem, party member and cadres thoroughly examine the problem, pay close attention to rectification, correct behavioral deviation, and the Party’s ability of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement has been continuously enhanced.

　　Brave the tide and stride forward to a new journey.

　　If a nation wants to be in the forefront of the times, it must have theoretical thinking and correct ideological guidance for a moment.

　　At present, China’s development faces new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements and new strategic environment, and the risks and challenges to be dealt with, contradictions and problems to be solved are more complicated than before.

　　To advance the unprecedented great cause, only by rallying under the banner of truth and arming our minds with scientific theories can we grasp the historical initiative and March towards a new journey.

　　On the new journey, we should persist in building the Party ideologically and strengthening the Party theoretically, and constantly improve the theoretical level of Marxism of the whole Party — —

　　"How to understand that propaganda and ideological and cultural work is an extremely important work?" "How to shoulder the new cultural mission and create a new culture that belongs to our time?" … …

　　Centering on the cultural thought of the supreme leader, the Central Party School (National School of Administration) newspaper and magazine agency launched the first season of the Party School Micro-lecture Hall. Once online, it attracted a large number of viewers to click and watch.

　　Every step forward in the party’s theoretical innovation, the theoretical armed forces will follow.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era has achieved a new leap in the modernization of Marxism in China, and opened up a new realm of the modernization of Marxism in China, covering reform, development and stability, internal affairs, foreign affairs and national defense, and managing the party, the country and the army, and forming a complete scientific system.

　　Only by persisting in building the Party with ideology, strengthening the Party with theory, taking a clear-cut stand and grasping the theoretical arm, and studying and implementing the Party’s innovative theory throughout the whole process and all aspects, can party member and cadres truly maintain a high degree of ideological, political and operational consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, so as to achieve the goal of thinking in one place and making efforts in one place, and constantly enhance the Party’s cohesion and combat effectiveness.

　　On the new journey, we should persist in focusing on the center and serving the overall situation, and constantly use the party’s innovative theory to guide practice and promote work — —

　　High quality development is the last word in the new era. Whether there is a new breakthrough in high-quality development is an important yardstick to test the effectiveness of promoting development and a key standard to test the effectiveness of theme education.

　　This theme education takes "promoting development" as an important measure, which has effectively promoted the implementation of all work in the first year of comprehensively implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and achieved the dual purposes of educating party member and cadres and promoting career development.

　　Practice has proved that centralized education within the party cannot be divorced from the central task of the party and the fiery practice of economic and social development. Only by persisting in grasping and promoting educational practice can we truly demonstrate the truth power and practical power of the party’s innovation theory.

　　On the new journey, we must adhere to the people-oriented and people-oriented principles and follow the mass line of the Party in the new era — —

　　A few round tables, dozens of chairs, cadres and the masses sitting around chatting — — This is a vivid scene of solving problems through dialogue between cadres and the masses in various towns and villages of Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province.

　　From major events to minor events, simple problems are solved on the spot, complex problems are handed over to functional departments, and the Commissioner supervises and gives timely feedback.

　　Our party comes from the people, and its foundation and blood are in the people. Being born for the people, prospering for the people, always being with the people and striving for the people’s interests are the fundamental starting point and foothold of our party.

　　The greatest political advantage of the party is to keep close contact with the masses, and the greatest danger after the party is in power is to be divorced from the masses.

　　Only by going deep into the masses, being close to the masses, serving the masses, showing the people’s hearts and feelings to all aspects of the whole process of performing their duties and responsibilities, making efforts to protect and improve people’s livelihood, responding to the reasonable demands of the people in a timely manner, and effectively doing good things, doing practical things, and handling difficult things, can we win the hearts and minds of the people and win the historical initiative.

　　On the new journey, we must adhere to the strong foundation and the guidance of party building, and transform the party’s political and organizational advantages into governance efficiency — —

　　Due to the small scale, a residential area in Zhaowuda Community, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, has been abandoned by the property, and there are some problems such as lack of greening management and serious ground damage.

　　According to the relevant requirements of theme education, the Party Committee of Zhaowuda Community organized residents to set up autonomous committees to sort out the demands of the masses, and raised nearly 30,000 yuan to renovate the green belt and repair the damaged ground in the community, so as to effectively solve the "urgent difficulties and worries" in the hearts of residents who abandoned the old community.

　　Grass-roots units are the end of state governance and the forefront of serving the masses. The key to improving the efficiency of community governance is to strengthen the leadership of the party and do a good job in party building.

　　Only by adhering to a strong foundation, leading by Party building, innovating working methods, and running the Party’s leadership through all aspects of grass-roots social governance, can we lead the modernization of grass-roots governance with high-quality Party building, and continuously unite the party’s heart and people’s hearts and gather public opinion and people’s strength.

　　On the new journey, we must persist in moving the truth against the hard and self-revolution, and further promote the new great project of party building in the new era — —

　　On January 8, 2024, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection opened in Beijing. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech, profoundly expounding the important thought of the party’s self-revolution, and making strategic arrangements for sustained efforts and deepening the anti-corruption struggle.

　　With perseverance and perseverance on the road forever, all localities, departments and units have thoroughly studied and implemented the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the party’s self-revolution, strengthened their own construction, and continuously consolidated and expanded the achievements of thematic education.

　　It is the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political responsibility and historical consciousness to always maintain the advanced nature and purity of the Party, lead the great social revolution with great self-revolution, and unite and lead hundreds of millions of people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Only by keeping sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party at all times, persisting in the courage to face up to the problems, facing the problems directly, attacking the key points, resolutely eliminating the toxins and political microorganisms that endanger the health of the party, persisting in seeking practical results, and preventing various formalism and bureaucratic problems, can the party truly maintain its advanced nature and purity, and build it stronger and stronger.

　　In the past, thousands of splendors have been displayed, and in the Ming Dynasty, they have made even greater progress.

　　Standing at a new starting point, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the whole party consciously armed its mind, guided practice and promoted its work with the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and we will surely stride forward in the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way!

　　(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 3rd)